"If I rest, I rust"——would be an excellent motto for those who are troubled by t
题型：不详难度：来源：
Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must- keep their ability polished by constant use, so that they may unlock the doors of knowledge, the gate that guard the entrances to the professions, to science, art, literature, agriculture—every department of human endeavor．
Industry keeps the key bright that opens the treasury of achievement．If Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in a quarry, had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist．The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published a mathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, if he had given his spare moments to idleness, had the little Scotch lad, Ferguson, allowed the busy brain to go to sleep while he tended sheep on the hillside instead of calculating the position of the stars by a string of beads, he would never have become a famous astronomer．
Labor defeats all—not inconstant, or ill-directed labor; but faithful, persistent, daily effort toward a well-directed purpose．So industry is the price of noble and enduring success．
小题1:What may be the meaning of the underlined word "rust" in the 1st paragraph?
| A．生锈 | B．成长 | C．进步 | D．快乐 |
| A．he wants to remind himself that he is a hardworking man． |
| B．he wants to remind himself to rest from time to time |
| C．he is afraid that he may idle |
| D．he feels he can do the work required of them． |
| A．great men keep their ability polished |
| B．those who use their ability constantly would attain the great height |
| C．those who want to get great achievements must practice their ability constantly |
| D．great men polish their ability to reach their height |
| A．industry is more important than agriculture． |
| B．giving some examples of how industry works in achieving great success． |
| C．what industry really means here |
| D．industry can keep the keys bright |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:B
解析
小题1:事实细节题，根据Even the most hard-working person might adopt it with advantage to serve as a reminder that, if one allows his abilities to rest, like the iron in the unused key可知。
小题2:事实细节题，根据第一段的would be an excellent motto for those who are troubled by the slightest bit of idleness可知，
小题3:推理判断题，该句意为只有经常的练习自己的能力，知识才能取得巨大的成就
小题4:事实细节题，根据该段提供的几个例子可知，该段提供了一些关于工业如何取得成功的例子。
举一反三
The 21st century has been considered to be an era of communication. The way we convey our thoughts is of great importance in building relationships. In the workplace, there are employees of diverse cultural and educational backgrounds. This makes team working on a difficult task, but with a clear understanding of the task to be achieved, all members work towards the same goal. Misunderstandings, conflicts and differences in opinions are easily managed when there is a clear flow of communication between team members.
With proper communication, a close relationship and trust build among the employees, therefore promoting excellent working conditions. An atmosphere of support and cooperation is promoted by properly conveying expectations of the management team to the employees and vice – versa (相反的情况). Therefore, developing oral communication skills is important to success in life ahead.
How to improve oral communication? In the business world, individuals are expected to be confident about their beliefs and ideas. Therefore, they must include words like “in my opinion”, “as far as I know”. While improving skills on oral communication, people in a workplace must learn the art of listening. In addition, one must also have a positive body language during conversations. A person with a smiling face and positive attitude can raise the spirits of everyone around him. When we’re talking to someone, we must give the other person an opportunity to talk as it improves our listening ability.
Communication is an art and it can be improved by working on it constantly. Since it is not an overnight work, one needs to learn it by observing people who are good at it.
| Title | Oral communication skills in the workplace |
| 小题1: _______ | The art of using speech to convey information, thoughts and feelings to others. |
| Importance | ●The way we convey our thoughts plays a major 小题2:____in building relationships. ●Understanding the task 小题3: __makes employees work towards the same goal. ●A clear flow of communication can easily 小题4: ______ the misunderstandings, conflicts and differences in opinions. ●Good relationships and trust among the employees built with proper communication can 小题5: _______ excellent working conditions. ●Conveying expectations can promote support and cooperation. |
| 小题6: ______ to improving oral communication | ●Use words like “in my opinion” to show your 小题7:____ about your beliefs and ideas. ●Learn to be a good 小题8:_______ in the workplace. ●Avoid using a小题9:_______ body language during conversations ●Smile and be positive to delight the people around you. ●Give the other person a chance to talk in a conversation. |
| Conclusion | Communication can be improved with小题10:______effort and we should learn from those who are good at it. |
What in the world ,Harold wonders ,do they have to talk about ?
Betty shrugs .Talk ? We’re friends .
Researching this matter called friendship ,psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing more than two hundred women and men .No matter what their age ,their job ,their sex ,the results were completely clear :women have more friendships than men ,and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is “marked and unmistakable .”
More than two –thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend. Those who could were likely to name a woman .Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend ,and almost always it was a woman .More married men than women named their wife/husband as a best friend ,most trusted person ,or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress （感情危机）.“Most women ,”says Rubin ,“identified （认定） at least one ,usually more ,trusted friends to whom they could turn in a troubled moment ,and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives .”
“In general,”writes Rubin in her new book ,“women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support ,but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities.” For the most part ,Rubin says ,interactions （交往）between men are emotionally controlled –a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior .”
“Even when a man is said to be a best friend ,”Rubin writes ,“the two share little about their innermost feelings .Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage ,it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa .”
小题1:What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that .
| A．he is treated as an outsider rather than a husband |
| B．women have so much to share |
| C．women show little interest in ballgames |
| D．he finds his wife difficult to talk to |
| A．a male friend | B．a female friend | C．her parents | D．her husband |
| A．Men keep their innermost feelings to themselves. |
| B．Women are more serious than men about marriage. |
| C．Men often take sudden action to end their marriage. |
| D．Women depend on others in making decisions. |
| A．happy and successful marriages |
| B．friendships of men and women |
| C．emotional problems in marriage |
| D．interactions between men and women . |
Being laughed at is a common fear. But a major study published in two thousand and nine found that this fear is not the same around the world. It differs from culture to culture.
People in Finland were the least likely to believe that people laughing in their presence were making fun of them. Less than ten percent of Finns in the study said they would think that, compared to eighty percent of people in Thailand.
Some people in the study said they felt unsure of themselves in social situations but hid their feelings of insecurity. Others said they avoided social situations where they had been laughed at before.
The study found that people in Turkmenistan and Cambodia were more likely to be in the first group. They would hide their feelings of insecurity if they were around other people"s laughter. But people in Iraq, Egypt and Jordan were more likely to try to avoid such situations if they felt they had been laughed at before.
Shy people often avoid situations that would force them into close contact with other people. They worry that something they say or do will make other people laugh at them. But some people worry much more than others. They may have a disorder called gelotophobia. Gelos is a Greek word. It means laughter. Phobia means fear. This fear of laughter can be truly sad for those who live with it. It can affect how they lead their lives.
In the study, a team from the University of Zurich led more than ninety researchers from around the world. They wanted to understand the difference between normal shyness and true gelotophobia. Another purpose of the study was to compare the levels of fear of being laughed at in different cultures. The researchers surveyed more than twenty-two thousand people in forty-two different languages. The findings appeared in the scientific journal Humor.
小题1:People in Finland don’t believe other people are making fun of them if _________________.
| A．they suddenly start to laugh. |
| B．they keep on laughing |
| C．they laugh in their presence |
| D．they stop laughing suddenly. |
| A．They wanted to study the difference between normal shyness and true gelotophobia. |
| B．They wanted to compare the levels of fear of being laughed at in different cultures. |
| C．They did such a survey in order to prevent people from being laughed at in public. |
| D．They surveyed more than 22 thousand people coming from different cultures. |
| A．an advertisement | B．a science magazine |
| C．a science fiction | D．a storybook |
| A．care more about being laughed at by others |
| B．shouldn’t hide their feelings of insecurity |
| C．should avoid having close contact with other people |
| D．will lead a happy life so long as they care |
The crisis at the damaged Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Station in northern Japan has raised worries about radiation risks. We spoke Tuesday with Jonathan Links, an expert in radiation health sciences. He is a professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Maryland.
Professor Links says workers within the nuclear plant are the only people at risk of extremely high doses of radiation.
JONATHAN LINKS: "Of course, we don"t know what doses they"ve received, but the only persons at risk of acute radiation effects are the workers."
For other people, he says, there may be a long-term worry. People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident.
Professor Links says scientists can use computers to quickly model where radioactive material has blown and settled. Then they measure how large an area is contaminated. He says if the situation is serious enough, officials could take steps like telling people not to eat locally grown food or drink the water.
JONATHAN LINKS: "But that would only be the case if there was a significant release and, because of wind direction, the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then settled out of the air into and onto water, plants, fruits and vegetables."
The reactors at Fukushima are on the Pacific coast. But Professor Links says people should not worry about any radioactive material leaking into the ocean.
JONATHAN LINKS: "Even in a worst-case scenario accident, the sea provides a very high degree of dilution. So the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite low."
Japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it. That memory from World War Two would create a stronger "psychological sensitivity" to radiation exposure, Professors Links says.
Next month is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at Chernobyl in Ukraine. The nineteen eighty-six event was the world"s worst accident in the nuclear power industry.
A new United Nations report says more than six thousand cases of thyroid cancer have been found. These are in people who were children in affected areas of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The report says that by two thousand five the cancers had resulted in fifteen deaths.
The cancers were largely caused by drinking contaminated milk. The milk came from cows that ate grass where radioactive material had fallen.
To get the latest updates, go to www.unsv.com.
Contributing: James Brooke
小题1:The passage mainly tells us __________.
| A．What measures the Japan Government takes to solve the nuclear crisis . |
| B．Worries and influences caused by the nuclear crisis . |
| C．With great efforts of scientists , the Japan Government has put the nuclear crisis under control . |
| D．To explain that the nuclear crisis has less effect on its neighboring countries. |
| A．Workers at the nuclear station are suffering the risk of death . |
| B．People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident. |
| C．The radioactive material may be blown over the area causing the pollution to water . |
| D．The concentration of radioactivity in the seawater can not be diluted. |
| A．chemical | B．salt | C．dissolution | D．elimination |
| A．Water people drink ,food and vegetables people eat may be polluted by nuclear radiation . |
| B．Japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it. |
| C．You can go to www.unsv.com. to get the latest news . |
| D．The nuclear accident in Japan is the worst in the nuclear power industry. |
Read the questions and answer YES or NO, then you will find out how good you are.
1. When you don "t understand something, you ask questions. □
2. You like listening to older people talk about the past. □
3. You think that you can learn something interesting from everyone around you. □
4. You are brave enough when you have to talk to people you don"t know. □
5. You enjoy reading books about famous people. □
6. You always see and talk to different people. □
7. You are interested in learning new ways of doing things. □
8. You enjoy sharing experiences with friends and learning from people of all ages. □
9.You talk a lot about yourself. □
10. Even if you are often wrong, you make your own decisions. □
11.You hate teaching what you are good at: sports, technology, whatever. □
12.Your parents don"t understand you, so you don"t talk to them much. □
SCORE(打分数) NOW!
Score 2 points if you answer YES to each of the first 8 questions, and 0 if you choose NO.
Score 2 points if you answer NO to each of the last 4 questions, and 0 if you choose YES.
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18—24 You are friendly and open-minded. You make people feel important by listening to what they have to say. You"ll probably succeed in learning al1 kinds of interesting things. Good for you!
10--16 Remember that every single person you know can teach you something. You will greatly make your life rich and colorful.
0- 8 About 400 years ago, a famous writer wrote, "No man is an island. "This is still useful today. Try to be more open and interested in people around you.
小题1:If you say "YES" to all these questions , you"ll get ____ points.
| A．12 | B．16 | C．20 | D．24 |
| A．shy and nervous | B．silent and serious |
| C．open and friendly | D．brave and strong |
| A．the famous writer was very clever |
| B．everything is the same as 400 years ago |
| C．you will feel happy if on an island |
| D．you can not live alone in the world |
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