Do you know how much your children sleep?According to the National Sleep Foundat
题型：不详难度：来源：
Do you know how much your children sleep?
According to the National Sleep Foundation, should sleep twelve to eighteen hours of every twenty-four. With a gradual to twelve to fourteen hours for toddlers(初学走路的孩子) one to three; eleven to thirteen hours for three to five; and ten to eleven hours for schoolchildren five to ten.
But things get really at adolescence. Not only do teenagers need more sleep than __---eight and a half to nine and a quarter hours a night, according to the sleep foundation - but the times which they get sleepy and are able to awaken and feel rested shift in a that does not match to the times at most schools.
Sleep studies have shown that the typical teenager does not fall asleep readily before 11 p. m. or later. many have to get up by 6 a. m. or to get to school for a class starts at 7:30 or 8 a.m. More than a few off during that class, and often the one as well. Even if awake, they"re in no condition to learn much of anything.
In one study, more than 90 percent of teenagers they slept less than the nine hours a night, and 10 percent said they slept less than six hours.
_ James B. Maas, a Cornell University psychologist and Leading sleep researcher, has observed, most teenagers are "walking zombies(僵尸)" they get far too little sleep.
| 小题1: | | A．children | B．newborns | C．elders | D．youngsters |
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| 小题3: | | A．reduction | B．increase | C．growth | D．improvement |
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| 小题4: | | A．teenagers | B．students | C．babies | D．preschoolers |
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| 小题5: | | A．related | B．separated | C．aged | D．varied |
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| 小题6: | | A．demanding | B．challenging | C．satisfying | D．encouraging |
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| 小题7: | | A．adults | B．toddlers | C．babies | D．schoolchildren |
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| 小题9: | | A．excitedly | B．early | C．casually | D．naturally |
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| 小题10: | | A．form | B．means | C．method | D．way |
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| 小题11: | | A．end | B．start | C．holiday | D．examination |
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| 小题13: | | A．nicer | B．earlier | C．cleaner | D．better |
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| 小题17: | | A．examined | B．surveyed | C．reported | D．convinced |
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| 小题18: | | A．regulated | B．recommended | C．analyzed | D．reported |
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| 小题19: | | A．Like | B．Since | C．As | D．Furthermore |
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| 小题20: | | A．because | B．which | C．while | D．still |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:D
小题5:C
小题6:B
小题7:A
小题8:C
小题9:D
小题10:D
小题11:B
小题12:C
小题13:B
小题14:A
小题15:C
小题16:A
小题17:C
小题18:B
小题19:C
小题20:A |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍不同年龄阶段的人需要的睡眠时间不同，特别指出年轻人的睡眠严重不足。
小题1:考查名词：A. children儿童，B. newborns新生儿，C. elders老年人，D. youngsters年轻人，从下文的：With a gradual 43 to twelve to fourteen hours for toddlers(初学走路的孩子) one to three; eleven to thirteen hours for 44 three to five;可知一开始是说新生儿，选B
小题2:考查介词辨析：A. from来自，B. with和，C. out外面，D. up向上，新生儿在每天的24小时中应该睡12到18小时，out of…在…里面，选C
小题3:考查名词：A. reduction减少，B. increase增加，C. growth增长，D. improvement提高，初学走路的孩子逐渐减少到12-14小时，选A
小题4:考查名词：A. teenagers年轻人，B. students学生，C. babies婴儿，D. preschoolers学龄前儿童，从下文的：schoolchildren 45 five to ten.可知三到五岁的学龄前儿童是11-13小时，选D
小题5:考查动词辨析：A. related联系，B. separated分离，C. aged年龄，D. varied不同，年龄在5-10岁的学生应该睡10-11小时。Aged做定语修饰schoolchildren，选C
小题6:考查形容词辨析：A. demanding苛刻的，困难的，B. challenging有挑战的，C. satisfying令人满意的，D. encouraging令人鼓舞的，从下文的内容，可知对年轻人来说事情是有挑战的。
选B
小题7:考查名词：A. adults成年人，B. toddlers学步的小孩，C. babies婴儿，D. schoolchildren学生，年轻人需要比成年人更多的睡眠，选A
小题8:考查介词辨析：A. in在…里面，B. on在…上面，C. at在…地方，D. for为了，而且他们感到困的时间，at修饰times，选C
小题9:考查副词辨析：A. excitedly令人兴奋地，B. early早的，C. casually随意地，D. naturally自然地，和能够自然醒来的时间，选D
小题10:考查名词： A. form形式，B. means意味着，C. method方法，D. way道路，方式，感到困的时间，能够自然醒来的时间和感到要休息的时候转换的方式和大多数学校开始的时候是不相配的，选D
小题11:考查名词：A. end结束，B. start开始，C. holiday假期，D. examination检查，这里指学校开始上课的时间，选B
小题12:考查连词辨析：A. Since自从，B. For为了，C. Yet然而，D. The然后，很多年轻人在晚上11点前是不能入睡的，但是他们在早上6点或更早要起床去上课。表示转折关系，选C
小题13:考查形容词辨析：A. nicer更好，B. earlier更早，C. cleaner更干净，D. better更好，这里指比6点更早，选B
小题14:考查定语从句，先行词是a class，定语从句中缺少主语，用that引导定语从句，选A
小题15:考查动词辨析：A. put放，B. take拿走，C. doze 打盹儿，打瞌睡，D. cut切割，很多学生在上课的时候会打盹，选C
小题16:考查形容词辨析：A. next下一个，B. other其他的，C. last最后的，D. new新的，下一节课也会打盹，选A
小题17:考查动词辨析：A. examined检查，B. surveyed调查，C. reported报告，D. convinced使…相信，在一个调查中，超过90%的年轻人报告他们的睡眠时间少于推荐的9个小时。选C
小题18:考查动词辨析：A. regulated调节，调整，校准，控制，B. recommended推荐，C. analyzed分析，D. reported报告，专家推荐年轻人每晚睡眠是9小时，选B
小题19:考查词义辨析：A. Like象，B. Since自从，C. As因为，正如，D. Furthermore还有，正如James B. Maas观察的那样，大多数年轻人象行走的僵尸，选C
小题20:考查连词：A. because因为，B. which哪里，C. while然而，D. still仍然，因为他们太困了，选A |
举一反三
Valentine’s Day, for many couples, means cards, flowers, and candlelight dinners. For most couples it also means withdrawing money at the ATM to express their love. Fortunately, there are ways to save money by saving energy — even during the date — so you can spend the money you save on the things that really matter to your sweetheart. Here are five easy tips for those couples out there who want to save energy and save money:
A fireplace is always a perfect background to set up holiday decorations because of the space it provides, in addition to the grand role it plays in the house as being an important part of each room. If you plan on spending your Valentine’s Day near the fireplace, be sure to prevent the heat loss and make sure of the chimney efficiency. If you never use your fireplace, plug and seal the chimney flue.
If you plan on having a nice, romantic dinner at home and want to set the mood with proper lighting, use energy efficient light bulbs that save you money, and look for bulbs that are lower in lumens. Lumens tell you the brightness of the bulb. The lower the lumens, the weaker the light.
For those who plan to cook that romantic dinner, there are some simple energy efficient ways you can prepare that meal. For example, did you know that if you’re baking in a china or glass dish, you can typically set your oven for 25 degrees less than the recipe calls for? Learn more about saving energy while cooking.
For those couples who would like to have a movie night, plug your TV and DVD into an electronic power strip to save money on your gas of the car. By plugging in electronic devices into a power strip and turning it off when not in use, you can save up to $100 per year.
If you plan on going on a romantic “escape” from your house by car, be sure to check out these tips to reduce fuel consumption and costs.
小题1:How do most people spend their Valentine’s Day according to the passage?| A．They make green trips by riding bikes or walking dogs. | | B．They go to visit their parents or grandparents together. | | C．They stay at home making delicious food for lovers. | | D．They spend money creating romantic environment. |
小题2:What does the author advise you to do when you use a fireplace that night?| A．Try to burn less wood by covering the chimney. | | B．Try to use more wood to produce more heat. | | C．Try to hold more heat by using it effectively. | | D．Try to make the room wetter than usual. |
小题3:What does the author advise you to do if you choose to have dinner at home?| A．Choose the bulbs without lumens. | | B．Choose the bulbs with lower lumens. | | C．Choose the small bulbs with higher lumens. | | D．Choose the colorful bulbs as many as possible. |
小题4:How should you cook meals according to the author?| A．Adjust electricity amount according to different dishes. | | B．Set the oven for 25 degrees higher than required. | | C．Try to cook all kinds of food with a china dish. | | D．Try to bake some cakes in a glass dish. |
小题5:What is the greenest way for you to see a film on Valentine’s Day?| A．Just watch a DVD at home. | B．Just see the film in the running car. | | C．Go to the nearest theatre by bike. | D．“Escape” from your house by car. |
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A dense wave of smog began in the Chinese city of Harbin and the surrounding Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces on 20 October 2013. Unseasonably warm temperatures with very little wind across northeastern China coincided with the smoke from local farmers’ burning straws and the start-up of Harbin’s coal-powered central heating system.
Record densities of fine particulates(微粒)were measured in the city. In Harbin, the levels of PM2.5 (particulate matter) rise to 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter, worse than Beijing’s historic highs. Visibility was reduced to below 50m in parts of Harbin, and below 500m in most of the neighbouring Jilin Province. On Fa Yuen Street in Harbin, visibility of less than 5m was reported. The smog reduced after October 23, 2013 and completely broke up on October 28, 2013 by the first local snow and icy rain due to a cold front moving in from Russia.
Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to -40℃, demanding a six-month heating season. Daily particulate levels of more than 40 times the World Health Organization recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin. The smog remained till 23 October, when almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin,and Liaoning Provincesreported readings above 200μg/m³forPM2.5. PM2.5 is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter in the air, with the WHO recommending a maximum 24-hour mean (平均值) of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³). On the morning of 25 October, PM2.5 measurements in Harbin had fallen to an average of 123μg/m³.
All highways in the surrounding Heilongjiang Province were closed. In Harbin, all primary and middle schools were closed for three days and authorities stopped flights at the airports. Hospitals reported a 23 percent increase in admissions for breathing problems. However, this smog will have no influence on Harbin Ice Festival events later in December 2013.
Air pollution in Chinese cities is of increasing concern to China’s leadership. Particulates in the air can affect human health and also have influences on climate and rainfall. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancy by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases.
小题1:One cause of the heavy smog in the northeastern Chinese cities may be _____.| A．the lasting cold weather | | B．farmers’ burning of forests | | C．too much strong wind | | D．the start-up of heating system |
小题2:One serious influence of the heavy smog was that_____.| A．Harbin Ice Festival would be cancelled | | B．highways in Heilongjiang were free of charge | | C．all flights at the airport were cancelled | | D．doctors in hospitals were kept from working |
小题3:The harmful smog was most serious on ______.| A．October 20 | B．October 23 | C．October 25 | D．October 28 |
小题4:What measure might be practical to reduce the happening of heavy smog?| A．Forbidding people to own their private cars. | | B．Advocating people having one meal a day. | | C．Using natural gas to cook instead of coal. | | D．Encouraging family’s coal-fired heating. |
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Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology(意识形态) that biology is destiny. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic(家庭的) duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand, men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”.
The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, house-hold helpers, clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. Informal distinctions between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.
Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearances.
So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is enough evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.
But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.
小题1:According to the biology-is-destiny ideology, women_______.| A．cannot compete with men in any field | | B．are suited more to domestic jobs than men | | C．are sensitive enough to be a good caretaker | | D．are too weak to do any agricultural work at all |
小题2:Those who have prejudices against women think that_______.| A．women shouldn’t go out for work | | B．women should earn money to add the family income | | C．women going out for work should only do “women’s work” | | D．women should take jobs to drill the special capabilities of the sex |
小题3:The author thinks that the positions women hold outside_______.| A．are determined by what they are better suited to | | B．grow out of their household responsibilities | | C．represent their breakthrough of sex discrimination | | D．are physically and emotionally suitable to them |
小题4:What does the underlined sentence imply?| A．Sex roles are socially determined | | B．Sex roles are emotionally and physically determined | | C．Sex roles are biologically and psychologically determined | | D．Sex roles are determined by education people take |
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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I hear a lot of people talking about New Year’s resolutions(新年计划). Some say, “I can’t keep them and I never make resolutions.” Perhaps the real is that we have trouble changing. We get in our way of life and even if things aren’t good, they are familiar.
As the years go by, our resolutions seem to lose some . In spite of the fact that my own eagerness seems to , I still like the idea of making resolutions. It is the of not giving up that is important.
I think of the year like a carpet of new fallen snow that has not yet been by footprints or marks of any kind. It before us so perfect and beautiful, but it won’t remain that way for long. we know it, we must get out in the snow and make our own marks and tracks. Soon, we will see all kinds of and paths in the snow. We will see everything from , icy mud to the prints of snow angels made by children at play.
It’s all part of our . As we close out the old year, a new set of months lies ahead of us and we think, “Maybe, just maybe I can do .” Perhaps, this time, we can lose those pounds, a bad habit, improve our behavior, build a better relationship. Even though there are situations in our lives that can get us , we can look forward to beginning again and doing what we can do to our lives according to how we are able.
As the New Year comes around, what kind of marks will you make in the ?
| 小题1: | | A．plan | B．idea | C．puzzle | D．problem |
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| 小题2: | | A．comfortable | B．curious | C．serious | D．painful |
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| 小题3: | | A．at most | B．at last | C．at least | D．at first |
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| 小题4: | | A．faith | B．enthusiasm | C．sense | D．confidence |
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| 小题5: | | A．increase | B．exist | C．decline | D．disappear |
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| 小题6: | | A．spirit | B．rule | C．challenge | D．decision |
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| 小题7: | | A．behind | B．between | C．around | D．ahead |
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| 小题8: | | A．discovered | B．noticed | C．damaged | D．cleared |
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| 小题9: | | A．stands | B．lies | C．comes | D．occurs |
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| 小题10: | | A．Although | B．Before | C．Until | D．If |
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| 小题11: | | A．prints | B．stones | C．plants | D．pictures |
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| 小题12: | | A．tidy | B．soft | C．dry | D．dirty |
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| 小题13: | | A．quality | B．attitude | C．belief | D．wisdom |
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| 小题14: | | A．better | B．worse | C．easier | D．harder |
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| 小题15: | | A．exact | B．final | C．extra | D．former |
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| 小题16: | | A．pick out | B．call off | C．cut down | D．give up |
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| 小题18: | | A．over | B．across | C．down | D．away |
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| 小题19: | | A．save | B．experience | C．start | D．improve |
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“I’m a little worried about my future．”said Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate．He should be so lucky．All he had to worry about was whether to have an affair with Mrs. Robinson．In the sixties，that was the total sum of post-graduation anxiety．
Hoffman’s modem peers are not so fortunate．The Mrs. Robinsons aren’t sitting around at home any more．They are out in the workplace，doing the high-powered jobs the graduates want，but cannot get．For those fresh out of university，desperate for work but unable to get it，there is a big imbalance between supply and demand．And there is no narrowing of the gap in sight．
Parents feel as badly let down as the young people themselves．Middle-class families see their graduate offspring on the dole (救济金) queue and wonder why they bothered paying school fees．Working-class families feel an even keener sense of disappointment．For many such families，getting a child into university was the fulfillment of a lifelong dream．It was proof that they were living in a dynamic，economically successful country．That dream does not seem so rosy now．Graduate unemployment is not，ultimately，a political problem．Job-creation for graduates is very low down in the government’s schedule．If David Cameron’s Conservatives (保守党) had a brilliant idea for guaranteeing every graduate a well-paid job，they would have presented it by now．It is a social problem，though a more deep-seated social problem than people perhaps realize．
小题1:The author begins with the lines from The Graduate in order to __________ ．| A．support the fact that more women are working now | | B．show that few graduates started working right after graduation | | C．demonstrate that there were much fewer graduates than now | | D．emphasize the sharp contrast between now and then |
小题2:Regarding job opportunities for young graduates，the author sounds __________ ．| A．pessimistic | B．hopeful | C．unconcerned | D．content |
小题3:The main purpose of the passage is to __________ ．| A．criticize the government | | B．present a current severe situation | | C．publicize a movie | | D．display the success of the country |
小题4:Towards the end of the passage，the author implies that __________ ．| A．there will be job-creation programs for graduates | | B．graduate unemployment is more of a political issue | | C．graduate unemployment is not likely to be solved in a short time | | D．the Conservatives have done nothing to solve the issue |
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