Few people realize that there is a big difference between formal English and inf

Few people realize that there is a big difference between formal English and inf

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Few people realize that there is a big difference between formal English and informal English. Formal English is used for most writing, and often in public speaking and formal meetings. It pays close attention to grammar rules, because if we use proper grammar, our meaning is often more precise. Also, on important occasions, we do not want to appear uneducated or to offend (冒犯) others, so we are very careful about how we speak. Informal English is used in speaking or writing to our friends and family. It often does not pay such close attention to grammar rules, because when we speak or write to them, we want our words to flow quickly. Also, with our friends and family, we are usually not so worried about appearing uneducated or about offending them by how we write or speak.
A big difference between formal and informal English is the use of contractions. A contraction is where we make a word shorter or where we put two words together and take away some of the letters. For example, instead of saying “do not”, many people say “don’t”. Using contractions in our speech is fine because it sounds natural, especially when we speak to our friends. In formal writing, however, contractions are usually avoided because people might think that you have made a mistake, or that you do not know proper grammar.
In the same way we might make words shorter, in informal English we often make sentences shorter as well. For example, if someone asks you your name, you will likely answer with one word: your first name. However, in formal English we usually use complete sentences. For example, we might write “My name is John”. In most speaking, we may not need to use every word in a sentence because the person we are speaking to will probably still understand us. In most writing, however, every word in a sentence must be written out in order to make sure that we can be understood.
小题1:When we use formal English, _______.
A.we will offend others
B.we will appear educated on important occasions
C.we needn’t pay more attention to grammar rules
D.we can express ourselves more directly and more quickly
小题2:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “precise”?
A.clear B.directC.puzzlingD.simple
小题3:Contractions are best used when we are _______.
A.speaking at a formal meetingB.speaking in public
C.speaking to our friendsD.writing an application (申请) letter
小题4:In speaking, we do not always use complete sentences because ______.
A.we do not care about grammarB.we do not want to sound stupid
C.we can still be understoodD.we don’t want to waste time

答案

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:C
解析

试题分析:本文介绍了正式英语和非正式英语的区别,它们的不同的用法。介绍了正式英语用合适的语法知识,完整的句子,能够清楚地表达出自己的意思。不会因误解而冒犯别人,或者让别人误认为你是未受过高等教育的;而非正式英语也有它的优点可以简明的表达自己的意思,常用在朋友与家人之间的对话。不用复杂的语法,用一个词或一个短语就能表达清楚。
小题1:这是细节理解题。根据Also, on important occasions, we do not want to appear uneducated or to offend (冒犯) others, so we are very careful about how we speak.用正式的语言,在一些重要的场合,我们不想让自己显得没有受过教育而冒犯别人。故选B。
小题2:这是词义猜测题。根据It pays close attention to grammar rules, because if we use proper grammar用了合适的语法,语言表达的清楚,容易让别人理解。故选A。
小题3:这是细节理解题。根据Using contractions in our speech is fine because it sounds natural, especially when we speak to our friends. 故选C。
小题4:这是细节理解题。根据In most speaking, we may not need to use every word in a sentence because the person we are speaking to will probably still understand us. 既然对方能听懂简略的答语,就没有必要再用整个句子来表达了,故选C。
点评:阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度,理解程度以及记忆能力等。要想获得满意的英语成绩,最根本的方法就是提高词汇量,加强阅读训练,同时熟悉一些阅读技巧和做题方法也是至关重要的。本文是比较容易读懂的,仔细阅读后能在原文找到正确答案。
举一反三
The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
小题1:What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?
A.The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B.The use of new technologies in teaching.
C.The lack of practice in handwriting.
D.The popular use of smartphones.
小题2:Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.
A.focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer
B.indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper
C.found that good essays are made up of long sentences
D.discussed the importance of writing speed
小题3:Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?
A.Spelling improves one’s memory of words.
B.Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C.Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D.Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
小题4:What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?
A.Window.B.SoulC.PictureD.Imagination.
小题5:What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?
A.Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B.Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C.Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.
D.Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

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Most people buy a lot of gifts just before Christmas. But some people think we buy too much. They have started a special day called Buy Nothing Day. They don’t want anyone to go shopping on that day.
Buy Nothing Day is November 29. It’s 25 days before Christmas. It’s after Thanksgiving Day and often the first day of Christmas shopping. At this time, we see ads in Newspapers and on TV telling us to “buy, buy, buy!”
The idea for Buy Nothing Day started in Vancouver, British Columbia. Now people all over the world celebrate Buy Nothing Day. In California, parents and children get together to read stories, sing songs, and paint pictures. The children talk about why they don’t need a lot of toys. This year, in Manchester, England, people dressed up in costumes(统一服装) to tell people that we buy too much.
In Albuquerque, New Mexico, high school students wanted to tell other students about Buy Nothing Day. They organized a spaghetti dinner to give people information about Buy Nothing Day. They asked restaurants in the neighborhood to donate(捐赠) the food. They made posters and talked to other students about it. The dinner was a big success, and many students agreed not to buy anything on November 29. The students at high schools liked the idea of this new tradition. Next year, they want to have another dinner to tell more people about Buy Nothing Day!
小题1:Which of the following is NOT the day for people to celebrate Buy Nothing Day?
A.November 29.B.25 days before Christmas.
C.After Thanksgiving.D.The first day after Christmas.
小题2:People usually buy many gifts_______.
A.before ThanksgivingB.on Christmas
C.before ChristmasD.anytime
小题3:How do people celebrate Buy Nothing Day?
A.In California, parents and children get together to play games.
B.In England, people celebrate by performing plays.
C.In Mexico, high school students dress up.
D.They buy nothing and persuade others not to buy things.
小题4:What did the students do in New Mexico for the day?
A.They donated the food of their own.
B.They talked to others about it.
C.They made some slogans(标语口号) for it.
D.They organized a luxurious(奢华的) dinner.

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Community theatre is a theatre that is run by a local district with the efforts of volunteers. They offer many different kinds of productions, such as musical theatre, dance theatre and children’s theatre. Usually, performers are amateurs who receive no pay, but at other times professionals get involved, and they are paid. Community theatres of today are a little different from the old “little theatres”, as most simply run by colleges and their theatre Community theatres are a great way to get involved with local actors. Now, most theatres that put on shows that will entertain or benefit the community.
In the 1880s, “little theatre’’ was started in Europe so that poor people could see theatrical productions without having to travel far or pay a lot. In 1910, this idea traveled to the United States. In the early years, community theatres were even funded by the government, but when shows became too political, government funding was stopped.
Community theatres of today are a little different from the old “little theatres”, as mist simply want to infuse(注入)little culture into the lives of the local citizens. In many cases, these theatres are run by colleges and their theatre departments. These productions are often free of charge, or charge very little money to pay for costumes and other incidental expenses. Many also encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not do choose to get into trouble. Additionally, for those who desire strongly to become professional actors and to one day get a chance to act in a national theatre production, it is an exciting place to learn and develop theatrical skills.
小题1:Why was “little theatre” started in Europe?
A.To put on shows for children.
B.To collect money for poor people.
C.To entertain poor people.
D.To get people interested in theatrical productions.
小题2:From the passage we know that community theatres can _____.
A.help young people ,make more money
B.prevent young people getting into trouble
C.help young people enter the colleges
D.encourage young people to become more responsible
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE about community theatre?
A.It is usually funded by the government.
B.It is intended to train professional actors.
C.It benefits the community in many ways.
D.It is quite different from the old “little theatres”.
小题4:We can infer from the last paragraph that _____.
A.some professional actors may come from the community theatres
B.community theatres only charge for incidental expenses
C.community theatres have lost their attraction today
D.people can live by acting in the community theatres

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When Steve Maxwell graduated from college, he had an engineering degree and a high tech job — but he couldn’t balance his checkbook. “I took one finance class in college but dropped it to go on a ski trip,” says the 45-year-old father of three, who lives in Windsor, Colorado. “I actually had to go to my bank and ask them to teach me how to read my statement.”
One of the biggest obstacles to making money is not understanding it: Thousands of us avoid investing because we just don’t get it. But to make money, you must be financially literate. “It bothered me that I didn’t understand this stuff,” says Steve, “so I read books and magazines about money management and investing, and I asked every financial whiz (能手) I knew to explain things to me.”
He and his wife started applying the lessons: They made a point to live below their means. They never bought on impulse, always negotiated better deals (on their cars,cable bills, furniture) and stayed in their home long after they went for an expensive vacation. They also put 20 percent of their annual salary into investments.
Within ten years, they were millionaires, and people were coming to Steve for advice. “Someone would say, ‘I need to refinance my house — what should I do? ‘A lot of times, I wouldn’t know the answer, but I’d go to find it and learn something in the process,” he says.
In 2003, Steve quit his job to become part owner of a company that holds personal finance seminars for employees of corporations like Wal Mart. He also started going to real estate investment seminars, and it’s paid off: He now owns $ 30 million worth of investment properties, including apartment complexes, a shopping mall and a quarry.
“I was an engineer who never thought this life was possible, but all it truly takes is a little self education,” says Steve. “You can do anything once you understand the basics.”
小题1:The underlined part “live below their means” (in Paragraph 3) probably means “______”.
A.take effective measuresB.live a miserable life
C.spend more money than they hadD.spend less money than they had
小题2:Since Steve Maxwell became a millionaire, he ______.
A.has been unwilling to help others
B.hasn’t stopped learning from practice
C.has been willing to follow others’ advice
D.has stopped to invest in houses
小题3:What would be the best title for the passage?
A.A self made engineer
B.How to balance your checkbook
C.Don’t avoid investing
D.Educate yourself to become a millionaire
小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A.self education is very important to one’s life
B.everyone should learn how to invest in their life
C.Steve Maxwell was quite interested in finance classes in college
D.Steve became rich because he saved every penny he had earned

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
One important variable affecting communication across cultures is destiny (命运) and personal responsibility. This refers to the degree to which we feel ourselves the masters of our lives, contrary to the degree to which we see ourselves as subject to things outside our control. Another way to look at this is to ask how much we see ourselves able to change and act, to choose the course of our lives and relationships. Some have drawn a parallel between the personal responsibility in North American settings and the view itself. The North American view is vast, with large spaces of unpopulated land. The frontier attitude of “King” of the wilderness, and the expansiveness of the land reaching huge distances, may relate to generally high levels of confidence in the ability to shape and choose our destinies.
In this expansive land, many children grow up with a heroic sense of life, where ideas are big, and hope springs forever. When they experience temporary failures, they are encouraged to redouble their efforts, to “Try, try again.” Action, efficiency, and achievement are valued and expected. Free will is respected in laws and enforced by courts.
Now consider places in the world with much smaller land, whose history reflects wars and tough struggles: Northern Ireland, Mexico, Israel, Palestine. In these places, destiny’s role is more important in human life. In Mexico, there is a history of hard life, fighting over land, and loss of homes. Mexicans are more likely to see struggles as part of their life and unavoidable. Their passive attitude is expressed in their way of responding to failure or an accident by saying “ni modo” (“no way” or “tough lick”), meaning that the failure was destined.
This variable is important to understanding cultural conflicts. If someone believing in free will crosses paths with someone more passive, miscommunication is likely. The first person may expect action and responsibility. Failing to see it, he may conclude that the second is lazy, not cooperative, or dishonest. The second person will expect respect for the natural order of things. Failing to see it, he may conclude that the first is forcible, rude, or big headed in his ideas of what can be accomplished or changed.
小题1:The author thinks that one’s character is partly determined by ________.
A.physical sensesB.general attitude
C.financial backgroundD.geographic characteristics
小题2:According to the passage, Mexicans would think that Americans are ________.
A.impracticalB.dishonestC.ambitiousD.hesitant
小题3:The underlined word “subject” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A.a topic of a discussionB.a branch of knowledge
C.a person being experimented onD.a person under the power of others
小题4:The author would probably agree that ________.
A.vast land may lead to a more controllable desire
B.heroic sense of life roots deeply in a small country
C.living in limited space contributes to an accepting attitude
D.fighting over land helps people gain high levels of confidence

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