Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history book
题型：不详难度：来源：
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars (纪念柱) in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.
Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently －this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done －is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.
That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets －while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life － nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.
小题1:In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.| A．conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books. | | B．history books focus more on those who helped civilization forward. | | C．those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books. | | D．most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers. |
小题2:In the author’s opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries are | A．certainly both the greatest and the most civilized | | B．neither the most influential nor the most civilized. | | C．possibly the most civilized but not the most powerful. | | D．likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized. |
小题3: The meaning of “it means saying that might is right.”(The last sentence of Paragraph 2) is that ________.| A．in a war only those who are powerful will win. | | B．those who are right should fight against those who are wrong. | | C．only those who are powerful have the right to go to war. | | D．those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong. |
小题4: In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that ________.| A．we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties. | | B．modern time is not so civilized compared with the past. | | C．our age is not much better than those of the past. | | D．World War I and World War II are different from previous wars. |
小题5: According to the passage, who helped civilization forward?
A. The pioneers in science and technology.
B. Conquerors and generals.
C. Those setting disputes by force.
The experts in military matters
小题6: This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled ________.| A．Who Should Be Remembered | | B．Civilization and History | | C．War and World Peace | | D．Great conquerors in the world |
|
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:A
小题6:B |
解析
人们经常记住的是那些征服者，将军或者士兵，但是对于真正推动文明向前发展的人却很少记得。说明真正推动文明发展的不是这些征服者，将军或者士兵。而是科学家和先驱者。
小题1:C
【试题解析】细节题。根据文章1,2行Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.可知出现在历史书上的大部分人都是征服者和将军或者士兵，那些真正推动文明向前发展的人很少被提及。故C正确。
小题2:D
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一段最后3行And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.中最后一句but they are not the most civilized可知虽然这些国家统治了很多其他国家，但是他们使用的是武力和暴力，却未必是最文明的。故D正确。
小题3:D
【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段4,5行Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right.可知战斗就意味着***戮，文明的人通常会找到其他的解决争端的方法而不是***死对方。而战争的意思却不一样，在战争角度来说，胜者为王，败者为寇。所以For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.的意思就是D项内容。
小题4:C
【试题解析】推理题。根据本段2,3行And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets －while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life可知现在人们已经进入了制定规则并按照规则来做事情，不需要再通过打斗来实现目的的阶段。根据最后一句nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages现在不需要再像过去的野蛮人一样了。故C项正确。
小题5:A
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一段可知人们经常记住的是那些征服者，将军或者士兵，但是对于真正推动文明向前发展的人却很少记得。说明真正推动文明发展的不是这些征服者，将军或者士兵。而是We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field;中的科学家和先驱者。故A正确。
小题6:B
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一段可知文章讲述的是人们记住的往往只是征服者和将军士兵，对于推动文明发展的先驱者却了解不多，说明本文主要讲述的是文明和历史的话题。故B项正确。
【长难句解析】
1.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.
【翻译】出现在历史书上的大部分人都是征服者和将军或者士兵，那些真正推动文明向前发展的人很少被提及。
【分析】本句是一个并列句，前面半句中有一个定语从句who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books修饰先行词people，whereas引导的是一个表示转折关系的并列连词。
2.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like.
【翻译】那就是人类的故事在整体上的样子。
【分析】本句中含有一个what引导的表语从句，what在这个表语从句中作为介词like的宾语，同时也是引导词。 |
举一反三
“Can’t hold a candle to” is a popular expression．When there wasn’t electricity, someone would have a servant light his way by holding a candle．The expression meant that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servant．Now，it means such a person cannot compare or compete．
Another expression is“hold your tongue．”It means to be still and not talk．“Hold your tongue”is not something you would tell a friend．But a parent or teacher might use the expression to quiet a noisy child．
“Hold out”is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor news．It means to refuse to play or work．Professional football and baseball players“hold out” if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worth．
The expression“hold up” has several different meanings．One is a robbery．A man with a gun may say,“This is a hold up．Give me your money．”Another meaning is to delay．A driver who was held up by heavy traffic might be late for work．Another meaning is for a story to be considered true after an investigation．A story can hold up if it is proved true．
“Hold on”is another expression，which means wait or stop．As you leave for school，your brother may say,“Hold on，you forgot your book．” It is used to ask a telephone caller to wait and not hang up his telephone．
Our final expression is“hold the line．”That means to keep a problem or situation from getting worse—to hold steady．For example，the president may say he will“hold the line on taxes．”He means there will be no increase in taxes．
小题1:The author introduces the expressions mainly by _____________．| A．giving examples | B．making comparisons | | C．raising questions | D．quoting famous remarks |
小题2:The expression“can’t hold a candle to”call be used when ____________．| A．some footballers refuse to play a game | | B．someone else is wanted on the phone | | C．someone is not qualified for a position | | D．someone was delayed by heavy traffic |
小题3:The tune ofthe phrase“hold your tongue”is probably a little ___________．| A．amusing | B．polite | C．unfriendly | D．offensive |
小题4:If some teachers“hold out”，they probably __________．| A．change their artitude | B．refuse to work | | C．make a compromise | D．show their devotion |
小题5:Which of the following sentences can convey positive meanings?| A．I was late as I was held up by a hold up． | | B．Hold on!You have to pay the bill，sir． | | C．You can’t even hold a candle to Michael． | | D．I promise to hold the line on house prices． |
|
It is one of the most annoying words in the English language and it seems there is no escaping it．The word “huh?” is in worldwide use, a study found．
Researchers discovered that languages spoken in countries from Ghana and Laos to Iceland and Italy all include ‘‘huh?”, or something that sounds very like it. They said that while the study may sound silly，the word is an absolutely necessary part of speech．Without it and similar words，it would be impossible to show that we haven’t heard or understood what had been said and this would lead to constant misunderstandings．
But while other words used in the same context，such as ‘‘sorry"’ or‘ ‘what”，vary widely across languages，“huh?” remains unchanged．
The Dutch researchers carefully studied ten languages from around the world，including Siwu, which is spoken in Ghana, and an Australian Aboriginal language，as well as Italian，Spanish，Dutch and Mandarin Chinese．
They analyzed tapes of recorded conversations for words that sounded like ‘‘huh?” and were used to request that whatever had just been said be repeated．All contained a version of ‘‘huh?”．The word was also found in another 21 languages．While there were subtle differences in each country, all sounded basically the same．
This is surprising because normally unrelated languages will use very different words to describe the same thing．For instance，the Japanese for “dog’’ is ‘‘inu”，while the French is‘ ‘chien”．It is thought that languages around the world have developed their own version of “huh?’’ because the sound is quick and simple to form，as well as being easily understood．
The researchers，said that it might seem unimportant to carry out scientific research into a word like “huh?"’ but in fact this little word is an essential tool in human communication．They also have an answer for those who claim that ‘‘huh?’’ isn’t a word．They say that it qualifies because of the small differences in its pronunciation in different languages．It also can be considered a word because it’s something we learn to say，rather than a grunt or cry that we are born knowing how to make．
小题1:According to researchers，the word “huh?” is very important in speech because of .| A．its important function in communication | | B．its simple and easy sound and spelling | | C．its popularity in every language | | D．its stable meaning in language development |
小题2:If you hear someone you’re speaking to say “huh?”, what should you do?| A．You should apologize to her for speaking in a low voice． | | B．You should invite her to share her different views politely． | | C．You should try to say what you’ve just said again in a clearer way． | | D．You should ask her to repeat what she says before that. |
小题3:The main method used in the research of “huh?” was_____________．| A．comparing different words with the same meaning in different languages | | B．interviewing language experts in universities | | C．talking with people from ten different countries | | D．analyzing the recorded conversations in different languages |
小题4: According to researchers，‘‘huh?” should be considered a word rather than a sound because __________ .| A．it is pronounced quite differently around the world | | B．it is something humans learn to say | | C．there is a clear and consistent spelling of the word | | D．it is listed in most dictionaries |
|
Do you scream on a roller coaster ride? You slowly climb up a steep slope until an almost vertical(垂直的) drop, and then... Ahhhhhhhh! Thrill-seekers like me are in luck because theme parks are pushing the boundaries of technology to create the fastest, tallest, scariest roller coasters the world has ever known.
Alton Towers in Britain opened the world"s first 14-1oop roller coaster a few months ago, called The Smiler. Over in Abu Dhabi, Ferrari World claims to have the world"s fastest one. Ferrari World"s Formula Rossa ride sends out passengers from 0-240km/h in just 4. 9 seconds. During this rapid acceleration they experience G-forces only fighter pilots usually feel: Up to 4. 8G. The designer of several rides at Alton Towers, said: "While we can stand 6-8Gs for very short periods of time, ff we experience 5G for more than five seconds we"re likely to "black out."
On modern roller coasters passengers experience about 3G in tight turns and loops. But while we may have reached the limit in terms of G-forces, there is no technological limit to how fast or how high roller coasters can go---it"s all down to money. Alton Towers" The Smiler cost ~18m to build.
Some companies are finding other ways to keep us amused. There"s a move towards indoor rides where the experience is improved by audio-visual technologies. For example, a company called Dynamic Structures is currently developing a "coal-mine-themed" ride for a client in Dubai that will combine speed and G-forces with 3D projection effects and robotics, which will trick your brain into thinking you"re really falling.
I can"t wait to enjoy this one. What about you: Do you like being upside down?
小题1:The underlined phrase "black out" in the second paragraph probably means .... .| A．stop breathing | B．lose consciousness for a short time | | C．lose memory forever | D．bleed to death |
小题2: We can learn from the passage that __| A．all the theme parks are creating the fast roller coasters | | B．the Smiler sends out passengers from 0-240km/h in just 4.9 seconds | | C．it is unusual for fighter pilots to feel up to 4.8G | | D．the more the money is spent, the faster the roller coaster can go |
小题3: The feature of the "coal-mine-themed" ride is| A．3Dtechnologies | B．indoor rides | C．G-forces | D．dynamic structures |
小题4: What is the best title for the passage?| A．The Fastest Roller Coaster | B．The Smiler and G-forces | | C．Screaming for Fun | D．The New Technology |
|
Should we allow modern buildings to‑ be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic (经济的) reasons-why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的)and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people"s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward . If we always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves . Thus , I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different , even though that might be the more risky choice.
小题1:What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?| A．Some of them are not attractive. | | B．Most of them ate too expensive to preserve. | | C．They are more pleasing than modern buildings. | | D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. |
小题2:Which of the following is true according to the author ?| A．We should reproduce the same old buildings. | | B．Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. | | C．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. | | D．No one understands why people speak against new buildings. |
小题3:By “move things forward ” in the last paragraph , the author probably means“ ”| A．Destroy old buildings | | B．Put things in a different place | | C．Choose new architectural styles | | D．Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings |
小题4:What is the main purpose of the passage?| A．To explain why people dislike change. | | B．To warn that we could end up living in caves. | | C．To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. | | D．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. |
|
Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies.
The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today. It started off with the girl mourning her mother’s death and going to her tomb three times a day. In addition, there were only birds that helped Cinderella; there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice, nor was there mention of a horse and carriage.
The stepsisters were cruel: they always threw Cinderella’s food into the ashes of the fire and made her sleep on the ashes on the floor, hence（因此）her name.
In the original story, the king’s ball actually lasted for three days. With the help of the birds, the girl, beautifully dressed, danced with the prince on all three nights and the prince fell in love with her. However, she broke away from him to rush back home each night. On the last night, the prince placed soothing sticky on the stairs; as Cinderella made her escape, a shoe got stuck on it.
Here now is where the story becomes unpleasant: when the prince went to the house looking for the girl whose foot fit the shoe, the wicked(邪恶的) stepmother told one of her two daughters to cut off her big toe to fit into the shoe. The daughter did as told. So the prince took her away to be his bride. But when they passed the tomb of Cinderella’s mother, the birds called out to the prince,
“Turn and peep, there’s blood in the shoe;
the shoe is too small, the true bride waits for you.”
Realizing he had been tricked, the prince returned the daughter to her mother. The other then had to cut off part of her heel in order to fit into the shoe, with the same result. Only Cinderella’s foot fit perfectly and so the prince chose to marry her. The story ends with the wedding day: as Cinderella’s two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king’s riches, two birds flew by and plucked(啄) out their eyes. Because of their wickedness and falsehood, they had to spend the rest of their days blind.
The original Cinderella is so different from the Disney version. Thank goodness Disney made such changes; it indeed was a wise move.
小题1:What dose the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to?| A．Such wonderful things. | | B．Other well-loved characters. | | C．Old fables. | | D．Cartoon movies. |
小题2:How did Cinderella get her name?| A．The Birds came up with it. | | B．It was given by Disney. | | C．It came from the word “ash”. | | D．She got it from her mother. |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the original story?| A．Helpful mice got Cinderella a beautiful dress. | | B．The ball was held to celebrate the prince’s wedding. | | C．Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose. | | D．The birds told the prince that he had been cheated. |
小题4:The moral of the original story is that ____________.| A．a wicked person cannot escape punishment. | | B．a devoted person certainly deserves respect. | | C．a well-behaved child earns a great reward. | | D．a dishonest child cannot get mother love. |
小题5:What does the author think of the Disney version?| A．Excellent. | B．Ordinary | C．Dull. | D．Ridiculous. |
|
最新试题
热门考点