There are stories about two U．S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren
题型：不详难度：来源：
There are stories about two U．S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OK．We don’t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting．
The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education．In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing．When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said．If he approved of a paper, he would write “all correct”on it．The problem was that he didn’t know how to spell．So what he really wrote was “ol korekt”．After a while，he shortened that term to “OK”．
The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York．Van Buren’s friends organized a club to help him become President .They called the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”．
小题1:The author __________. | A．believes both of the stories | | B．doesn’t believe a word of the stories | | C．is not sure whether the stories are true | | D．is telling the stories just for fun |
小题2:According to the passage，President Jackson_____________. | A．couldn’t draw up any documents at all | | B．didn’t like to read important papers by himself | | C．often had his assistants sign documents for him | | D．wasn’t good at reading，writing or spelling |
小题3:According to the first story, the term “OK”_______________. | A．was approved of by President Jackson | | B．was the title of some Official documents | | C．was first used by President Jackson | | D．was an old way to spell “all correct’’ |
小题4:According to the second story，the term ‘‘OK”_____________. | A．was the short way to say‘ ‘old Kinderhook Club” | | B．meant the place where President Van Buren was born | | C．was the name of Van Buren’s club | | D．was used to call Van Buren’s supporters in the election |
小题5:According to the second story, the term “OK” was first used ______________| A．by Van Buren | | B．in a presidential election | | C．to organize the Old Kinderhook Club | | D．by the members of the ‘‘Old Kinderhook Club” |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:B |
解析
文章介绍了OK的两种来历的有趣的说法。
小题1:C 细节题。根据第一段最后一句We don’t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting．可知C正确。
小题2:D 细节题。根据第二段he had difficulty reading and writing和he didn’t know how to spell可知D正确。
小题3:C 细节题。根据文章第2段The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education．可知C正确。
小题4:D 细节题。根据最后一句They called the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”可知Ｄ正确。
小题5:B 细节题。根据第三段Van Buren’s friends organized a club to help him become President可知是他的朋友帮助他竞选总统的时候使用这个短语，故B正确。 |
举一反三
Good afternoon, and welcome to England. We hope that your visit here will be a pleasant one. Today, I would draw your attention to a few of our laws.
The first one is drinking. Now, you may not buy wine in this country if you are under 18 years of age, nor may your friends buy it for you.
Secondly, noise. Enjoy yourselves by all means, but please don’t make unnecessary noise, particularly, at night. We ask you to respect other people who may wish to be quiet.
Thirdly, crossing the road. Be careful, the traffic moves on the left side of the road in this country. Use pedestrian crossing and don’t take any chance when crossing the road.
My next point is about rubbish. It isn’t lawful to drop rubbish in the street. When you have something to throw away, please put it in your pocket and take it home, or put it in a dustbin.
Finally, as regards smoking, it is against law to buy cigarettes or tobacco if you are under 16 years of age.
I’d like to finish by saying that if you require any sort of help or assistance, you should contact the police, who will be pleased to help you. You can call, write or directly go to ask any policeman.
小题1:take any chance means .小题2:Who do you think is most likely to make the speech?
A. A guide B.A person who makes the law
B. A teacher D. An English officer
小题3:How many laws are there discussed in the speech?小题4:The main purpose of this speech is to .| A．tell people those above 18 can smoke and drink there | | B．declare the different laws of England | | C．give advice to travelers to the country | | D．warn people against going to the country |
小题5:From the speech we have learnt that .| A．in the country, if you are 18 years of age, you may not buy wine, but your friends can buy it for you | | B．you may not buy cigarettes or tobacco unless you are above 16 years of age | | C．because the traffic moves on the left side of the road, you must use pedestrian when crossing the road | | D．you can’t make a noise except at night |
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What’s the secret of success? Is it having loads of money? Good luck? Great
teeth?
Sure, cash, luck, and a nice 36 can’t hurt. But many social scientists agree that what successful people have in common is this: They were 37.
There’s George Washington, the top general of America’s troops in the Revolutionary War, who lost two huge 38 and was nearly fired. 39 Steve Jobs, who developed a lot of failed products---and even got fired from Apple---before 40 to change the world with the iPod, iPhone, and iPad.
The 41 goes on: From Katy and Hall of Fame （名人堂）basketball legend Michael Jordan to Glee(欢乐合唱团 ) star Chris Colfer, the majority of today’s most successful people were 42 losers. They were dropped from record labels, 43_from basketball teams, or bullied in school. They felt humiliated, lost and 44.
But they eventually figured out how to move forward. And that is the key skill: the 45 to dust yourself off and try again. And again. Experts call this resilience(复原力 )---being able to 46 from setbacks. This is what turns losers into winners. Experts say that in terms of future success, resilience is more important than brains or talent. So 47 you fail a test or strike out at bat or sing off-key, don’t give up.
| 小题1: | | A．gift | B．smile | C．health | D．habit |
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| 小题2: | | A．successes | B．failures | C．talented | D．disabled |
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| 小题3: | | A．battles | B．selections | C．quarrels | D．arguments |
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| 小题4: | | A．He’s | B．It’s | C．There’s | D．They’re |
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| 小题5: | | A．doing | B．leading | C．applying | D．returning |
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| 小题6: | | A．story | B．paper | C．research | D．list |
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| 小题7: | | A．at a time | B．at one time | C．at times | D．at which time |
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| 小题8: | | A．cut | B．put | C．thrown | D．taken |
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| 小题9: | | A．promising | B．happy | C．hopeless | D．hopeful |
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| 小题10: | | A．disability | B．ability | C．force | D．desire |
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| 小题11: | | A．come | B．resign | C．recover | D．keep |
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| 小题12: | | A．by the time | B．next time | C．before | D．until |
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If you exhibit positive characteristics such as honesty and helpfulness, the chances are that you will be thought as a good-looking person, for a new study has found that the perception （认知） of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person"s personality．
The study, which was led by Gary W．Lewandowski, has found that people who exhibit negative characteristics, such as unfairness and rudeness, appear to be less physically attractive to observers．In the study, the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities．
After personality information was received, participants also rated the probability of each individual" s becoming a friend and a dating partner．Information on personality was found to significantly change the probability, showing that cognitive （认知的） processes modify （修改） judgments of attractiveness．
"Thinking a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind," said Lewandowski．
The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater expectation of becoming friends, which leads to greater expectation of becoming romantic partners and, finally, to being viewed as more physically attractive．The findings remained consistent regardless of how "attractive" the individual was formerly thought to be or of the participants" current relationship status．
"This research provides a positive outcome by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people"s impressions of how good-looking you are," said Lewandowski．
小题1:In the study the participants were required to _____．| A．try to make friends with each other | | B．try to prove positive characters make people more attractive | | C．exhibit negative characters such as unfairness and rudeness | | D．rate one"s attractiveness by photos before and after knowing her or his personality |
小题2:What"s the CORRECT order of how cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness?
a．find a person with a positive personality
b．view the person more physically attractive
c．want to make friends with the person
d．want to be his/ her romantic partner| A．a→c→d→b | B．d→c→b→a | C．c→b→a→d | D．a→d→c→b |
小题3:Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?| A．The research reminds people to pay more attention to the personality． | | B．Personality can change people"s impressions of one"s appearance． | | C．The judgment of one"s attractiveness always stays unchanged． | | D．Positive personality may lead to more friends． |
小题4:The passage is written in a（n） _____ tone．| A．subjective | B．objective | C．sceptical | D．negative |
小题5:Who are the intended readers of this passage?| A．People with positive characteristics． | | B．Good-looking people． | | C．People with negative characteristics． | | D．General people． |
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Ban Fur? Then Why Not Leather?
Much to the displeasure of some local businesses, the City Council in West Hollywood, California, voted without opposition last week to ban the sale of fur products. Should laws be involved in this issue? Is it unfair to ban sales of fur, but not sales of leather and hides (兽皮)?
Animals Do Not Have Rights
By Tibor R. Machan
My view is that animals do not have basic rights. It is a matter of ethics (伦理学) and not of the laws of human societies. If animals had such rights as human beings do, they would have to be held responsible for killing fellow animals in the wild. That way of thinking about animals makes a category mistake. Using animals, including their fur or organs, to improve people"s lives is acceptable.
A Small Step Against Cruelty
By Kate Carter
Both fur and leather are the skins of dead animals. Why should we think that the lovable furry ones deserve more of a life than the less pleasing ones? Some say leather is less cruel because it"s a byproduct (副产品) of the meat industry. But this isn"t really true. Some cheap leather may be a byproduct of the meat industry, but often it"s the other way round. In South Africa, where there is a developing market for ostrich(鸵鸟)farms, the skins account for roughly 80 percent of the slaughtered (宰***)birds" value, a mere 20 percent of which comes from the meat.
"Who" Are You Wearing?
By Marc Bekoff
West Hollywood"s ban is a move in the right direction. However, we must work to ban the sales of leather and hides, too. Furs come from animals who are attacked to become clothing, while some leather and hides come from slaughterhouse(屠宰场) animals. We must remember that when people choose to wear fur, leather and hides, they are wearing formering conscious beings. So it"s a matter of who they are wearing, not what they are wearing because these animals must be referred to as who and not what or that.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?| A．West Hollywood"s ban on fur products. | | B．Differences between fur and leather sales. | | C．The government"s role in protecting animals. | | D．The ecological imbalance in West Hollywood. |
小题2:Tibor R. Machan seems to believe that .| A．laws should be passed to protect animals | | B．humans are respornsible for killing animals | | C．it is not reasonable to use animals to improve life | | D．animals and humans aren"t supposed to share equal rights |
小题3:What is Kate Carter"s opinion about wearing fur and wearing leather?| A．Both are decided by the meat industry. | | B．There is little distinction (区别) between them. | | C．Wearing fur is generally more acceptable. | | D．Wearing leather is cheaper than wearing fur. |
小题4:What is Marc Bekoff’s attitude towards sales of fur?| A．Sympathetic. | B．Careless. | C．Tolerant. | D．Opposed. |
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Young children whose mothers talk with them more frequently and in more detail about people’s thoughts and feelings tend to be better at taking another person’s perspective（观点）than other children of the same age.
That’s what researchers from the University of Western Australia found in a new study published in the journal Child Development.
“Parents who frequently put themselves in someone else’s shoes in conversations with their children make it more likely their children will be able to do the same,” said lead author Brad Farrant.
Researchers of the UWA’s Telethon Institute for Child Health Research looked at the influence of how parents interact with their children to learn more about how people develop the ability to take another’s perspective.
The two-year study involved more than 120 Australian children aged between four and six, including children with typically developing language and others delayed in language acquisition（习得）.
The children completed tasks which were designed to assess their language skills, ability to infer others’ beliefs and use these to predict others’ behavior, and their ability to shift flexibly between different perspectives.
Among children with typically developing language, the researchers found that mothers who talked more often and in greater detail about people’s thoughts and feelings — commenting on how another person might react to a particular situation as well as their own feelings about the topic — had children with better language skills and better perspective-taking skills.
Children with delayed language acquisition were also delayed in their development of perspective-taking skills. This displays the role played by language as children develop the ability to take another’s perspective.
“Solving the many challenges that the world faces today requires us all to get better at taking the perspective of other people,” said Brad Farrant.
小题1:According to the text, to help children gain better perspective-taking skills, parents should __________.| A．give their children more chances to express themselves | | B．talk more with their children about people’s feelings | | C．encourage their children to guess other people’s thoughts | | D．spend more time playing with their children |
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE about the study?| A．Over one hundred American children took part in it. | | B．All the children had delayed in language acquisition. | | C．The children in the study were around five years old. | | D．Mothers helped their children to complete the tasks. |
小题3:Which have an effect on the development of children’s perspective-taking skills?| A．The surrounding environments. | | B．Mother’s perspectives. | | C．Personal characters. | | D．Language skills. |
小题4:In the last paragraph, Brad Farrant __________.| A．stressed the importance of perspective-taking skills | | B．expressed his concern about the world’s challenges | | C．showed how to take the perspective of other people | | D．explained why other people’s opinions are important |
小题5:According to the text, we can learn __________.| A．parents should talk to their children frequently no matter how old their children are | | B．it was Brad Farrant who wrote the study in Child Development herself | | C．the only way to improve language skill is talking to children more often | | D．parents who are always thinking about others will help their children do the same way |
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