阅读理解。 Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally
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| 阅读理解。 |
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from
coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount
of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological,
and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or
quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is
one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to
cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their
lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can
greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents" and coaches" criticisms to heart
and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become
work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of
learning the sport and other life lessons. In today"s youth sport setting, young athletes may be
worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game,
many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters" performances.
Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that
positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism
can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. |
| 1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ________. |
A. to make sports less competitive
B. to make sports more challenging
C. to reduce their mental stress
D. to increase their sense of success(C) |
| 2. According to the passage sport is positive for young people because ________. |
A. it can help them learn more about society
B. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
C. it enables them to find flaws in themselves
D. it can provide them with valuable experiences(D) |
| 3. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________. |
A. without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence
B. in order to make them remember life"s lessons
C. believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
D. so as to put more pressure on them(A) |
| 4. According to the passage parents and coaches should ________. |
A. help children to win every game
B. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
C. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
D. train children to cope with stress(B) |
| 5. The author"s purpose in writing the passage is ________. |
A. to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
B. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children
C. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
D. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout(B) |
答案
| 1-5: CDABB |
举一反三
| 阅读理解 |
From bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face a cold prospect of losing their jobs as a
global recession(衰退) starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through
a pay cut.
Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian companies try harder to preserve
jobs in difficult times, which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies survive at a time
of slowing exports. The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for companies to recover quickly
from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, but build up a more
loyal and devo ted group.
"In the Confucian mindset(儒家思想), the right thing to do is to share the burden, which is the sense
of collective responsibility. While in the West, it"s more about individual survival," said Michael Benoliel,
associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University (SMU).
In contrast, local Western companies from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off
workers by the thousands, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals or western units of Asian
groups, job cuts will probably be less severe.
Japan"s jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong
Kong"s was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last
month from below 5 percent in January.
Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap
will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best
practices of rivals(对手) from abroad. |
| 1. The underlined word "prospect" in the first paragraph most probably means _________. |
A. weather
B. scene
C. future
D. place |
| 2. Compared with job cuts, pay cuts can bring the following benefits EXCEPT that _________. |
A. it"s helpful to the economy recovery
B. it costs the company less money to survive
C. it will keep the experienced and skilled workers
D. it can form a team working harder and more loyally |
| 3. According to Michael Benoliel, the Confucian mindset focuses on _________. |
A. human rights
B. sharing responsibility
C. personal profits
D. individual survival |
| 4. In which company can we infer the job cuts will be probably the most severe? |
A. A local American group.
B. A small Japanese company.
C. A German branch of a Korean multinational.
D. A Hong Kong"s unit of a French company. |
| 5. The passage mainly tells us ________. |
A. the difficulties all the companies around the world will meet with today
B. the cultural differences between Eastern and Western world at present
C. the ways to cut down the cost of the companies in economic downturn
D. the different labor solutions of Asian and Western in global recession |
| 阅读理解。 |
The name "cowboy" conjures up many different images from movies, songs and TV. These imagined
cowboys range from white-hat-wearing heroes to gun-shooting hooligans(流氓).But, cowboys are
actually real people from US history?
When the US Civil War ended, many soldiers had no place to call home. So, they began to drift to
the country"s rural West. Ranchers(农场主) hired these men to take care of the cattle and work around
the ranch. When the ranch owner wanted to sell the cattle, the cowboys would round up the herd from
the open prairie(牧场) and drive the cattle miles to the market.?
With the invention of barbed wire(铁丝网),the cowboy era(1865-1890) began to come to an end.
But people in the East had always been curious about their lifestyle. Many country/western songs during
this time tried to capture the true cowboy spirit. Newspapers published cowboy tales in serial form and
adventure novels followed. The bigger the fiction, the better the sales. These novels often portrayed
cowboys as cruel and violent men. Cowboys carried the bad reputation for many years afterwards.
When movies began to be popular in the 1920s, the cowboy image changed again. Now, a cowboy
became the great white knight(骑士) that loved his horse more than the beautiful ladies he rescued. As
the cowboy of the "Old West" spent more time with his horse than the ladies, this era"s image was not
entirely false.
Then, in the 50s,Hollywood began producing so-called "spaghetti westerns(意大利西部片)".They
earned the nickname because Italian companies financed the films and TV shows. This started the
decade"s "Cowboy Craze". While this didn"t last long, it made modern country / western music, fashion
and dance extremely popular.?
In recent years, with the help of musicians, radio stations and bars, cowboy nostalgia(怀旧情绪) has
returned. Even though his image is still changing - somewhere between ballad singing country boy and
bar room fighter - there"s one thing for sure, you can"t keep the cowboy down.. |
| 1. The purpose of this story is to ______. |
A. introduce cowboy movies and novels?
B. introduce various productions associated with cowboys?
C. show the cowboy"s everlasting charm?
D. inform us about the cowboy"s spirit? |
| 2. Before they became cowboys, they ______. |
A. served in the army
B. worked as bar-room fighters?
C. owned ranches
D. were adventurous explorers? |
| 3. During "the cowboy era" mentioned in the story, _______.? |
A. the cowboy often came to the rescue of ladies in newspaper tales?
B. the distant Wild West appealed to people in the East?
C. cowboys were shown as cruel and violent men on the silver screen?
D. country music started the cowboy craze which swept the whole country |
| 4. By saying "you can"t keep the cowboy down", the writer means that ______. |
A. cowboys are real people in history
B. cowboys still fascinate people?
C. you can"t make cowboys unhappy
D. you can"t grasp the cowboy spirit |
| 5. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to? |
A. The cowboy has been presented in different lights in different eras.?
B. Cowboys are gun-shooting hooligans, without doubt.?
C. Cowboys have always been a passing phenomenon.?
D. Cowboys enjoy Italian foods, for example, spaghetti. |
| 阅读理解。 |
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was
still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with
the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns(酒馆), and hospitals, and by some forward-looking
city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to
refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New
York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families
for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a
precursor (前身) of the modern fridge, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox as not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century,
the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary
(未发展的). The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting
was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early
efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job.
Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation
(绝缘) and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track.
He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of
Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter
to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors
to pay a premium price(高价) for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One
advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market
at night in order to keep their produce cool |
| 1. Where was ice used after the Civil War? |
A. In refrigerating freight cars and households.
B. In hotels, taverns and hospitals
C. In families of New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.
D. In fresh meat, fish and butter by city dealers. |
| 2. What was essential to to make an icebox efficient according to the passage? |
A. Keeping the ice from melting
B. Knowledge of the physics of heat.
C. Balance of insulation and circulation
D. Making efforts to reduce the use of ice |
| 3. The second paragraph is mainly about_____ |
A. the deveopment of icebox
B. the theoretical foundation of icebox
C. the wrong ideas about icebox
D. the way of using icebox |
| 4. What can we infer from the text? |
A. Thomas Moore is the inventor of modern fridge
B. The butter produced by Thomas Moored is better in quality than other famers"
C. Knowledge of the physics of heat plays an important part in inventing a good icebox
D. Before 1880, most of the sold ice was used for family use. |
| 5. Without an ice box, farmers had to go to the market at night ________. |
A. to sell their produce at high price
B. to go home earlier
C. to keep their produce fresh
D. to win more customers than their competitors |
The first Olympic Games were held at Olympia, ancient Greece as early as 776 B.C.. The Olympic
Games were held once every four years to honor the Greek god Zeus. Sportsmen from many nations
took part in the games. The Greek Olympics did not have as many sports programmes as the modern
Olympic Games. There were only a short race—a race of about three miles and some other matches
such as jumping, boxing, etc.
During the games all wars stopped. Soldiers were allowed to pass safely through enemy lines on
their way to the games. The last Greek Olympics were held in 388 A.D.. Then the Roman rulers
ordered the games be stopped.
A Fren chman wished to renew the ideas of excellence of body, mind and spirit (精神) shown in
the ancient Greek Olympics. He believed that the Olympic Games would bring about healthy
competition among nations, so he decided to start the Olympic Games all over again. He succeeded.
In 1896, the modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece. Since then the Olympics have
been growing steadily (稳健地) with more and more nations and athletes taking part. They have
much more programmes than the Greek Olympics. Athletes of many nations compete in various kinds
of sports.
The Olympics have been held once every four years. They are held in a different city of the world.
But they were not held in 1916, 1940, 1944 because of the w orld wars. The Olympic flame burns
throughout the Games. It is the flame of peace. |
| 1. According to the passage, the ancient Greek Olympic Games lasted for ______. |
A. less than 1,000 years
B. more than 1,000 years
C. about 600 years
D. about 380 years |
| 2. The ancient Greek Olympic Games were held once every four years for the purpose of ______. |
A. training sportsmen
B. choosing the best athletes
C. honoring their god
D. winning peace between countries |
| 3. Modern Olympic Games are different from ancient Olympic Games in many ways except that modern Olympic Games ______. |
A. have more strict rules
B. are held in different places
C. are held e very four years
D. have more sports programmes |
| 阅读理解 |
There are many American expressions about insects-like bees, for example. Bees always appear
to be busy, moving around their homes, or hives. In fact, you might say your house was a beehive of
activity if your whole family was helping you clean. You also might say you made a beeline for
something if you went there right away.
Here is an expression about bees that is not used much any more, but we like it anyway. We think
it was first used in the nineteen twenties. If something was the best of its kind, you might say it was the
bee"s knees. Now, we admit that we do not know how this expression developed. In fact, we do not
even know if bees have knees!
If your friend cannot stop talking about something because she thinks it is important, you might say
she has a bee in her bonnet. If someone asks you a personal question, you might say "that is none of
your beeswax". This means none of your business.
Speaking of personal questions, there is an expression people sometimes use when their children
ask, "where do babies come from?" Parents who discuss sex and reproduction say this is talking about
the birds and the bees.
Hornets are beelike insects that sometimes attack people. If you are really angry, you might say you
are mad as a hornet.
Butterflies are beautiful insects, but you would not want to have butterflies in your stomach. That
means to be nervous about having to do something, like speaking in front of a crowd. You would also
not want to have ants in your pants. That is, to be restless and unable to sit still. |
| 1. When Tom spends his weekend cleaning his house, we can say he is as busy as ________. |
A. an insect
B. a hornet
C. a butterfly
D. a bee |
| 2. Which of the following expressions can NOT be often heard in daily life? |
A. Make a beeline.
B. That is none of your beeswax.
C. It"s the bee"s knees.
D. My house is a beehive of activity. |
| 3. When you say to Mary "you have a bee in your bonnet", what do you really mean? |
A. She should stop talking about something.
B. You care about her very much.
C. She is in danger and needs help.
D. What she talks about is really important. |
| 4. Which of the following would be discussed next? |
A. Some expressions about pigs.
B. Some expressions about noses.
C. Some expressions about bugs.
D. Some expressions about colours. |
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