Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibilit

Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibilit

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Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job.The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker.If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job"s wages, its holidays and its other benefits.
Job sharing differs from conventional (常规的) part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.    Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people.Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
As would be expected, most job sharers are women.A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain"s Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age.Subsequent studies have come up with similar results.Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status.Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs.However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position.Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones.In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.
小题1:.
In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?
A.Work sharing requires more working hours.
B.Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.
C.Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.
D.Work sharing depends on the employer"s decision.
小题2:.
According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because _____.
A.they sought higher social status
B.they were over ideal working ages
C.they had difficulty finding full-time jobs
D.they had to take care of both work and family
小题3:.
In job sharing the partners should _____.
A.enjoy equal social status
B.have similar work experience
C.keep in touch with each other
D.know each other very well
小题4:.
The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A.describe job sharing in general
B.discuss how to provide more jobs
C.recommend job sharing to women
D.compare job sharing with work sharing

答案

小题1:.B
小题1:.A
小题1:.D
小题1:.A
解析

举一反三
The first field season is now over at the hut village of the workmen who built the tombs in the Valley of the Kings. However,the archaeologists working on the excavation(挖掘)have found that they still have a great deal to do. The sun, the wind and tourists have left their mark on the village, originally discovered by Bernard Bruyhre in 1935.
“From our modern perspective,it is upsetting to see how the village was first excavated and then left to be destroyed. Passers-by have used the huts as rubbish dumps and restrooms,”says Jaana Toivari—Viitala, a teacher at the University of Helsinki.“Fortunately, while we still have some surface cleaning to do, conservation are off to a good start.”
The hut village offers rare insight into everyday life in ancient Egypt.
“In the early twentieth century,archaeologists were only interested in the tombs of kings. The workmen’s huts they discovered were seen as a necessary evil in the quest for the real treasures.”
“Now several international research groups on different excavations are examining everyday life and work in the Valley of the Kings. This seems to be a trend in archaeology right now.” Toivari-Viitala says.
Her research group wants to find out why the hut village was built on the slope of a mountain,halfway between the construction site and Deir-el-Medina. They are also interested in how many workers lived in the village at a time, when they lived there, and what their role was in the construction work.
“Comparing the names found in the village and in Deir-el-Medina provides useful information.Judging from the construction methods,settlement in the village can be divided into two separate periods: the initial settlement and a later one.”
For the time being,much is up to guessing, but Toivari-Viitala believes that the coming four field seasons, three months each, will see results.
“The working conditions are not nearly as difficult as I thought they would be. The cool winds in the mountains nicely alleviate the heat.”
The research group working on the “Workmen’s huts in the Theban mountains” project is planning to return to the Valley of the Kings in October.
小题1:.
What does the passage mainly talk about? ________
A.The hut village in the Valley of the Kings.
B.The excavation of the tombs in the Valley.
C.The archaeologists working on the excavation.
D.Everyday life and work in the Valley of the Kings.
小题2:.
Which of the following is NOT true of the hut village according to the passage? _______
A.It has been damaged a lot.B.It can tell us something about ancient Egypt.
C.It has attracted archaeologists’ attention.D.It has a lot of real treasures somewhere in it.
小题3:.
What’s the new trend in archaeology right now according to Toivari-Viitala?
A.Being interested in the tombs of kings.
B.Examining everyday life and work in the Valley of the Kings.
C.Using the huts as rubbish dumps and restrooms.
D.Guessing what the result will be beforehand.
小题4: We can infer from the passage that__________.
A.people know little about the hut village by now
B.the workmen’s huts were not discovered until very recently
C.the research group working on the workmen’s huts will suffer a lot
D.the hut village is much more valued by archaeologists than the tombs

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The small coastal town of Broome, in northwest Australia, is a remote village in the vast countryside.
There are no traffic jams and hardly any roads. There is only the massive Australian wild land, where some houses are 500 miles apart and some driveways are 50 miles long.
There seem to be only two main sources of entertainment out here: the sunset at the beach and Sun Pictures.
Sun Pictures is a very different movie theater:The seats are park benches and deck chairs, but you’re also welcome to sit on the grass.
It is the world’s oldest outdoor movie garden. Sun Pictures was built in 1916 on the other side of the globe from Hollywood. All the big films were shipped here and the lonely country was amazed.
Broome resident Pearl Hamaguchi has never traveled far from home. But in the Sun Pictures chairs, under the deep blue night sky, she has been almost everywhere.
“And we came back excited about Gregory Peck,” she recalled.
This is one of the few places left in the world where you can see two sets of stars at the same time-----one set in the sky, the other in the film.
Each night, dozens of people from around the world line up at the old wooden stand, with no computer in sight, and buy their tickets to the latest films.
Sun Pictures is also a museum, exhibiting projectors(放映机) that date back to the silent films, a portrait gallery of the famous people who never knew about this place---- even though they came here all the time.
Every once in a while, I’m told, you might find a non-ticket holder in your seat. That’s why it’s always a good idea to shake out your chair to make sure there are no spiders or scorpions.
“We’ve only had a couple of scorpion incidents but no one’s been stung yet,” said Aaron Mestemaker, a tourist visiting from Michigan.
Sun Pictures is a holy hall of movie history and a reminder that air conditioning and carpet are no match for grass and fresh air---even when the lizards steal the scene.
小题1:. The first two paragraphs want to show that__________.
A.living in Broome is inconvenient
B.the life in Broome is boring
C.few people like to live in Broome
D.Broome is simple but vast
小题2:.Sun Pictures is different from other theaters because _________.
A.it is the most historical outdoor theater in the world
B.the audience can either sit on chairs or on the grass
C.it was built by some constructor from Hollywood
D.all the films were imported here from Hollywood
小题3:. Gregory Peck is most probably the name of_________.
A.a placeB.a filmC.a movie starD.a country fellow
小题4:. It can be inferred that the tourists in Broome are most attracted by ________.
A.its peacefulnessB.its beautiful sunset
C.the Sun PicturesD.the gallery of movie stars

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There are many festivals in Argentina during the year. Therefore, you can enjoy the different interesting festivals when traveling there. First of all, we should talk about the Tango(探戈舞) Festival in Argentina, which is held in the capital of this country — Buenos Aires, from February to March. You ought to know that Argentina is the home of tango, so Argentineans admire this dance very much. Even if you cannot dance perfectly, you should join the people and try to perform this dance.
The next festival in Argentina is Open Polo(马球) Tournament. You should go to Palermo to see this festival in Argentina. This festival is held every year and is the most important polo tournament in Argentina. This kind of sport is considered the most important in Argentina. Attending this festival in Argentina, you will be able to communicate with different people, admire the fascinating competition between the teams of different countries, such as Argentina, England, Australia, as well as the US. This festival in Argentina is usually held between November and December every year. So don’t miss the opportunity if you travel to Argentina at this time.
The other festival in Argentina is the Semana Musical Llao Llao. This is a festival of classical music. The festival was created in 1993 and is held at the Llao Llao Hotel, near Bariloche. The festival is held yearly in October. So if you admire this kind of music, you should travel to Argentina in October. There are also many carnivals in October. There are also many carnivals in Argentina in summer. Of course, it’s impossible to put everything about festivals in Argentina into just one article. We hope that you have found this article interesting and eye-catching.
小题1:.
What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Travel to ArgentinaB.Entertainments in Argentina
C.Festivals in ArgentinaD.A brief introduction to Argentina
小题2:.
From the passage, we know that the Tango Festival   .
A.is organized by the governmentB.is held in summer
C.welcomes everyone to take part inD.holds parties for different dances
小题3:.
Which of the following is a sport festival?
A.The Semana Musical Llao Llao.B.Open Polo Tournament.
C.The Tango Festival.D.Argentina Carnivals.
小题4:.
If Tom wants to enjoy a classical music event in Argentina, he should visit   .
A.Buenos Aires in springB.Palermo in April
C.Bariloche in OctoberD.Palermo in winter

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How to Be Polite at a Dinner Party?
It’s not polite to arrive at a dinner more than 15 to 20 minutes late. The host or hostess usually waits for all the   21  to arrive before serving the meal. If someone is late,the food may be spoiled(变味),and   22  may the host or hostess’ spirits.If you have to be  23  , call and tell them to start   24  you.
It’s even worse to be early! The host or hostess will probably not be   25  .If you are early,drive or walk around the block a few times,or just sit in your car until the right time.
    Though it’s often   26  to arrive at a party on time,on the other hand,the host or hostess  27   guests to arrive and leave between certain times,so you can  28  at any time between the times he or she gives you.
It’s nice to bring an empty stomach,but it’s even nicer to bring  29  present.The present should not cost a lot,or you might make the host or hostess  30   .Flowers,wine,or a box of candy will be fine.  31  bring money as a present.In an introduction,the 32  of a name is:(1)the given name;(2)the family name.In other   33  ,the given name comes   34  . It’s important not only to learn and remember  35  ,but to repeat them often in conversation.After the introduction,we usually call friends by their  36  names.Older people may want you to call them by their titles and family names,such as “Mrs. Smith”,“Mr. Johnosn”,“Dr .Brown”.
A maiden(闺女)name is a   37  family name at birth. In the United States and Canada,after a woman   38  ,she takes the family name of her  39  in place of her maiden name.It is now becoming common,however,for women to 40  their maiden names after they get married,
小题1:.
A.guests B.visitorsC.customsD.passengers
小题2:.
A.orB.so C.butD.yet
小题3:.
A.tiredB. hungryC.1ate D.early
小题4:.
A.withoutB.forC.withD.after
小题5:.
A.awakeB.readyC.up D.friendly
小题6:.
A.uselessB.impossibleC.unable D.important
小题7:.
A.forcesB.invitesC.begs D.orders
小题8:.
A.playB.flyC.arriveD.start
小题9:.
A.a bigB.a smallC.a good D.an expensive
小题10:.
A.pleasedB.satisfied C.interested D.uneasy
小题11:.
A.NeverB.AlwaysC.Do D.Be sure to
小题12:.
A.spellingB.callingC.orderD. pronunciation
小题13:.
A.wordsB.1ettersC.idioms D.sentences
小题14:.
A.1astB.firstC.finallyD.in the middle
小题15:.
A.expressionsB.appearancesC.names D.addresses
小题16:.
A.givenB.familyC.middle D.pen
小题17:.
A.gentleman’sB.boy’sC.woman’s D.man’s
小题18:.
A.worksB.marriesC.bears D.dies
小题19:.
A.husbandB.motherC.fatherD.sister
小题20:.
A. stopB.give upC.keep D.find

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Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary.
Important words to learn:E Essential I improver A Advanced
Pump noun [C] DEVICE 1 A a piece of equipment which is
used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place
gas pump SHOE2[USUALLY PLURAL]US (UK COURT SHOE)
8 type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of
fastening it to the foot which is worn by women
3 [USUALLY PLURAL]  type of flat shoe, like a BALIET dancer’s shoe when is worn by women 4 [USUALLY PLURAL]UK a flat·shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sports.
verb LIQUID/GAS1 [T USUALLY·ADV/PREP] to force
liquid or gas to move somewhere:our latest machine can
pump a hundred gallors a minute , o The new wine is
pumped into stirage tanks.o The heart pumos blood
through the arteries/round the body. INFORMATION2[T]
INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direce:She was pumping mefor details of the new projece.
Idioms pump sb’s hand to SHAKE someone’s hand (="hold" their hand and move it up and down, especiallyIn order to greet them)·pump lron INFORMAL to lift
Heavy weights for exercise: These days both men andWomen pump iron far fitnets.
Pharsal verbs pump sth into sth to spend    
Money trying to make something operate succesfully:
They had been pumpinh money into the business for someYears without seeing any results.
Pump sth out(M)REMOVE1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump:We took turnspumping out the boat.PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAPPROVINGto produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated, forceful and continuous: The government keeps pumpingout the same old propaganda.O The car radio waspumping out music with a heacy beat.
Pump out sth someone’s stomach is pumped out, aPoisonous substance is removed from it by being-sucked
Through a tube. She had to go to hospital  Stomach pumped out.
Pump sth up [M] INFORMAL to make someone feel morecontident or excited: He was offering them advince andtrying to pump them up.O[R]The players were pumpingthemselves up by singing the national anthem, before thegame.
Pump sth up[M]1 to fill something with air using a  pump: Have you pumped up the balloons yet?O I must pump the tyres up on my bike.2 INFORMAL to increase
something by a large amount:The US was able to pump up exports.O Let’s pump up the tolume a bit!
Pump-action /pamp ek/ n/adjective describes a device which operates by forcing song     especially air ,in or out of a closed space or container, a pump-action shotgun , a pump   action   
Pump priming noun specialized the activity of helping a business ,programm ,economy    etc   to  develop by  giving it money.  The government is carding small,pump-priming grants to single moter who are starting their own businesses.
Punnoun a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sound like another word:she made a couple of dreadful puns.  This is a well-known joke based on a pun “What’s  black and white and red   all  over   A newspaper
Verb  to make a pun
Punch
Noun      (c)a forceful hit with a fist (="closed" hand) she gave him a punch lik on us in the nose effect
2 U the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people ,I felt the performance speech presntation lacked punch DRnk  3  a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices pieces of frut and often wine or other alcoholic drinks tool  4  a piece of equoce  which cuts boles in a maena by pushing a piece of met through it a ticket punch have you seen the hole puneh anywhere?
Verb(t) hit 1  to hit someone or something with your FIST (="closed" hand);He punched him in the stomach.2 MALY US to hit with your fingers the bugins on a telephone or the kdys on a keys on a keyboard USE TOCL make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper  .This belt’s too big .I’ll have to punch an extra hole in it.
Idioms punch sb’s lights out informal to hit someone repeatedly very hard punch the clock us to put a card into a special machine to record the times you amive at and leave work:After 17 years of punching the clock,he just disappeared one morning and was mever heard from again.
小题1:What does the word“pump”mean in “He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case”?
A.Talk withB.ask for information.
C.Listen toD.Provide with evidence
小题2:When Sally says“The TV propram kept pumping out commercials”,she may be______.
A.excitedB.interested
C.annoyedD.annoyed
小题3:What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program?
A.sums of moneyB.Raw materials
C.informative and significantD.intereing and powerful
小题4:When Sylvia says“His speech was OK but it had no real punch”,she thinks it was not_____.
A.fluent and impressiveB.logical and moving
C.informative and significantD.interestitng and powerful

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