I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has 36
题型：不详难度：来源：
I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has 36 me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earlier 37 , my mother was telling me “Don’t watch the 38 when you say, ‘I’m sorry’. Hold your head up and look at the person in the 39 , so he’ll know you 40 it.”
My mother thus made the key point of a(n) 41 apology: It must be direct. You must never 42 to be doing something else. You do not 43 a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 44 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your 45 . You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 46 , by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad 47 .
One of the important things we should do for an 48 apology is a readiness to 49 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 50 for the other person to 51 us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 52 about themselves. That , after all, is the 53 of every apology. It 54 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault. Answering for one’s 55 encourages others to take their share of the blame.
| 小题1: | | A．provided | B．mixed | C．compared | D．treated |
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| 小题2: | | A．dreams | B．courses | C．memories | D．ideas |
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| 小题3: | | A．side | B．ground | C．wall | D．bottom |
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| 小题5: | | A．imagine | B．enjoy | C．mean | D．regret |
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| 小题6: | | A．useful | B．successful | C．equal | D．basic |
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| 小题7: | | A．pretend | B．forget | C．refuse | D．expect |
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| 小题8: | | A．hold on | B．put away | C．look through | D．pick up |
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| 小题9: | | A．poorer | B．weaker | C．worse | D．lower |
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| 小题10: | | A．fault | B．reason | C．result | D．duty |
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| 小题11: | | A．cruelly | B．freely | C．roughly | D．foolishly |
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| 小题12: | | A．manners | B．excuses | C．efforts | D．roles |
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| 小题13: | | A．active | B．effective | C．extra | D．easy |
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| 小题14: | | A．raise | B．perform | C．admit | D．bear |
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| 小题15: | | A．situation | B．need | C．sign | D．room |
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| 小题16: | | A．advise | B．forgive | C．warn | D．blame |
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| 小题17: | | A．wiser | B．warmer | C．better | D．cleverer |
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| 小题18: | | A．purpose | B．method | C．end | D．advantage |
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| 小题19: | | A．cares | B．matters | C．depends | D．remains |
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| 小题20: | | A．facts | B．states | C．rights | D．actions |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:C
小题6:B
小题7:A
小题8:C
小题9:D
小题10:A
小题11:C
小题12:A
小题13:B
小题14:D
小题15:D
小题16:B
小题17:C
小题18:A
小题19:B
小题20:D |
解析
试题分析：本文讲述的是在人与人交往指的道歉的重要性，以及在道歉的时候我们要注意的一些事项。
小题1:A。动词辨析。A提供B混合；C比较D对待；provide … with意为“向……提供……”。
小题2:C。名词辨析。A梦想B课程C记忆D观点；紧接着的就是作者回忆出来的内容。
小题3:B。上下文串联。与后面提到的“要抬起头”正好相反。
小题4:D。考察常识。道歉时看着对方的眼睛，以示真诚，这一点在中西方文化是相同的。
小题5:C。语法分析。mean it意为“这样对方就会明白你有道歉的意思”。it在这里指道歉的行为。
小题6:B。上下文串联。冒号后的内容即为“成功的”道歉的一些基本特征。
小题7:A。动词辨析。A假装B忘记C拒绝D期待； pretend“假装”。根据情景和常识选定。
小题8:C。短语辨析。A坚持B收拾，整理C浏览D恢复；其他三个选项不合语境。
小题9:D。考察常识。职位一般论的是高、低。
小题10:A。名词辨析。Afault“过错（责任）”。B原因C结果D责任；turn out意为“后来证明是”。
小题11:C。roughly此处表示对待客人不礼貌，服务不到位。从前面的要不要道歉的讨论可以猜出这一答案。
小题12:A。上下文串联。bad manners 意为不礼貌的行为，从treat roughly这一信息不难推测出这一答案。
小题13:B。上下文串联。effective与successful有异曲同工之妙。
小题14:D。固定搭配。bear the responsibility（承担责任），系习惯搭配。
小题15:D。名词辨析。A情景B需要C迹象D空间；leave no room不留余地。
小题16:B。动词辨析。A建议B原谅C警告D责备；经常找借口，那么也就会不留余地让别人来“原谅”自己。
小题17:C。上下文串联。better表示“心情更舒畅”。未找借口的道歉，即真诚的道歉，对方的感觉一定很好。
小题18:A。上下文串联。道歉的最终“目的”是化干戈为玉帛，大家和好如初，所以用purpose。 end表示“目的”时用复数较多，而且不及purpose直接。
小题19:B。道歉者是全部还是部分承担责任这些都不太重要：关键是为所作所为主动负责，这也能促使别人共同承担责任。 根据语境不难排除另三个选项。
小题20:D。根据行文逻辑应该是对自己的“行动”负责。answer for在此意为“对……负责”。
点评：本文讲述的是在人与人交往指的道歉的重要性，以及在道歉的时候我们要注意的一些事项。考生在选择答案时要根据上下文的复现或同现以及这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词：原词、同义词、近义词、反义词等。 |
举一反三
For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans. 小题1: Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today, Strauss’ invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world.
Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829. 小题2: He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847. Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother’s dry goods business. This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention. After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortune.
Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals. Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners. At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth. 小题3: When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining, he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners. These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more.
In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets(铆钉). This made the pants last a long time. Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent. 小题4:
By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion.
小题5: The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss" company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world.| A．As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States. | | B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable. | | C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since. | | D．However, he did not get much business for those products. |
E. He also made a great contribution to America"s clothing industry.
F. Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture.
G. As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it. |
Of course, the main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork, but that’s only superficial. Besides, in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you’re in the country for the first time, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes.
The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served (unless in Guangdong style restaurants) to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.
Perhaps one of the things that surprise a western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always “public” chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it, just leave the food in the plate.
People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed. When you have had enough, just say so. Or you will always overeat!
小题1:What’s the main difference on dinner table between China and West is ___________.| A．On Chinese dinner table, chopsticks replace knife and fork. | | B．The host will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes. | | C．You’re treated to a formal dinner for the first time. | | D．You have your own plate of food in West while in China everyone shares the dishes. |
小题2:If you have a dinner in a Chinese home, in which order will the food be served in China?
a. a set of four cold dishes.
b. staple food such as rice, noodle or dumplings.
c. the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes.
d. serving soup.| A．acbd | B．cabd | C．acdb | D．cadb |
小题3:According to the passage, we can infer that ___________.| A．Chinese all think it impolite for guests to ask for a pair of knife and fork. | | B．Chinese think it impolite for guests to leave food in the plate. | | C．People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed. | | D．Chinese think it polite to put food into the plated of the guests with their own chopsticks. |
小题4:The sentence, in passage 2, “you should say so in good time” means ______________.| A．you should say so happily | | B．you’d better say so | | C．you should say so early | | D．you should say so kindly. |
小题5:The “public chopsticks and spoons” are used to ______.| A．show the politeness to the guests. | | B．put food into the plates of their guests | | C．share the food together | | D．show the genuine friendship and politeness |
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Exchanging music over the Internet is fun and easy. Better yet, it"s free, which means you don"t have to pay for any more expensive music CDs. Several online file-sharing services make it easy for music lovers to exchange their favorite tunes with one another.
However, this illegal sharing of music — a form of music piracy(盗版)— is doing harm to the music industry. Industry experts estimate (估计) that US$4.3 billion in worldwide sales was lost to music piracy last year. These lost profits could force record companies to stop producing the music of many popular artists. That would hurt both musicians and music fans alike.
Music producers are puzzled about how to fight music piracy. Their efforts to fight piracy using the law have had only limited success. The music industry did win a legal victory against Napster, a famous music website. The courts ordered Napster to stop giving away copyrighted music from their site. But a number of other music-sharing networks have sprung up in its place.
These new networks are made up of thousands, or even millions, of individuals. Unlike Napster, there"s no one company controlling the distribution(发行)of music over each network. So it"s nearly impossible to stop the illegal activities.
Now people in the music industry have decided that " if you can"t beat them, join them." They"ve begun to offer legal alternatives to online music piracy. Major music producers have given companies like Apple Computer permission(许可) to sell their music online. Apple"s iTune Music Store allows computer users to legally download any song for 99 cents.
Will these new measures save the music industry from piracy? That depends on whether music fans are willing to pay 99 cents fro a song that they can download illegally for free. Unfortunately, many people believe music should be free. The music industry, however, hopes to persuade these music fans to change their tune.
小题1:This text is written to _____.| A．discuss music piracy on the Internet | | B．introduce the popularity of online music | | C．persuade music fans to give up downloading music | | D．protect copyrighted music from being downloaded illegally |
小题2:Which of the following statements is NOT true?| A．Some online file-sharing services are responsible for music piracy. | | B．Napster, a famous music website, broke down because of its piracy. | | C．There have been no perfect measures to put an end to piracy. | | D．Legal sharing of music is available at Apple"s iTune Music Store. |
小题3:Which of the following statements would the author agree with?| A．The only effective way to fight music piracy is to stop it by law. | | B．Music lovers will be persuaded to pay for online music in time. | | C．It is certain that no one will be willing to pay for online music. | | D．There is a long way for music industry to go in fighting piracy. |
小题4:The underlined word "illegal" in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.| A．being protected by the law | B．popular | C．being against the law | D．surprising |
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Charlotte Hollins faces a battle. The 23-year-old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save farm that their father worked on since he was 14. Although confident they will succeed, she is aware of farming’s many challenges.
“You don’t often get a day off. Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices low. With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating,” she said. “There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!”
Like others around the world, Charlotte’s generation tend to leave the farm for cities.
Oliver Robinson, 25, grew up in Yorkshire. But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather’s land. “I’m sure Dad hoped I’d stay,” he said. “I guess it’s a nice, straightforward life, but it doesn’t appeal to me. For young, ambitious people, farm life is hard.”
For Robinson, farming doesn’t offer much “in terms of money or lifestyle”. Hollins agrees that economic factors stop people from enjoying the rewards of farming. He describes it as a career that provides “for a vital human need”, allowing people to work “outdoors with nature.”
Farming is a big political issue in the UK. The “Buy British” campaigns urge consumers not to purchase cheaper imported foods. The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms, stopped meat exports, and raised public consciousness about the troubles on UK farms.
Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s 2005 campaign to get children eating healthily also highlighted the issue.
This national concern gives hope to farmers competing with powerful supermarkets. While most people buy food from the big supermarkets, hundreds of independent Farmers’ Markets are becoming popular.
“I started going to Farmers’ Markets in direct defiance(违抗) of the big supermarkets. I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything－what exactly do they put on our apples to make them so big and red? It’s terrible,” said Londoner Michaela Samson, 31.
小题1:What are the challenges that British farmers face according to Charlotte Hollins?
a. loneliness b. thin profits
c. a lack of good equipment d. long working hours but slow results小题2:Why did Oliver Robinson refuse to stay on the farm?| A．He hoped for a simpler life | | B．He was fed up with a hard farm life. | | C．Farm life was too demanding though he liked it. | | D．He hoped for something challenging and rewarding. |
小题3:What happened in 2001 to the British beef farmers?| A．British people ate more British beef. | | B．To be a beef farmer became profitable. | | C．Diseaes dramatically reduced the amount of beef available. | | D．Foreign farmers stopped selling beef to Britain. |
小题4:Which of the following is an advantage of Farmers’ Markets?| A．Lower prices. | B．Flexible sizes. | | C．Convenient location. | D．Healthier food. |
小题5:What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?| A．Things are improving for independent farms in the UK. | | B．Farming in the UK can now match the powerful supermarkets. | | C．Most British people are doubtful of food in supermarkets. | | D．Most British people have realized the problems facing farms and begun to help save them. |
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In the UK, we like a good bargain. People flock to the sales in January, when stores slash their prices to get rid of all their winter stock. But surprisingly, the British hate haggling. In markets you might see the odd British person battling with a stall owner to bring down the price of a pair of trousers or some furniture. Generally, though, people from the UK are too reserved to haggle. If we think the price of something we want is too high, we’ll simply move on and try somewhere else.
The act of bargaining with someone is very theatrical, in my opinion. It’s a test to see who can stand their ground for the longest. But it is not in British people’s nature to “perform” in public, especially around strangers.
However, in the US, people are generally more willing to haggle. And if you wander into a market, you’re likely to hear a number of phrases that Americans reserve for such occasions.
First, “you drive a hard bargain” is commonly said by the customer to indicate they think the stall holder is working very hard, probably a little too hard, to get the price he wants.
Or you might hear the buyer telling a stall holder that “the kid’s gotta have braces”, which means they don’t have enough spare money lying around to afford the price being offered.
If the customer is really shocked at the price suggested by the seller, they also might say “you’re killing me” to indicate that they think the price is far too high.
In Britain, it’s difficult to imagine anyone saying anything along these lines. If I were forced to bargain, I’d probably say, very simply: “I’m going to make you an offer.” If that offer were refused, I think I’d just walk away.
小题1:The underlined word “haggling” can be replaced by _______.| A．arguing | B．bargaining | C．performing | D．insisting |
小题2:Why don’t the British haggle generally?| A．They don’t think it is polite behavior. | | B．They have sales every January. | | C．They can always get a better price somewhere else. | | D．They dislike openly expressing feelings or opinions. |
小题3:The underlined phrase “you drive a hard bargain” means_______.| A．the seller has a lot of deals on offer. | | B．the buyer will make a final offer | | C．the stall holder is too insistent | | D．the buyer doesn’t have a lot of spare money |
小题4:What’s the author’s attitude toward bargaining?| A．Negative. | B．Careless. | C．Positive. | D．Critical. |
小题5:How does the passage mainly develop?| A．By providing examples. | | B．By making comparision. | | C．By analyzing causes and effects. | | D．By following the order of importance. |
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