Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of many colleges and universit
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Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were all started before the American Revolution made the thirteen colonies(殖民地) into states.
In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men attended colleges. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.
In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers(律师) could receive their training in Harvard’s law school. In 1852, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German, as well as Latin and Greek. Soon it began teaching American history.
As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects that interested them.
Special colleges for women were started. New state universities began to teach such subjects as farming, engineering and business. Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are divided into smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There is so much to learn that one kind of school cannot offer it all.
小题1: Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were the names of the _______ in America.| A．states | B．cities | C．universities | D．colonies |
小题2:As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach _______.| A．everything that is known | B．many new subjects | | C．French and German | D．farming |
小题3:The title of this passage should be _______.| A．Famous Harvard University | | B．American Universities | | C．The Changing of American Universities | | D．The American Revolution |
小题4:Which statement does the passage lead you to believe?| A．The early schools are still much alike. | | B．There is more to learn today than in 1636. | | C．All the early students worked harder. | | D．Students in modern America learn only science. |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了美国几个名牌大学的发展经过，主要以时间为线索可以看出美国大学的变化过程。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were all started before the American Revolution made the thirteen colonies(殖民地) into states.可知Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth都是美国大学的名字。选C。
小题2:细节题：从第四段的句子：As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects.可知大学开始教授新的知识：答案是：B
小题3:主旨题：从整篇文章看文章以时间为线索介绍了美国大学的变化。选C
小题4:细节题：从最后一段的内容：There is so much to learn that one kind of school cannot offer it all.可知现在比1636年要学的东西更多。选B |
举一反三
When someone says, “Well，I guess I’ll have to face the music”， it doesn’t mean that he is planning to go to hear a singer or attend a concert. It is something far less unhappy than you are called in by your leader to explain why you did this and that or why you did not do this or that.
At some time or another, every one of us has to “face the music”, especially as children. We can all remember father’s angry words “I want to talk to you”. And only because we did not listen to him. What a bad thing it was！
In the middle or at the end of every term, we students have to “face the music”. The result of the exam will decide whether we will face the music or not. If...that means parents cold faces and contempt (轻视) of the teachers and classmates.
“To face the music” is well known to every American, young or old. It is at least 100 years old. It really means that you have to do something, no matter how terrible the whole thing might be, because you know you have no choice.
小题1:“To face the music” means “to__________”.| A．do something that we don’t like to | | B．go to the theatre | | C．go to the music show | | D．do something that we want to |
小题2:In the third paragraph， “If…”really means “If__________”．| A．we don’t do a good job | B．we get an “A” in the exam | | C．the exam is easy | D．the exam is difficult |
小题3:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?| A．“To face the music” is well known in the United States． | | B．“To face the music” has a history of more than 100 years． | | C．The young Americans know what “to face the music” means． | | D．Only the old in the United States know the meaning of “to face the music”． |
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This word “gift” is an example of a false friend--- a word that looks the same in two languages, but which actually has two different meanings. As English is basically a mixture of German, French and Latin, there are many words that are similar in these languages. For example, the English word “education” is “education” in Spanish. And the English words “word, book, nine, house” are “Wort, Buch, Neun, Haus” in german.
These similar-looking words can be very helpful when learning other languages --- they’re our “friends”. However, sometimes they can turn out or be “false friends”. Here are a few examples.
In English, someone who is “sensible” thinks before they act and shows good judgement. For example , “The sensible thing to do would be to consult a lawyer.” However, in Spanish, “sensible ” means “sensitive” (showing understanding of other people’s problems, needs or feelings).
The English word “coin” refers to a piece of money made of metal. For example, “I had a few coins in my pocket.” But the French word “coin” means “corner”.
The English word “library” is a place where you can go to borrow books. For example, “I borrowed six books from the library.” But the Spanish word “libreria” refers to a bookshop (where you buy books).
The English word “actually” means “in fact”. For example, “Actually I’m not Italian, I’m form American.” But the Spanish word “actualmente” means “currently” or “at the moment”.
Finally, the English word “embarrassed” means “ashamed”. For example, “They looked a bit embarrassed.” However, the Spanish term “embarazada” means “pregnant” (with a child).
小题1: We can learn from the first two paragraphs that English _______.| A．is easy to master | | B．is simpler than Spanish | | C．has a complex background | | D．has changed greatly throughout history |
小题2: Which of the following pairs of words are true friends according to the author?| A．Nine and Neun. | B．Library and libreria. | | C．Actually and actualmente. | D．Embarrassed and embarazada. |
小题3: According to the text, in Spanish ______.| A．“coin” means “corner” | | B．“gift” refers to something negative | | C．“educacion” simply means “book” | | D．“sensible” doesn’t necessarily means “wise” |
小题4: The author develops the text mainly by ______.| A．following the order of space | B．comparing different ideas | | C．providing typical examples | D．analyzing the cause and effect |
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Tourism probably started in Roman times．Rich Romans visited friends and family who were working in another part of the Roman empire．But when the empire broke down, this kind of tourism stopped．
In the early 17th century, the idea of the “Grand Tour” was born．Rich young English people sailed across the English Channel（英吉利海峡）．They visited the most beautiful and important European cities of the time, including Paris in France, and Rome and Venice（威尼斯）in Italy．Their tours lasted for two to four years, and the tourists stayed a few weeks or months in each city．The “Grand Tour” was an important part of young people’s education—but only for the rich．
In the 18th century, tourism began to change．For example, people in the UK started to visit some towns, such as Bath to “take the waters”．They believed that the water there was good for their health．So large and expensive hotels were built in these towns．
In the 19th century, travel became much more popular and faster．When the first railways were built in the 1820s, it was easier for people to travel between towns, so they started to go for holidays by the sea．And some started to have holidays in the countryside as cities became larger, noisier and dirtier．
Traveling by sea also became faster and safer when the first steamships were built．People began to travel more to far-away countries．
The 20th century saw cars become more and more popular among ordinary people．Planes were made larger, so ticket prices dropped and more people used them．
Thus tourism grew．In 1949, Russian journalist Vladimir Raitz started a company called Horizon Holidays．The company organizes everything—plane tickets, hotel rooms, even food—and tourists pay for it all before they leave home．The package tour and modern tourist industry was born．
The first travel agency in China was set up as early as 1949．But tourism did not take off until 1978．In 2002, the industry was worth 500 billion Yuan and became an important part of China’s social development．
小题1:In the early times, the travelers __________．| A．all came from Roman | | B．had lots of money | | C．were very young and strong | | D．traveled by boat |
小题2:Which of the following is true？| A．The young men learned little from Grand Tour． | | B．Tourism became faster and safer when the first railways were built in the 18th century． | | C．More people chose planes for its cheap price． | | D．In 2002, tourism became a significant part of China’s social development． |
小题3:_________played the most important role in the tourism development．| A．Education | B．Transportation | C．Money | D．People’s ideas |
小题4:Modern tourism was born ___________．| A．in 1978 | B．in Roman times | C．in the early 17th century | D．in 1949 |
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A fellow speaker from California named Geri flew to Japan, in her favorite jeans and a casual jacket, to give her first speech. Fourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at Narita Airport. Smiling and bowing low, they handed her their business cards. With her bag in one hand, Geri took their cards with the other. She thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pocket quickly.
When the five of them arrived at the hotel, they invited Geri to tea in the lobby (大厅). While sipping tea, the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. She was thrilled with the gift and shouted excitedly, “Oh, it’s beautiful!”
At this point, the four Japanese gentlemen stood up and, bowing only very slightly, said “Sayonara” and left immediately. Poor Geri was left astonished. What did she do wrong?
Everything! Her jeans were the first gaffe. Even if you’re coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet c1ients (客人) casually dressed. The second mistake was Geri’s handling of their business cards rudely. In Japan, the business card is one of the most important communicative tools. It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly. In Japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. You chat about each other’s cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping. Putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.
Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. In a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse, Geri hadn’t even given them a gift!
小题1:In the four Japanese gentlemen’s eyes, Geri took their cards _____________.| A．excitedly | B．embarrassingly | C．politely | D．disrespectfully |
小题2:Why did the four Japanese gentlemen leave Geri suddenly?| A．Because they couldn’t bear Geri’s behavior any longer. | | B．Because they had finished the task. | | C．Because Geri had something more important to do. | | D．Because Geri felt embarrassed. |
小题3:What does the underlined word “gaffe” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?| A．ignorance | B．sadness | C．mistake | D．carelessness |
小题4:The third mistake Geri made was that she _____________.| A．used her own card as a conversation starter | | B．took her clients’ cards with one hand | | C．kept her clients’ cards in a wrong place | | D．met her clients in jeans |
小题5:What lesson can we draw from this story?| A．Honesty is the best policy. | | B．Think twice before you take any action. | | C．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. | | D．Don"t claim to know what you don"t know. |
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Businesses put lots of time and money into new plans, programs and excellent employees with the hope things will change. Yet, at the end of the effort, not much changes. What happens?
In most cases, those new plans, programs and employees enter a company with an existing culture (文化). And plans, programs and new employees have a way of conforming to(顺应)the existing culture. The culture of your business is the result of a particular mindset, or a particular way of thinking and the general feelings about certain things. Most often, it is the mindset of the founder or people managing the business.
The founder has gotten to where he is because of his skill sets, knowledge base and personal beliefs, which unfortunately all come with inherent (固有的)limits. Why Skills, knowledge and beliefs come from what he or she already knows or has experienced. In other words, it comes from the past. We (people) try to make the past fit the future. Just because something worked in the past, doesn"t mean it is suitable for the future. As the saying goes, if you do and think what you have always done and thought, you will have what you have always had.
Therefore, lasting changes have to start with the way people think. To make changes in the way you think, you will be required to set goals beyond your basic abilities and continuously think them through. It is a way to train yourself and people to get out of the comfort zone where you feel happy with your knowledge and skills.
小题1:Which question does the author try to answer?| A．What past experience is useful for businesses | | B．How much time is needed for making plans | | C．How can changes be made in businesses | | D．What kinds of employees are the best |
小题2:Where does the business culture mainly come from?| A．The founder | B．The progress | C．The new employees | D．The collective effort |
小题3:What does the author think about the mindset of the company leader?| A．It can prevent the enrichment of experience | | B．It is useful far skill and knowledge learning | | C．It is important for personal beliefs build-up | | D．It may limit the company"s development |
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