阅读理解 Successful people in international business understand the cultures of
题型：同步题难度：来源：
change their practices in different cultures.They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions
based on misconceptions-mistaken ideas.
One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one"s own culture"s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures.It"s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business.To
avoid ethnocentrism, it"s necessary to study the different elements(组成部分) of culture: language, values
and attitudes,and customs and manners.
Language
A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways.First, people can communicate directly.Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who
speaks their language.Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not
said directly.Finally, knowing
the language helps people to understand the culture better.Values and Attitudes
Values are people"s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad.An
attitude is a way of thinking or acting.Values and attitudes influence international business.For example,
many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from
other countries, and they buy a lot of it.
Custom
s and MannersCustoms are common social practices.Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite.
For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad(色拉) before the main course at dinner,
not after.It"s not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table.Failure to understand the customs and
manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products.Orange juice as a breakfast drink of
an American company in France doesn"t sell well because the French don"t usually drink juice with
breakfast.
A. to be more open with their customers
B. to communicate without outside help
C. to express their thoughts
in
directlyD. to have a better idea of their own culture
2. The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of ________.
A. manners
B. values
C. attitudes
D. customs
3. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Misconceptions in Business
B. Basic Beliefs in Business
C. International Business
CultureD. Successful International Business
4. The author"s purpose of writing this article is to tell people ________.
A. how to take a right attitude in business
B. how to avoid misunderstandings in business
C. how to use a local language in business
D. how to act politely and properly in business
答案
举一反三
they receive their elementary (初等) and high school education by workin
g at home on computers.The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public "cyberschools", and that is about twice as many as two years ago.
The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they
live.Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools.They
also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.
Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed.These
people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools.They say
learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.
Whatever the judgment of cyberschools, they are getting more and more popular.For example, a new
cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall.It will serve
children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.
Children get free equipment for their online education.This includes a computer, a printer, books and
technical services.Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their
computers when necessary.
Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another.But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time.They were guests of honor at
their graduation.
A. They have to take long bus rides to school.
B. They study at home rather than in classrooms.
C. They receive money from traditional public schools.
D. They do well in traditional school programs.
2. What is a problem with cyberschools?
A. Their equipment costs a lot of money.
B. They get little support from the state government.
C. It is hard to know students" progress in learning.
D. The students find it hard to make friends.
3. Cyberschools are getting popular because ________.
A. they are less expensive for students
B. their students can work at their own speed
C. their graduates are more successful in society
D. they serve students in a wider age range
4. We can infer that the author
of the t
ext is ________.A. unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools
B. excited about the future of cyberschools
C. doubtful about the quality of cyberschools
D. disappointed at the development of cyberschools
are being changed into outdoor art.So far, more than 1,800 murals (壁画) have been
painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.
The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦) are now covered with beautiful pictures
of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP)．Its work
makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud.The program began
as part of Philadelphia"s AntiGraffiti Network.Jane Golden is the MAP"s artistic director."
When people ask me what our program is about," she says, "I answer them with one word:
hope." Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops.Some onetime
graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.
The MAP"s work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社区)．
When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop
a message.Some messages have been "Safe Streets","Love and Care" and "Peace Walk"
The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week.Last year, the workers
painted 140 murals.
"The making of a mural enters people"s collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant
moment in neighborhood history." says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.
B．MAP, a New Company in Philadelphia
C．Jane, an Excellent Mural Artist
D．Hope, One Wall at a Time
B．Protecting the neighborhood.
C．Fighting against graffiti.
D．Attracting more visitors.
B．By seeking advice from the city government.
C．By learning from the young graffiti writers.
D．By studying the history of the city.
B．Dangerous.
C．Experimental.
D．Successful
probably began in some form many centuries earlier than once thought. The findings, coupled with a
widening range of scientific and historical research, could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the
Silk Road.
The latest and most surprising discovery is pieces of silk found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy from
about 1,000 BC, long before regular traffic on the Silk Road and at least one thousand years before silk
was previously thought to be used in Egypt. Other research may extend human activity along this route
back even further, perhaps a million years to the migration of human ancestors into eastern Asia.
The official origin of EastWest commerce along the road is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC
when an agent of the Chinese Emperor Wudi retur
ned from a dangerous secret mission (使命) acrossthe western desert into the remote high country of Central Asia. The agent, Zhang Qian, travelled as far
as Afghanistan and brought back knowledge of even more distant lands such as Persia, Syria and a place
known as Lijien, perhaps Rome. Historians have called this one of the most important journeys in ancient
times. His journey opened the way for what have been thought to be the first indirect contacts between
the ancient world"s two superpowers, China and Rome. Chinese silk, first traded to central Asian tribes
for war horses and to the Parthians of old Persia in exchange for acrobats and ostrich eggs, was soon
fin
ding its way through a network of merchants to the luxury markets of Rome.But the new discoveries show that Chinese silk was apparently present in the West long before the
Han emperor started organized trade over the Silk Road. The research could change thinking about the
early history of world trade and provide insights into the mystery of just how and when Europe and the
Mediterranean lands first became aware of the glorious culture at the other end of Eurasia.
B. continued
C. doubled
D. combined
B. trade along the Silk Road began earlier than once thought
C. historical research often achieves fascinating results
D. new light can now be thrown on ancient trading practices
B. extended human migration into eastern Asia
C. began a million years ago
D. primarily benefited the Egyptians
B. he discovered the Silk Road
C. he helped establish EastWest trade
D. he travelled as far as Afghanistan
the world. War, weather, age, traffic and pollution damage these famous places. Looking after these places often costs more than one country can afford.
In the early 1970s, world governments decided that if they joined together, they would be able to
preserve our history. If every country paid some money, they said, it would be possible to look after
important historic places. Also, if they discovered that a monument needed urgent help, they would have
money for repairs. For these reasons, countries around the world united to form the World Heritage
Organization in 1972. Today, the organization helps to maintain and restore the most important places from our history.
However, one of the biggest problems for historic places is vandalism. People sometimes enter the sites and destroy or damage the buildings. At some sites, such as Stonehenge(巨石阵) in England, governments have built high fences to protect the site from vandals.
There are many different ideas about how to solve the problem of vandalism. Stone experts say that if
guards patrolled the sites, vandals would not be able to get in. Some experts say that if they fixed more
television cameras, they would not need so many guards. Other experts say that the best solution is
education. If people learned to respect history, they would not destroy or damage it. They would also want to spend money looking after old places. For this reason, the World Heritage Organization helps to spread information about the value of historic sites.
places are damaged?
B. pollution
C. war and climate
D. traffic
B. Guards patrolled the sites and they fixed more television cameras
C. People enter the sites and cause damage to the buildings
D. They collect as much money as they can to preserve the buildings
B. To form the World Heritage Organization
C. Too many guards are needed to prevent vandals getting in
D. To make people know more about the value of historic sites
at Nadi． On the other hand,Vatoa is a tiny i
sland in the farthest part of Fiji．Then there are 331 other islands,many of them with places to stay．
With 1ess than a million people living on islands,you"ll never feel crowded．And with a climate that
changes only for five degrees between seasons,there"s never a bad time to come.
From cities to villages,from mountains to beaches,from water sports to wooden artworks, Fiji can give
you more adventures and special experiences than you could find almost anywhere in the world.
Whenever you come, wherever you go ,you"re sure to see some unforgettable events．From War
dances to religious songs．From market days to religious days．It"s not just a stage for tourists；it"s still a
part of everyday life in Fiji．And any one of us can enjoy Fiji"s spirit being part of the traditional sharing of
yaqona,a drink made from the root of a Fiji plant．
So why not join us for the experience of a life?
B. In Sydney．
C. On the island of Vatoa．
D. On the island of Viti Levu．
B. They stick to a traditional way of life．
C. They like to travel from place to place．
D. They love taking adventures abroad．
B. its good weather all year round
C. its exciting football matches
D. its religious beliefs
B. In a science report．
C. In a travel magazine．
D. In a geography textbook．
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