Do you know what it means when somebody tells you that he had “a catch-22 experi
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Do you know what it means when somebody tells you that he had “a catch-22 experience”?
The phrase “catch-22” comes from a book of the same title by the American writer Joseph Heller published in 1961. Catch-22 is a book of black humor. The author uses silly and even surreal(超现实的)events. It has a non-linear narrative structure(非线性的叙述结构)in which events follow the theme rather than the timing, to give us a very strange picture full of contradictions(矛盾).
The story takes places in a bomber base in Italy during World War II. The main character, Captain Yossarian wants to leave the war. Unfortunately, every time he completes the number of tasks to be sent home, the number is raised and he is forced to continue fighting. It seems hopeless for him to go home under the very strange rule in this Air Force-catch-22: only when a soldier goes crazy can he be allowed to go home. But he has to go to the hospital to show the doctors that he is crazy. However, if he tells them he is crazy but is obvious healthy, he cannot go home. In short, catch-22 is“heads I win, tails I lose. If you can you can’t; and if you can’t, you can.”Whenever you try to behave correctly in a crazy world. There’s a catch(潜在的困难).
During the Vietnam War, the phrase“catch-22”became a popular term for being caught in a lose-win circular dilemma and is now commonly used. The Oxford English Dictionary explains catch-22 as“a set of circumstances in which one requirement, etc, is dependent upon another, which is in turn dependent upon the first.”
60. Which of the following statements is right?
A. Catch-22 is one of Heller’s experiences during World War II.
B. Catch-22 is one of Yossarian’s experiences during the Vietnam War.
C. The events in catch-22 follow the theme.
D. The events in catch-22 follow the timing.
61. Why did Captain Yossarian fail to leave the war?
A. He wasn’t so anxious to leave the war.
B. He didn’t finish his tasks.
C. He was put into a catch-22 situation.
D. He wasn’t mad enough to be sent home.
62. The phrase“catch-22”came into being_____________.
A. in World War II B. in the Vietnam War C. in the 1950s D. in the 1960s |
答案
CCD |
解析
60. 第一段：It has a non-linear narrative structure(非线性的叙述结构)in which events follow the theme rather than the timing, to give us a very strange picture full of contradictions(矛盾).
61. 第二段：Whenever you try to behave correctly in a crazy world. There’s a catch(潜在的困难).与C项符合
62. 第一段：The phrase “catch-22” comes from a book of the same title by the American writer Joseph Heller published in 1961. |
举一反三
The peoples of the Scandinavian countries share a lot in common for geographical reasons. But there are more of differences than similarities between them in all ways，including their drinking customs.
A superficial① observer might think that no one in Norway drinks wine. Meals eaten in restaurants or at home are usually washed down with tea, coffee or milk. Occasionally however，pale or dark ale② is drunk. It can be ordered only in restaurants, where it is served only with food.
Excellent quality beers are made in Jutland and consumption is high. After beer, brandy is the favorite drink. Aalborg schnapps made from corn and potatoes, is famous for its high alcoholic content. For the Danes, brandy is also an aperitif③ and is often drunk before meals. For a foreigner, the practice of surrounding toasts here can be uncomfortable. If he accepts one toast then he will have to accept all others, and it is difficult to drink six or seven glasses of brandy unless one is used to it. Ladies are fortunately excluded from these rounds and they drink only a grape juice with almost no alcoholic content.
It is milk instead of liquor that is the principal④ Finnish table drink. More milk is drunk by the Finnish people than in any other nation. In Finland the sale of alcohol is a state behavior and a check is kept on consumption by recording purchases on special card issued to all customers.
As there is a difference between Swedish cooking in the south and that in the north because of the difference in soil and climate, their drinking habits are also different. In the north alcoholic beverages⑤ are considered a necessity because they keep out the cold. While in the south people have milder drinks. But generally speaking, too much drinking is rare in Sweden, partly because it is against the law.
Sale of spirits is controlled, the Swedes drink much coffee and tea. Many people still prefer the old-fashioned coffee served in large cups with cakes. Tea is so popular in Sweden that it has been called the Swedish national drink.
Notes:
① superficial adj. 表面上的
② ale n. 麦牙酒
③ aperitif n. 开胃酒
④ principal adj. 最重要的；主要的
⑤ alcoholic beverage n. 烈酒
1. The passage mentions the following subjects EXCEPT ______.
A. drinking habits B. table manners C. sales of spirits D. drinking time
2. According to the passage, which of the following is the Swedish national drink?
A. Tea. B. Brandy. C. Aperitif. D. Grape juice.
3. Which of the following people like milk more than other drinks?
A. The German people. B. The American people.
C. The Finish people. D. The French people.
4. It can be inferred that if a foreigner isn’t good at drinking brandy, he ______.
A. would like to invite ladies to have a party
B. is unwilling to have a surrounding toast
C. would like to accept others’ toasts
D. will often drink milk instead of brandy |
Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from dying out. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching (偷猎), it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, for instance, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sports. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them because of the economic benefit involved.
This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption in these developing countries, some observers are skeptical that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers.
There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephants --- allow logging companies to cut down certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest.
Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. Because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need funds from logging, there are few regulations and motive to do this.
One solution might be to confirm wood comes from sustainably managed forests. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so force logging companies to go "green" or go out of business. Unfortunately, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times more --- an increase that consumers, no matter how "green", are unlikely to pay.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true in understanding the "sustainable management"?| A．Sustainable management is usually used in commercial units. | | B．Sustainable management is more powerful than laws. | | C．We will probably meet many problems in the course of applying sustainable management. | | D．It is likely that sustainable management will replace the laws in protecting living things. |
小题2:The example of Zimbabwe is mentioned in the first paragraph is to ________.| A．prove that sustainable management is ineffective | | B．explain what sustainable management is | | C．show that tourism there is booming | | D．illustrate that people there are good at making money with elephants |
小题3:The phrase "go green" in Paragraph 5 probably means _______.| A．a company begins to make money instead of being in red | | B．making the forests always green in color | | C．operating in ways which do not damage the environment | | D．starting from the very beginning |
小题4:What is the passage mainly about?| A．What environmental protection mainly include. | | B．The feasibility (可行性) of sustainable management in environmental protection. | | C．Different people’s attitudes towards sustainable management. | | D．How people can protect animals and plants. |
小题5:What attitude does the author take towards the sustainable management?| A．Positive. | B．Pessimistic. | C．Negative. | D．Uncertain. |
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The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals.
During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.
The local and visiting Italian dogs are anxious to run after hares. The crowd is on its feet for the camel races. Camels and riders run far into the distance, and then return to the finish Line in front of the cheering people.
Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horserace. All the riders run very fast on horseback. Some riders hang off the side of their saddles. Some even ride upside down -- their legs and feet straight up in the air -- all at full speed. Others rush down the course together, men arm in arm, on different horses. On and on they went. SO fast and so wonderful!
小题1:The Sahara Festival is a festival which________.| A．has a very long history in North Africa | | B．is held in the same place on the same day | | C．is attended mainly by the people in the Sahara | | D．is celebrated mostly by travelers from different countries |
小题2:Before the races begin, ________ take part in the activities during the opening ceremonies.| A．musicians, dancers, horses and hares | | B．camel riders, musicians, dogs and hares | | C．horsemen, dancers, camels and dogs | | D．musicians, officials, camels and horses |
小题3:The underlined word "finale" in the fourth paragraph most probably means the _______of the opening day.| A．first part | B．middle | C．last part | D．whole |
小题4:This passage mainly tells readers_______.| A．what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival | | B．how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival | | C．what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival | | D．how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival |
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Everyday we go to school and listen to the teacher, and the teacher will ask us some questions. Sometimes, the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class. When you are telling others in the class what you have found out about these topics, remember that they must be able to hear what you are saying. You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat（闲谈）with friends—you are in a slightly unnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent, waiting to hear what you have to say. You must speak so that they can hear you—loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying to shout of appearing to force yourself.
Remember, too, that it is the same if you are called to an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a government official who might meet you. The person you are seeing will try to put you at your ease（轻松）but the situation is somewhat（一点儿）different from that of an ordinary conversation. You must take special care that you can be heard.
小题1:When you speak to the class, you should speak ________.| A．as loudly as possible | B．in a low voice | | C．loudly | D．forcefully |
小题2:Usually, when you speak to the class, the class is __________.| A．noisy | B．quiet | C．having a rest | D．serious |
小题3:The situation in the class is ________ that in your house.| A．not very different from | B．sometimes the same as | | C．sometimes not the same as | D．not the same as |
小题4: If you are having a conversation with an official, the most important thing for you is _______.| A．to show your ability | B．to be very gentle | | C．to make sure that you can be heard | D．to put the official at ease |
小题5:The main idea of this passage is ________.| A．that we must use different ways at different situations | | B．that we must speak loudly | | C．that we must keep silent at any time | | D．that we must talk with the class |
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The total on advertising spent on the Chinese mainland last year rose by 25 per cent over 2003, a survey shows.
Expense reached US$23 3 billion, including television and print media, the survey/vas released by CTR Market Re-search on February 23, 2005.
The cosmetics and toiletries化妆品) sector was ranked No.1 in spending with US＄4.8 billion, an increase of 34 percent.
Advertising can be seen as the "weather glass" of the overall development of the country"s economy, said Tian Tao, deputy general manager of CTR..
"The results of the survey reflect strong economic development in the country," Tian said.
"One of the most interesting-findings from the survey is that local and foreign mobile phone manufacturers reacted quite differently in terms of advertising spending," Tian said.
Most local mobile phone manufacturers had decreasing advertising expense while the foreign ones saw significant growth, Tian said.
Researchers also found that advertising on so called functional drink categories(种类) increased while milk makers decreased after a clear increase in advertising spending in 2003.
The survey also includes figures from Hong Kong and Taiwan, advertising expense in Hong Kong reached US $ 4.8 billion, an increase of roughly 15 per Cent from the previous year. Taiwan advertising spending reached US $15 billion, up roughly 27 per cent from the previous year.
In Hong Kong, the top three advertising categories were household and toiletries~ banking and investment services, and cosmetics.
In Taiwan, the top three advertising categories were real estate(房地产) , automobile and financial institutions.
小题1:The first largest advertising spending on the Chinese mainland in the year 2004 was .| A．real estate | B．household | | C．the cosmetics and toiletries | D．automobile |
小题2:Advertising can be seen as the "weather glass" of the overall development of the country"s economy because the rise of the advertising spending reflects strong __.| A．agricultural development in the country | | B．trade development in the country | | C．industrial development in the country | | D．economic development in the country |
小题3:According to the passage, the advertising expense on __ dropped in the year 2004.| A．most foreign mobile phones | | B．most local mobile phones | | C．so-called functional drink categories | | D．banking and investment services |
小题4:According to the passage, the growth. rate on advertising spending of __ is the fastest.| A．the Chinese mainland | B．Hong Kong | C．Taiwan | D．Macao |
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