What is the difference between a college and a university? This is a good questi
题型：不详难度：来源：
What is the difference between a college and a university? This is a good question for students who want to attend a college or a university in the United States.
Colleges and universities have many things in common. Both provide a greater understanding of the world and its past. Both provide education in the arts and sciences. And both can help prepare young people to earn a living.
Students who complete their undergraduate studies either at a four-year college or a university receive a bachelor’s degree. One difference is that many colleges do not offer graduate studies.
Universities are generally bigger, offer more programs and do more research. Modern universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university” comes from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common purpose. The word “college” comes from a Latin word with a similar meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live in. Usually each group of students was studying the same thing. So college came to mean an area of study. But a college can also be a part of a university. The first American universities divided their studies into a number of areas and called each one a college. This is still true.
Programs in higher learning may also be called schools. The University of Arizona in Tucson, for example, has 18 colleges and 10 schools. They include the colleges of pharmacy (制药学), education, engineering and law. They also include the schools of architecture, dance and public administration.
College is also used as a general term for higher education. A news report might talk about “college students” even if they include students at universities. Or someone might ask, “Where do you go to college?”
Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. These are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They include language, philosophy and mathematics. The purpose is to train a person’s mind instead of teaching job skills.
小题1:The passage is probably written to _________. | A．persuade students to go to college instead of schools | | B．tell students the differences between colleges and universities | | C．help students make a better choice of what kind of colleges they should go to | | D．inform students about how much they are going to spend in going to college |
小题2:When the term “college students” appears in a newspaper, it may refer to ________.| A．only students studying in colleges | | B．students studying in colleges in the USA | | C．only students studying in universities | | D．students receiving higher education |
小题3:What can we learn from the passage?| A．Both universities and colleges include different schools. | | B．The purpose of liberal arts is to train a person’s job skill. | | C．Both universities and colleges can help prepare students to make a living. | | D．Most American universities have 18 colleges and 10 schools. |
小题4:The area of study called liberal arts is designed to _______.| A．get students ready to earn a living | | B．teach students subjects from engineering to philosophy | | C．help students achieve a stronger and clearer mind | | D．encourage more students to begin the study of arts |
|
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了college 和university的由来。并陈述了现在社会上两者存在的不同点。
小题1:这是作者意图题。根据What is the difference between a college and a university? This is a good question for students who want to attend a college or a university in the United States. ，作者写这篇文章的目的是向准备在美国留学的学生解释college和university的异同的。故选B。
小题2:这是细节理解题。文章倒数第二段解释了college students现在普遍指的是接受高等教育的学生。故选D。
小题3:这是细节理解题。Colleges and universities have many things in common. Both provide a greater understanding of the world and its past. Both provide education in the arts and sciences. And both can help prepare young people to earn a living. college和university都能给学生提供教育，帮助他们为以后怎样谋生做准备。故选C。
小题4:这是细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The purpose is to train a person’s mind instead of teaching job skills.”可得知答案C。
点评：阅读理解题目中的作者意图题目可以包括意图、态度、目的题目，在考试中出现的比率很大。不同的文章可能有不同的写作意图,但写作意图通常有以下三种：1）to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑） 2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）
根据文体类别推断写作目的这就要求我们了解在历年高考阅读题中，不同文体与三种写作意图类型的大致对应关系，这有助于做好此类试题。第一种写作意图（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。第二种写作意图（to persuade readers，to sell a product or a service），或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）。第三种写作意图（to inform readers）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。
本文的主题句是在开头。 |
举一反三
Homeownership has let us down. For generations, Americans believed that owning a home was undoubtedly good. Our political leaders hammered home the point. Franklin Roosevelt held that a country of homeowners was “unconquerable.” Homeownership could even save babies, save children, save families and save America. A house with a lawn and a fence wasn’t just a nice place to live in or a risk-free investment; it was a way to shape a nation. No wonder leaders of all political types wanted to spend more than $100 billion a year on subsidies（补助）and tax breaks to encourage people to buy.
But the dark side of homeownership is now all too apparent: Indeed, easy lending stimulated（刺激）by the cult of homeownership may have triggered（引起）the financial crisis. Housing remains a drag on the economy. Existing-home sales in April dropped 27% from the previous month, worsening fears of a double-dip. And all that is just the obvious tale of a housing bubble and what happened when it popped. The real story is deeper and darker still.
For the better part of a century, politics, industry and culture lined up to create a fetish of the idea of buying a house. Homeownership has done plenty of good over the decades; it has provided stability to tens of millions of families. Yet by idealizing the act of buying a home, we have ignored the downsides. In the bubble years, lending standards slipped dramatically, allowing many Americans to put far too much of their income into paying for their housing. And we ignored longer-term phenomena too. Homeownership contributed to the hollowing out of cities and kept renters out of the best neighborhoods. It fed America’s overuse of energy and oil. It made it more difficult for those who had lost a job to find another. Perhaps worst of all, it helped us become casually self-deceiving: By telling ourselves that homeownership was a pathway to wealth and stable communities and better test scores, we avoided dealing with these frightening issues head-on.
Now, as the U.S. recovers from the biggest housing bust（***）since the Great Depression, it is time to rethink how realistic our expectations of homeownership are—and how much money we want to spend chasing them. Many argue that homeownership should not be a goal pursued at all costs.
小题1:Political leaders wanted to spend money encouraging people to buy houses because______.| A．owning a home was undoubtedly good | | B．homeownership could shape a country | | C．houses could save families and America | | D．homeownership was unconquerable |
小题2:The underlined sentence in Para. 2 means ______.| A．homeownership has quite a lot of bad effects | | B．there might be another housing breakdown in the U.S. | | C．the existing-home sales will keep decreasing in the U.S. | | D．the result of homeownership is much worse than it appears |
小题3:It can be inferred from Para. 3 that ______.| A．Americans choose to live out of urban areas | | B．it is the way to wealth to have one’s own house | | C．it is hard for Americans to get a home loan | | D．homeownership has made many people out of work |
小题4:What is the author’s attitude towards homeownership?| A．Cautious. | B．Ambiguous. | C．Favorable. | D．Optimistic. |
|
Few people realize that there is a big difference between formal English and informal English. Formal English is used for most writing, and often in public speaking and formal meetings. It pays close attention to grammar rules, because if we use proper grammar, our meaning is often more precise. Also, on important occasions, we do not want to appear uneducated or to offend (冒犯) others, so we are very careful about how we speak. Informal English is used in speaking or writing to our friends and family. It often does not pay such close attention to grammar rules, because when we speak or write to them, we want our words to flow quickly. Also, with our friends and family, we are usually not so worried about appearing uneducated or about offending them by how we write or speak.
A big difference between formal and informal English is the use of contractions. A contraction is where we make a word shorter or where we put two words together and take away some of the letters. For example, instead of saying “do not”, many people say “don’t”. Using contractions in our speech is fine because it sounds natural, especially when we speak to our friends. In formal writing, however, contractions are usually avoided because people might think that you have made a mistake, or that you do not know proper grammar.
In the same way we might make words shorter, in informal English we often make sentences shorter as well. For example, if someone asks you your name, you will likely answer with one word: your first name. However, in formal English we usually use complete sentences. For example, we might write “My name is John”. In most speaking, we may not need to use every word in a sentence because the person we are speaking to will probably still understand us. In most writing, however, every word in a sentence must be written out in order to make sure that we can be understood.
小题1:When we use formal English, _______.| A．we will offend others | | B．we will appear educated on important occasions | | C．we needn’t pay more attention to grammar rules | | D．we can express ourselves more directly and more quickly |
小题2:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “precise”?| A．clear | B．direct | C．puzzling | D．simple |
小题3:Contractions are best used when we are _______.| A．speaking at a formal meeting | B．speaking in public | | C．speaking to our friends | D．writing an application (申请) letter |
小题4:In speaking, we do not always use complete sentences because ______.| A．we do not care about grammar | B．we do not want to sound stupid | | C．we can still be understood | D．we don’t want to waste time |
|
The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
小题1:What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?| A．The absence of blackboard in classroom. | | B．The use of new technologies in teaching. | | C．The lack of practice in handwriting. | | D．The popular use of smartphones. |
小题2:Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.| A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer | | B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper | | C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences | | D．discussed the importance of writing speed |
小题3:Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?| A．Spelling improves one’s memory of words. | | B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability. | | C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas. | | D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas. |
小题4:What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?| A．Window. | B．Soul | C．Picture | D．Imagination. |
小题5:What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?| A．Computers can help people with their choice of words. | | B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching. | | C．Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms. | | D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade. |
|
Most people buy a lot of gifts just before Christmas. But some people think we buy too much. They have started a special day called Buy Nothing Day. They don’t want anyone to go shopping on that day.
Buy Nothing Day is November 29. It’s 25 days before Christmas. It’s after Thanksgiving Day and often the first day of Christmas shopping. At this time, we see ads in Newspapers and on TV telling us to “buy, buy, buy!”
The idea for Buy Nothing Day started in Vancouver, British Columbia. Now people all over the world celebrate Buy Nothing Day. In California, parents and children get together to read stories, sing songs, and paint pictures. The children talk about why they don’t need a lot of toys. This year, in Manchester, England, people dressed up in costumes(统一服装) to tell people that we buy too much.
In Albuquerque, New Mexico, high school students wanted to tell other students about Buy Nothing Day. They organized a spaghetti dinner to give people information about Buy Nothing Day. They asked restaurants in the neighborhood to donate（捐赠） the food. They made posters and talked to other students about it. The dinner was a big success, and many students agreed not to buy anything on November 29. The students at high schools liked the idea of this new tradition. Next year, they want to have another dinner to tell more people about Buy Nothing Day!
小题1:Which of the following is NOT the day for people to celebrate Buy Nothing Day?| A．November 29. | B．25 days before Christmas. | | C．After Thanksgiving. | D．The first day after Christmas. |
小题2:People usually buy many gifts_______.| A．before Thanksgiving | B．on Christmas | | C．before Christmas | D．anytime |
小题3:How do people celebrate Buy Nothing Day?| A．In California, parents and children get together to play games. | | B．In England, people celebrate by performing plays. | | C．In Mexico, high school students dress up. | | D．They buy nothing and persuade others not to buy things. |
小题4:What did the students do in New Mexico for the day?| A．They donated the food of their own. | | B．They talked to others about it. | | C．They made some slogans（标语口号） for it. | | D．They organized a luxurious（奢华的） dinner. |
|
Community theatre is a theatre that is run by a local district with the efforts of volunteers. They offer many different kinds of productions, such as musical theatre, dance theatre and children’s theatre. Usually, performers are amateurs who receive no pay, but at other times professionals get involved, and they are paid. Community theatres of today are a little different from the old “little theatres”, as most simply run by colleges and their theatre Community theatres are a great way to get involved with local actors. Now, most theatres that put on shows that will entertain or benefit the community.
In the 1880s, “little theatre’’ was started in Europe so that poor people could see theatrical productions without having to travel far or pay a lot. In 1910, this idea traveled to the United States. In the early years, community theatres were even funded by the government, but when shows became too political, government funding was stopped.
Community theatres of today are a little different from the old “little theatres”, as mist simply want to infuse(注入)little culture into the lives of the local citizens. In many cases, these theatres are run by colleges and their theatre departments. These productions are often free of charge, or charge very little money to pay for costumes and other incidental expenses. Many also encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not do choose to get into trouble. Additionally, for those who desire strongly to become professional actors and to one day get a chance to act in a national theatre production, it is an exciting place to learn and develop theatrical skills.
小题1:Why was “little theatre” started in Europe?| A．To put on shows for children. | | B．To collect money for poor people. | | C．To entertain poor people. | | D．To get people interested in theatrical productions. |
小题2:From the passage we know that community theatres can _____.| A．help young people ,make more money | | B．prevent young people getting into trouble | | C．help young people enter the colleges | | D．encourage young people to become more responsible |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE about community theatre?| A．It is usually funded by the government. | | B．It is intended to train professional actors. | | C．It benefits the community in many ways. | | D．It is quite different from the old “little theatres”. |
小题4:We can infer from the last paragraph that _____.| A．some professional actors may come from the community theatres | | B．community theatres only charge for incidental expenses | | C．community theatres have lost their attraction today | | D．people can live by acting in the community theatres |
|
最新试题
热门考点