“You are going abroad and will live there? Oh, wonderful! You are so lucky.” Per
题型：不详难度：来源：
“You are going abroad and will live there? Oh, wonderful! You are so lucky.”
Perhaps your family and friends said similar things to you when you left home. But is it true all the time? Is your life in the new country always wonderful and exciting?
Specialists say that it isn’t that easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” (冲击) is the term specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. “There are three stages of culture shock,” say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers adapt to their surroundings and finally enjoy their life there.
Culture shock arises from many obvious factors. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems such as the telephone, post office, or transportation may be difficult to work out. Even the simplest things become headaches. Still worse, the language may be difficult.
Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity. They have to build a new selfimage.
Culture shock leads to a feeling of disorientation (迷惘). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create and escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long term solutions to the problem of culture shock.
小题1:When people move to a new country, they ________.| A．find their new life always wonderful and exciting. | | B．dislike the new surroundings from the beginning. | | C．quickly get accustomed to the new culture there. | | D．will get used to the new life with certain difficulty. |
小题2:Based on the passage, which of the following results from culture shock?| A．weather conditions and customs | | B．public service and transportation | | C．feeling homesick and disoriented | | D．language communication issues |
小题3:According to the passage, the more successful you are at home, ________.| A．the fewer difficulties you will meet with abroad | | B．the more problems you may have to face abroad | | C．the greater success you are likely to make abroad | | D．the less homesick you will eventually feel abroad |
小题4:Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?| A．Cultural shock affects and surprises those who live in a new culture. | | B．A new culture makes everything difficult except the simplest things. | | C．Since culture shock is painful, we can never get over it completely. | | D．Escaping by staying inside does solve the problem of culture shock. |
|
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了文化冲击的话题和文化冲击的三个阶段，并分析了什么样的人容易受到文化冲击和具体的原因。
小题1:细节题：根据文章第三段的句子：Specialists say that it isn’t that easy to get used to life in a new culture.可知当一个人到了国外，适应新的环境会有一定的困难，选D。
小题2:细节题：根据文章最后一段的句子：Culture shock leads to a feeling of disorientation (迷惘). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. 可知文化冲击会导致人的迷惘和思乡，选C
小题3:推理题。根据第三段2,3,4行But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community.说明那些在国内很成功的人到了国外最有可能感受文化的冲击，故B说法正确。
小题4:细节题：根据文章第三段的句子：“Culture shock” (冲击) is the term specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. 可知文化冲击影响的是那些生活在一个新的环境的人，选A。 |
举一反三
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”．
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能)．
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists" view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US，for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
小题1:This passage is mainly concerned with ________. | A．relation between personality and behavior | | B．relation between behavior and environment | | C．different accounts of patterns of human behavior | | D．different theories of the formation of human behavior |
小题2:The underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2 means ________.| A．creators | B．advisors | C．advocates | D．judges |
小题3:In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes about ________. | A．the considerable influence of the two theories | | B．differences between the blacks and whites | | C．racial discrimination in the United States | | D．different responds to intelligence tests |
小题4:What"s the author"s purpose in writing the passage? | A．To call our attention to the changes of human behavior. | | B．To urge scientists to do more research in social science. | | C．To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior. | | D．To present an argument in the field of social science. |
|
A man sat at a metro station in Washington DC and started to play the violin; it was a cold January morning. He played six Bach pieces for about 45 minutes. During that time, since it was rush hour, 1,100 people went through the station, most of them on their way to work.
Three minutes went by, and a middle aged man noticed there was musician playing. He slowed his pace, and stopped for a few seconds, and then hurried up to meet his schedule.
A minute later, the violinist received his first dollar tip: a woman threw the money in the money box without stopping, and continued to walk.
A few minutes later, someone leaned against the wall to listen to him, but the man looked at his watch and started to walk again. Clearly he was late for work.
The one who paid the most attention was a 3-year-old boy. His mother tagged him along, hurried, but the kid stopped to look at the violinist. Finally, the mother pushed hard, and the child continued to walk, turning his head all the time. This action was repeated by several other children. All the parents, without exception, forced them to move on.
In the 45 minutes the musician played, only 6 people stopped and stayed for a while. About 20 gave him money, but continued to walk their normal pace. He collected $32. When he finished playing and silence took over, no one noticed it. No one applauded, nor was there any recognition.
No one knew this, but the violinist was Joshua Bell, one of the most talented musicians in the world. He had just played one of the most beautiful pieces ever written, on a violin worth $3.5 million dollars.
Two days before his playing in the subway, Joshua Bell sold out at a theater in Boston where the seats averaged $100.
This is a real story. Joshua Bell’s playing in the metro station was organized by the Washington Post as part of a social experiment.
The outlines were: in a common environment at an inappropriate hour: Do we enjoy beauty? Do we stop to appreciate it? Do we recognize the talent in an unexpected situation?
One of the possible conclusions from this experience could be: If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music ever written, how many other things are we missing?”
小题1:Few people stopped to listen to Joshua Bell playing because______.| A．people were in a hurry | | B．they were not interested in music | | C．it was too cold in the subway | | D．the performance was not good enough |
小题2:When children stopped to look at the violinist, their parents ______.| A．would give him some money | | B．would stop to enjoy the music | | C．would applaud for the performance | | D．would urge them to continue walking |
小题3:Joshua Bell played in the metro station in order to ______.| A．make more money | | B．practice his skills in playing music | | C．made an advertisement for his concert | | D．find out people’s reaction under such a circumstance |
小题4:The purpose of the passage is to _____.| A．set us to think about our life | | B．show us how to play music | | C．tell us the importance of music | | D．report a subway performance |
|
A smart phone is a mobile phone built on a mobile operating system, with more advanced computing abilities than a common phone. The first smart phones enabled the users to send and receive emails. Later models added the function of portable media players, pocket video cameras, and GPS navigation units to form one multi-use device. Many modem smart phones also include touchscreens and web browsers that display web pages.
A recent report says we spend an average of two hours and 40 minutes each day looking at a smart phone. That doesn’t mean making calls, but playing phone games and browsing the Web.
Nowadays we always find people checking emails in a restaurant, taking a picture of the food when it arrives, or checking a message during a conversation instead of traditional communication. It’s no secret that our lives are being affected by our smart phones obsession.
However, this phenomenon has never been presented so vividly as in the short YouTube film I Forgot My Phone. Despite only being online for a few days, it"s already been viewed more than 10.5 million times. Whether it will be screened in the cinema remains to be seen.
Ironically, YouTube’s data show that the site gets a billion views per day from mobile devices, so a lot of those people watched it on their phones.
The short film, written by and starring actress Charlene Deguzman, shows groups of people in various social situations, the majority of whom are absorbed in their phones instead of the world around them. To a certain extent, we all do it.
小题1:People prefer a smart phone to a common one, because the latter only can help us ______.| A．check emails | B．send messages | C．find the destination | D．watch a video |
小题2:The underlined word “obsession” in the third paragraph most probably means “______”.| A．devotion | B．contribution | C．addiction | D．emotion |
小题3:Which of the following is right?| A．People spend as average of two hours and 40 minutes each day using smart phones. | | B．The film hasn’t been put on in the cinema. | | C．The film is written by an actor named Charlene Deguzman. | | D．The film has already been viewed more than 105 million times in the first few days. |
小题4:When the writer mentions the number of people watching the film from mobile devices in the fifth paragraph, he mainly feels ______.| A．encouraged | B．depressed | C．proud | D．satisfied |
|
Being honest are fundamental requirements if you want to grow spiritually and follow your true destination of personal development. It"s not simply about being honest with people. While that will make you a better person and a more accepted one it"s more importantly about being honest with yourself.
Living your life honestly means that you"ve decided to live openly and to show your true self to others and that you can be relied upon to be trustworthy. On the other hand, dishonesty is all about shade and concealment and living your life in "dark corners". When you"re dishonest, it means that you remain living in the dark and cannot grow spiritually.
Honesty produces trust-trust in ourselves and in all those around us. Trust in turn produces confidence which we all need to overcome life"s problems and which also encourages us to take risks in order to achieve our goals.
You"ll have no doubt you have heard expressions such as "what goes around, comes around" and "you get back, what you give out in life" and that"s very true. If you don"t live your lives honestly, you can be assured that the people you"ll attract will turn out to be very similar to you and it"s therefore unavoidable that one day you"11 be on the receiving end of someone"s dishonest actions or words.
There may be situations where telling the whole truth causes you to bring a lot of pain on somebody else. For example, John may have told Paul that he can"t go on a weekend fishing trip with him because he has a family commitment arranged that weekend. You know differently and that the real reason John isn"t going is because he hates Paul. When Paul asks you if you know whether the reason is true, what do you say? Well, in situations like this, it"s often better to be economical with the truth. You might say that you don"t know why John can"t go or that you think he has something on that weekend." Of course, this isn"t telling the complete truth but you are sparing Paul"s feelings on something that won"t, after all, have strong influence on Paul"s future.
小题1:If you want to grow spiritually, it is best for you to______.| A．follow your destination | | B．be true to yourself | | C．plan your personal development | | D．accept honest people as ends |
小题2:The passage tells us that if you choose to live a dishonest life, you will_____.| A．suffer from dishonesty | | B．become very attractive | | C．influence honest people | | D．have attractive friends |
小题3:The example in the last paragraph is used to prove that______.| A．we should always tell the truth | | B．John is not a trustworthy person | | C．telling lies causes pain on someone else | | D．sometimes we can"t be completely honest |
小题4:What is the main idea of the passage?| A．We should be economical with the truth. | | B．People can gain from dishonesty. | | C．Honesty helps you develop. | | D．Trust produces confidence. |
|
Most city parks are places where you can escape from big，ugly structures of metal and stone．The Manhattan High Line is different．Raised 25 feet above the ground，this massive metal structure once supported a rail line．The line opened in 1934 but it was hardly used after the 1960s，and much of it was torn down．However，one stretch remained in a region of Manhattan．The railway structure was ugly and everyone knew that at some time，it would have to be removed．
But the High Line was not destroyed．In fact．now the old rail line serves as one of the most peaceful places in the city．The idea to change the rail line into a park came from Joshua David and Robert Hammond．In 1999，they attended a community meeting to decide the fate of the High Line．David and Hammond were the only people at the meeting interested in saving the historical structure. Later on，when they asked railway officials to take them up to look at the High Line，they saw a mile and a half of wild flowers growing in the middle of the city，and they realized that the High Line had potential to become a park．There was growing interest in improving urban centers，and so the project quickly gathered funds for construction．
The first section of the High Line opened in 2009 and immediately became popular with tourists and locals alike．Each part of the park has a different atmosphere．Some areas are like balconies with wonderful city views．Other sections have wide lawns and walkways planted with wild flowers．Only the final section remains the way it has been for the last fifty years—a railway line overgrown with weeds．
小题1:What is the text mainly about?| A．A park． | B．A train line． | | C．City transport． | D．A historical monument． |
小题2:Which of the following is NOT true about the High Line?| A．It is above ground level． | B．Only part of the line remains. | | C．It is now a popular park． | D．Trains still use the line. |
小题3:Why did David and Hammond want to save the High Line at first?| A．They thought it would make a good park． | | B．They wanted to reopen the train line． | | C．They thought it had historical value． | | D．They were interested in improving the city. |
小题4:Why were people easily persuaded by David and Hammond’s idea?| A．They wanted to make cities nicer places． | | B．They wanted to see the wild flowers too. | | C．They realized the High Line was important. | | D．They knew that funds were available． |
小题5:We can infer from the last paragraph that the park is ______________.| A．popular with tourists | B．similar to what it used to be | | C．various in its design | D．1ike natural countryside |
|
最新试题
热门考点