Aggressive pedestrians are in fact as dangerous as careless drivers. They cause
题型：不详难度：来源：
Aggressive pedestrians are in fact as dangerous as careless drivers. They cause traffic accidents, injury and death.
These dangerous walkers can be seen in any big city over the world. About 69% of last year’s pedestrian deaths in the US occurred in urban areas. They cross streets ignoring “DON’T WALK” signals, suddenly appear without warning from behind parked vehicles, walk slowly at crossroads with cell phones attached to heads, blocking traffic.
These pedestrians and drivers share a common disregard for the rules of the road, both for selfish reasons. The drivers believe in the power of their machines. If their machines can go faster, they believe they have the right to go faster. If their machines are bigger, they believe they have the right to push smaller vehicles aside. Aggressive pedestrians, on the other hand, believe in the primacy(首位) of the individual, the idea that they are first in any environment, under any circumstances, even when they are on foot in a roaring tide of steel and rubber.
Last year, an estimated 5,220 pedestrians died in traffic accidents. Some 69,000 pedestrians were injured. On average, that worked out to one pedestrian killed in a traffic crash every 101 minutes, and one injured every eight minutes.
The good news is that the accident rate is dropping. For example, the number of pedestrians killed last year was 24 percent less than the number killed in traffic accidents a decade earlier. The bad news is that the basic causes of pedestrian deaths remain pretty much the same----disregard for traffic signals, inattention and crossing roads under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Alcohol, in fact, was involved in 46 percent of the traffic accidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths. Of those, 31 percent of the pedestrians were found to be drunk.
The bottom line is that the pedestrians must do more to protect their lives as well as the lives of other road users. They can start by obeying traffic signals, using marked cross-walks and calling a cab when they’ve had too much to drink.
小题1:The passage is mainly about __________.| A．how aggressive pedestrians cause traffic accidents | | B．why so many Americans were killed on roads last year | | C．what the traffic rules of the road about pedestrians were | | D．who are to blame for pedestrian deaths, drunk drivers or the aggressive pedestrians |
小题2:What is the pedestrians’ selfish reason for traffic jams?| A．They know all drivers are skilled and with great care. | | B．They believe individuals are always first. | | C．They think traffic rules have nothing to do with them. | | D．They guess all vehicles will slow down at crossroads. |
小题3:What was NOT the basic cause of pedestrian deaths in the US a decade ago?| A．Disregard for traffic signals | B．Paying no attention to surroundings. | | C．Crossing roads drunk. | D．Overspeeding driving. |
小题4:As one of all the road users, what should we students do on busy roads?| A．Obey traffic signals at crossroads. | | B．Run as fast as possible at crossroads. | | C．Talk on your cell phone if necessary. | | D．Always watch out for big trucks. |
小题5:What word can best describe the author’s attitude to the traffic accidents caused by pedestrians?| A．Excited. | B．Cold. | C．Concerned | D．Inconnected. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:C |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了行人造成交通事故问题，分析了它的原因和危害，提出如何避免这样的问题。
小题1:主旨题：从第一段的句子：Aggressive pedestrians are in fact as dangerous as careless drivers.可知这篇文章讲的是激进的行人是如何造成交通事故的。选A
小题2:细节题：从第三段的句子：on the other hand, believe in the primacy(首位) of the individual, the idea that they are first in any environment, under any circumstances, even when they are on foot in a roaring tide of steel and rubber.可知行人认为行人是第一位的。选
B
小题3:排除题：disregard for traffic signals, inattention and crossing roads under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Alcohol,从倒数第二段的句子：可知ABC是对的，选D
小题4:细节题：从最后一段的句子：They can start by obeying traffic signals,可知行人应该遵守交通信号。选A
小题5:作者态度题：从文章的里的：the bad news…the bottom line…等字眼，可以看出作者很担心行人造成的交通事故。选C
点评：这篇文章主要讲的行人由于自私给自己和别人带来的危险，题型多样，细节题，主旨题，还有很新颖的表格题，学生即要求把握主旨，也要留意细节。对作者态度题，要抓住关键词，特别是形容词。 |
举一反三
There is a saying in French—“Si vieillesse pouvait, si jeunesse savait”—which means roughly “if age had the ability, if youth had the knowledge.” I was reminded of this saying the other day when I saw an interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeon(神经外科医生), now retired, about the impact of computer technology on modern surgery.
He was referring to the difficulty people of his age had in using the new techniques, but also to the fact that younger surgeons, who are more comfortable with the technology, lack some of the wisdom of experience.
It struck me that this problem is not just confined(局限于) to specialized fields such as medicine, but is widespread in modern life. There are many areas where the rapid growth of technology has widened the generation gap.
Young people are at ease with modern technology and propose all sorts of ways for using and developing it. But they often lack the experience needed to see further into the future to the possible dangers that a particular development may cause.
Older people see all sorts of difficulties and dangers, but are sometimes ignored, or even accused of being against progress, if they point out potential problems. Equally, they may see potential uses, but not have the technical skills to put them into practice themselves or the trust in the younger generation to do so.
Enthusiasm and inexperience come into conflict with caution and arrogance, usually with unsatisfactory results for both sides.
What is needed is the development of a partnership, based on mutual respect, which can deliver real progress by combining enthusiasm and caution in a constructive way, rather than in conflict with each other. The old need to give the younger generation the time, the resources and, above all, the authority to develop new ideas and use their skills. In exchange, the young need to turn more actively to the older generation to seek their advice and exploit their greater experience of the world in foreseeing and overcoming potential problems.
小题1:The passage is mainly about ________.| A．the impact of computer technology on modern surgery | | B．an interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeon | | C．new generation gap between the old and the young | | D．a conflict between knowledge and experience |
小题2:The French saying in the first paragraph is used to ________.| A．introduce the topic | | B．show the difference between French and English | | C．make readers confused | | D．prove the writer’s wisdom |
小题3:What did the retired neurosurgeon probably mention in his interview?| A．Old people’s enthusiasm in obtaining new technology. | | B．Old people’s difficulty in using computers. | | C．Young surgeons’ bad manners in working. | | D．Young surgeons’ difficulty in getting experience. |
小题4:In the writer’s view, what advantage do the older generation have?| A．They are happy with modern technology. | | B．They are easy to learn new techniques. | | C．They can foresee the future of the young generation. | | D．They are rich in work experience. |
小题5:What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?| A．The young and the old should respect and learn from each other. | | B．The young should teach the old modern technology. | | C．The old should maintain their authority in every field. | | D．The young and the old should work independently. |
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The number of smokers in England is about 8 million. According to the Department of Health, smoking is the biggest cause of early death in the country. Smokers in England have been asked to give up smoking for 28 days this month, in an action backed by Cancer Research UK and the British Heart Foundation.
Research shows people who manage not to light up for this length of time are 5 times more likely to kick the habit. Public health experts say campaigns that include a combination of hard-hitting ads and supportive messages work best.
Quitting smoking can be difficult. However, people are much more likely to succeed if other people are doing the same than if they try to do it alone and go cold turkey. Robert West, Director of Tobacco Studies at University College London, points out how pressure from people around can prevent a smoker going on smoking. “We are social animals,” he said.
The action has met some doubts among readers of the BBC News Online website. Some compared it to asking people to stop eating as a way of fighting overweight. Others doubt the action’s effectiveness. “Its weakness is that it fails to explain why a person smokes, and the reasons are as many as the number of smokers”, says someone who signed as BluesBerry.
Another reader, Cazz, has decided to give it some credit. He says:“ Campaigns like this won’t necessarily inspire the majority of smokers to quit, but may encourage those thinking about quitting to set a date and try. Surely it’s worth a shot. ”
小题1:What does the text mainly talk about?| A．A new action to quit smoking. | | B．A way of fighting overweight. | | C．A country with the most smokers. | | D．The biggest cause of early death. |
小题2:The underlined phrase “go cold turkey” in the third paragraph means “_______”.| A．buy a cold turkey | B．eat too much food | C．stop a bad habit | D．get much support |
小题3:Why is it easier to stop smoking when other people are doing the same? | A．Because people usually respect each other. | | B．Because they’re faced with the same pressure. | | C．Because people are influenced by each other. | | D．Because they keep the same animals as pets. |
小题4:What’s Cazz’ s attitude in the last paragraph?| A．Distant． | B．Doubtful． | C．Surprised． | D．Approving |
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For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead. “ We can do without railways.” People say…as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary. We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, and that they’re dying .But this is far from the truth: in these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they are cheaper than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway. What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another. It doesn’t leave you up as a plane does, miles and miles from the city center. It doesn’t hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train carry goods which a plane or a motorcar could never do.
Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey. Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling at 150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can’t use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can’t fly for the same reason..
小题1:Some people think the railways are unnecessary for many reasons except that .| A．planes and motorcars have taken the place of trains | | B．oil is expensive today | | C．trains are slow | | D．railways lose money |
小题2:According to the writer, which of the following is Not true?| A．It is cheaper to travel by train than by plane. | | B．The railway station is usually at the center of the city. | | C．When you get off the plane you will find yourself right in the city center. | | D．No motorcar or plane can carry as many goods as a train does. |
小题3:The writer thinks that the railways, far from being dead, are very much alive because .| A．we can have a smooth and untroubled journey | | B．we’ll not have enough money to fly in planes | | C．we can now travel in super-fast train | | D．all of the above |
小题4:The best title for this passage may be” ”| A．Not the End but the Beginning | | B．Which is the Best: Train, Motorcar or Plane | | C．Trains are More Competitive than Motorcars or Planes | | D．Oh, Super-fast Trains |
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Narayana Hrudayalaya, a complex of health centers based in southern India, offers low-cost, high-quality specialty care in a largely poor country of 1.2 billion people. By thinking differently about everything from the unusually high number of patients it treats to the millions for whom it provides insurance, the hospital group is able to continually reduce costs. Narayana Hrudayalaya’s operations include the world’s largest and most productive cardiac (心脏病的) hospital, where the average open-heart surgery runs less than $2,000, a third or less what it costs elsewhere in India.
Narayana Hrudayalaya’s origins date back to 2001, when it built its massive cardiac center on the outskirts （市郊）of Bangalore. But it has expanded since then into what founder Dr. Devi Shetty calls a "health city," a series of centers specializing in eye, trauma, and cancer care. Narayana Hrudayalaya now manages or owns hospitals in 14 other Indian cities.
Expanding access is paired with a ongoing focus on efficiency. Typically, says Shetty, private hospitals in India focus on patients who can easily afford treatment. "We did it the other way around," he says. "This hospital is for poor people, but we also treat some rich people. We don’t look at people who are sgabbily dressed and have trouble paying as outsiders. " Narayana Hrudayalaya’s flagship hospital has 3,000 beds and negotiates for better prices and buys directly from manufacturers, cutting out distributors.
In addition to cost-cutting, Narayana Hrudayalaya finds creative ways to make the economics work. The company started a micro-insurance program backed by the government that enables 3 million farmers to have coverage for as little as 22 cents a month in premiums（保险费）. Patients who pay discounted rates are in effect compensated by those who pay full price
Doing something--doing more, actually--is the point. By 2017, Shetty, 58, plans to expand from 5,000 beds throughout India to 30,000. Before becoming one of India’s best-known health-care entrepreneurs, Shetty was its best-known heart surgeon. He was interrupted in surgery one day during the 1990s by a request to make a house call. "I said, "I don’t make home visits," " Shetty says, "and the caller said, "If you see this patient, the experience may transform your life." " The request was from Mother Teresa. Inspired by the her work with the poor, he then set out to create a hospital to deliver care based on need, not wealth. "One lesson she taught me," he says, quoting a saying he keeps framed in his office, "is "Hands that sew are holier than lips that pray." "
小题1:Narayana Hrudayalayastarted a micro-insurance to _______.| A．cut down on the cost of the treatment | B．get the support of the government | | C．make the company run smoothly | D．attract more people to its hospital |
小题2:We can infer from the passage that _______.| A．the cost of medicine care in India is very low | | B．Shetty wouldn’t have succeeded without Mother Teresa | | C．Shetty and his colleagues are likely to make home visits now | | D．Shetty has expanded his hospitals to most of other cities in India |
小题3:Why did Shetty build the massive cardiac center in 2001?| A．He wanted to build a health city. | | B．He was motivated and decided to help more people. | | C．He intended to develop his career in different areas. | | D．He meant to help more poor people get free treatment. |
小题4:How would you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph ?| A．It’s doing something and doing more that really matters. | | B．It’s not easy to take positive action to contribute to society. | | C．Healthcare workers are the holiest persons in the world. | | D．Praying alone is of no significance in face of difficult situation. |
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Internet has become part of young people’s life. You can do lots of things on line such as chatting, sending messages and emails, getting useful knowledge and information, buying things without going to the shops, visiting cool websites, and so on. But it’s also easy to be cheated online. Here’s a story about a girl named Mary.
Mary is an 18-year-old girl who lives in New York. The people in Mary’s family are so busy that they hardly have time to be with her. In fact, Mary is quite lonely. So she spends a lot of time on QQ.
Last year Mary made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and he lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Mary had a common interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot the time. David sent Mary a picture of “himself”: he was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.
Before David’s birthday, Mary wanted to give him a surprise. She flew to San Francisco. But when Mary knocked on David’s door, she found that the special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!
So when you make friends on the Internet, please be careful. Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet.
u Don’t give your password to anyone else, and never let out the following information: your real name, home address, age, school, phone number or other personal information.
u Never agree to meet someone you met on the Internet without your parents’ permission. Never meet anyone you met online alone.
u Always remember that people online may not be who they say they are. Treat everyone online as if they were strangers.
u Remember — not everything you read on the Internet is true.
小题1:Why does Mary spend a lot of her time on QQ?| A．Because she feels lonely. | | B．Because she doesn’t like learning. | | C．Because she wants to make a boyfriend. | | D．Because she likes computer games. |
小题2:Mary thought David was special because __________.| A．he was tall and good-looking | B．he sent her a picture of himself | | C．he was from San Francisco | D．he made her quite happy on QQ. |
小题3:It’s good for children to _________ on the Internet.| A．give password to others | | B．get useful knowledge and information | | C．give phone number to others | | D．believe everything they read |
小题4:What shouldn’t be done when you are online according to the passage?| A．Sending messages and emails. | | B．Visiting cool websites. | | C．Giving your real name to others. | | D．Treating everyone online as strangers. |
小题5:What’s the main idea of this passage?| A．Things might not be real on the Internet. | | B．It’s not good to chat on QQ. | | C．Don’t meet some one you get to know on QQ. | | D．Don’t buy anything on line. |
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