The largest-ever chariot pit (战车坑) of relics with carts and horse bones has been

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The largest-ever chariot pit (战车坑) of relics with carts and horse bones has been discovered in Henan Province. It may lead to the uncovering of chariot pit groups that could be a key to understanding Chinese civilizations that existed more than 2,000 years ago.
Experts said the relics are dated more than 300 years earlier than the famous warriors (武士) in Shaanxi Province. What excited the experts were two other projects that located two huge pits with similar features.
“It is absolutely a miracle. These relics indicate that there could be a tomb group in this area, which is likely to be important for China’s archaeological (考古学的) studies,” said Ma Juncai, a leading relic researcher in the province.
In ancient China, carts, sheep, spoons and so on were buried to ensure that dead people had a happy afterlife. The number and quality of the sacrifices indicated the social status of the dead. The custom was carried into the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang’s tomb, located near Xi’an, the capital of Shaanxi Province, is accompanied by thousands of wood or clay figures of warriors and horses. The tomb is probably the most well-known.
The discovered pit measures 10.4 meters long, 8.4 meters wide and 5 meters deep. It holds 20 carts in different sizes. The smallest one is 1.05 meters long and 1.3 meters wide.
Experts think that 40 horses are likely to be found as well. Careful plans need to be made to deal with the demanding uncovering. “The clay is very weak and a small misstep can destroy the whole project. That’s why we need to take every step very carefully to protect these cherished cultural relics,” Ma said.
小题1: What’s the passage mainly about?

A．The dead people’s sacrifices in ancient China.

B．China’s archaeological studies.

C．The discovery of a large chariot pit in Henan.

D．The history of Chinese civilizations.

小题2:According to Ma Juncai, the uncovering of the three pits is a miracle because _______.

A．it shows there may be a tomb group there

B．it’s helpful in discovering Emperor Qinshihuang’s tomb

C．the relics are dated such a long time ago

D．the relics are more than 300 years older than the ones in Shaanxi

小题3:It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ______.

A．all dead people had sacrifices in ancient China

B．the discovered pit is the most well-known in the world

C．the discovered pit dates back to the Qin Dynasty

D．Emperor Qinshihuang wanted to maintain his power after death

小题4:Careful plans for the uncovering are needed because ______.

A．another 40 horses are likely to be found as well

B．the whole uncovering could be destroyed easily

C．experts are too busy to spare time for it

D．the government hasn’t agreed to it

小题5:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The discovery has drawn the leading experts’ attention.

B．A lot of cultural relics have been discovered in Henan.

C．40 horses have been discovered together with the chariot pit.

D．The discovered carts in the chariot pit are similar in size.

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:A

解析

一次考古的重大发现再次见证了拥有悠久历史的中华文明。
小题1:主旨大意题。第一段点明了文章的主旨，根据第一段The largest-ever chariot pit relics … 可知，答案为C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据第三段These relics … in this area可知，答案为A。
小题3:根据文中的信息作出判断推理。第四段提到，陪葬品表明死者想确保死后继续过幸福的生活，而秦始皇陵墓有非常多的陪葬品，可见秦始皇想在死后继续拥有王权。
小题4:细节理解题。根据最后一段The clay is … whole project可知，答案为B。
小题5:推理判断题。根据第三段 … Ma Juncai, a leading relic researcher in the province可知，这个发现已经吸引了顶级专家的注意。

举一反三

The Spanish exploration was the beginning of the history of San Francisco Harbor. That long history is celebrated at the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park. The park’s main visitor center is only a few hundred meters from the waters of the great harbor. It is a memorial to the great ships and those who sailed them.
The visitor center holds many objects linked to the past of the great harbor. There are small ships, ship equipment, and hundreds of beautiful old photographs. Many visitors stop to look at a large painting of a huge sailing ship named the Balclutha.
Visitors who look at the painting can go out through the front door of the visitor center and see the real Balclutha. People walking near Fisherman’s Wharf often do not believe their eyes when they first see the Balclutha. Almost everyone stops and looks at the huge ship. The ship looks almost new. Several years ago, more than one million dollars was spent in repairing and painting it. Now, more than two hundred thousand people a year visit the ship.
The Balclutha is perhaps the most popular ship with visitors at the Maritime Park. However, there are also several other ships which are very important to the history of the great harbor. But not all of these ships are open to the public. One that is open is a small steam-powered workboat, called the Hercules. The Hercules was a tugboat. Until 1924 it pulled ships around the harbor.
Another boat popular with visitors is the Eureka. It was built in 1890. It is the largest wooden ship still floating today. The Eureka was a ferryboat. It carried people and cars across the bay. It did this until the Golden Gate Bridge and the Oakland Bay Bridge were built.
The park also has a very unusual looking museum. It is a large building that almost looks like a ship. The museum is filled with interesting equipment. One of the most interesting objects in the museum is a small sailboat called the Mermaid, which is only large enough for one person to sit in.
小题1:The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refers to _________.

A．the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park

B．the Spanish exploration

C．the main visitor center

D．San Francisco Harbor

小题2: What can we know about the Balclutha according to the passage?

A．It is the largest wooden ship.

B．It is worth about one million dollars now.

C．It is a steam-powered workboat used to pull ships.

D．The huge ship attracts lots of visitors every year.

小题3:The ships are described in the passage in order to _______.

A．show the history of the great harbor

B．tell us each ship has its own features

C．tell us which one is the most popular

D．tell us these ships’ functions

小题4: We know from the passage that ________.

A．the Eureka is still used for carrying people and cars

B．the Hercules has not been used for pulling ships since 1924

C．the Mermaid is a small tugboat that can only hold one person

D．most of the ships in the park are open to the public

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Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science, and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high-falutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we, at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden. But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume.” We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.
小题1: Taxation in Roman days apparently was based on
[A]. wealth. [B]. mobility. [C]. population. [D]. census takers.
小题2:The American Statistical Association
[A]. is converting statistical study from an art to a science.
[B]. has an excellent record in business forecasting.
[C]. is neither hopeful nor pessimistic.
[D]. speaks with mathematical exactitude.
小题3: The message the author wishes the reader to get is
[A]. statisticians have not advanced since the days of the Roman.
[B]. statistics is not as yet a science.
[C]. statisticians love their machine.
[D].computer is hopeful.
小题4:The “greatest story ever told” referred to in the passage is the story of
[A]. Christmas. [B]. The Mets.
[C]. Moses. [D]. Roman Census Takers.

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For many years, no one could communicate with people who had been born without learning. These deaf people were not able to use a spoken language.
But, beginning in the 1700s, the deaf were taught a special language. Using this language, they could share thoughts and ideas with others. The language they used was a language without sound. It was a sign language.
How did this sign language work? The deaf were taught to make certain movements with their hands, faces and bodies. These movements stood for things and ideas. A man might move his finger across his lips. This meant, “You are not telling the truth.” He might tap his chin (下巴, 下颚)with three fingers. This meant “my uncle”.
The deaf were also taught to use a finger alphabet（字母表）. They used their fingers to make letters of the alphabet. In this way, they spelled out words. Some deaf people could spell out words at a speed of 130 words per minute.
Sign language and finger spelling are not used as much as they once could. Today, the deaf are taught to understand others by watching their lips. They are also taught how to speak.
小题1:The passage is mainly about ___ .

A．how the deaf communicate with others

B．teaching the deaf to speak with their mouths

C．learning how to spell words with one’s hands

D．how sign languages came into being

小题2:From the passage we can infer that ___.

A．there is still no way to communicate with the deaf

B．the deaf must have special teachers to teach them

C．in order to make a living, deaf people must make signs

D．it is not very difficult for the deaf to learn sign language

小题3:How did sign languages help the deaf?

A．It helped them learn to read

B．The deaf could understand sign languages even if they had not learned them

C．It helped them to communicate with other people

D．It helped them speak with their mouths

小题4:Which of the following sentences do you think is right according to the passage?

A．Deaf people draw signs	B．Deaf people read with their fingers
C．Many deaf people now can speak	D．Deaf people can hear what others say now

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The twin towns of LAUFEN/OBERNDORF

Laufen owes its former economical and cultural significance to the river Salzach,which forms a peninsula with its sharp curves（弯） there.
Laufen’s economic boom began with the salt trade and the shipping on the river.The salt—mainly coming from Hallein and Bad Reichenhall—was loaded onto bigger ships downstream,which made Laufen one of the most important ports of shipment for salt in Salzburg and Bavaria.
The archbishop（大教主） of Salzburg had given special privileges to the people who were involved in the shipping of salt on the river Salzach.
The Napoleonic Wars brought occupation and serious disturbances.They brought the sudden end to the independent state of the Duke—Archbishop of Salzburg.The end of the 18th century brought a decrease in shipping because of the general economic situation.On the 1st May 1816 Salzburg definitively became a part of Austria （Munich agreement） that’s why the Salzach became the border between Bavaria and Austria.Laufen’s suburbs Oberndorf and Altach were divided up.The number of inhabitants fell from 1392 to 809.Even the re－unification of the two towns’shipsmen’s guilds（行会） and the reorganization of 1928 could not prevent the decline of shipping which finally came to an end in the late 19th century.
小题1:________played an important role in Laufen’s economy and culture life.

A．Salt

B．Shipment

C．Guilds

D．Theriver Salzach

小题2:The underlined word“boom”probably means________.

A．pleasant sounds

B．sudden increase

C．sudden decrease

D．trade

小题3:The main idea of this passage is mainly about ________.

A．how the economy declined in Laufen

B．the effects of The Napoleonic Wars

C．how the twin towns of LAUFEN and OBERNDORF came into being

D．the history of Salzburg

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If we say the four great inventions (Gunpowder,Compass,Paper and Art of Printing) reflected ancient China’s scientific achievements,then Zhaozhou Stone Bridge perfectly represented one of the greatest contributions to ancient China’s bridge building.Nobody was unfamiliar with the stone bridge full of legends and vivid folk stories.
The ancient Zhaozhou stone bridge started to be built in 590 during the Sui Dynasty (581～618) and established in 608.The pioneer for building the bridge was Li Chun who overcame unimaginable difficulties,undergoing all hardships.The location of the bridge is in Zhao County south,Hebei Province.It lay across the Xiaoshui River,far away from the mountains that provided rocky materials.In ancient times,it was such a busy,deep and wide river that could be used as an important carriage to transport heavy rocks and other materials.As we know,no train,no lifting machine could be used to move granite(花岗岩)blocks to the construction site.As an intelligent stonemason and engineer,Li Chun worked out his plan and design all from his own direct observation and investigation.It took his whole life-time in completing the great historical project inChina.Nowadays it is not only a historical remarkable model of architecture,but also a brilliant Chinese cultural crystallization(结晶) of wisdom.
The entire length of the bridge is 50.82 meters with 10 meters width.The whole stone bridge looks like a big bow,the span of which is 37.02 meters,and its height from the top to the surface of water at a regular position is 7.23 meters.The bridge arch seems to be moving smoothly and flatly.The whole arch consists of 28 big granite blocks connected each other tightly together.On both end sides of the general arch there are 4 smaller arches,2 of which on one side,the other 2 on the other side.The smaller arches could be used to decrease the weight of the bridge and save stone materials,and help flood get through easily,which seems to be much prettier.Such a hard-thinking and careful consideration of the engineering article is really a model of design and layout.The span was much wider than the other stone bridge in ancient times all over China.
Today Zhaozhou Stone Bridge is one of international cultural relics and perfectly protected and preserved by the concerned administration of China.
小题1:The best title of this passage is _________.

A．Great engineer in ancient China	B．Zhaozhou stone bridge
C．Four great inventions	D．How to build a bridge

小题2:The third paragraph mainly tells us _________.

A．the materials of Zhaozhou bridge	B．the structure of Zhaozhou bridge
C．the arches of Zhaozhou bridge	D．the importance of Zhaozhou bridge

小题3:The underlined word “carriage” probably refers to _________.

A．cart

B．transport

C．channel

D．resourse

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