When building houses, people used to think about not only the climate of the are
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When building houses, people used to think about not only the climate of the areas but also the building materials and the fashions for their houses. However, since electricity became more and more expensive, people began to pay much more attention to the energy they could get for their houses and the new ways they could find to protect their houses from both cold and heat.
Now, houses of an old yet new type have been widely built. In some parts of the world, people share their houses with their livestock（家畜）.During cold weather, they gather their cows, goats, or other animals and keep them on the first floor of their houses. The reasons are that the animals can be protected from the cold and that they can help to heat the houses as well. The body heat given off by the animals rises to the second floor of the houses, where people live. By sharing their houses with their livestock, people gain a source of heat.
People who live in or near cities do not usually keep livestock. However, home builders use the fact that heat rises. This natural law can be used in building houses in these areas. Instead of keeping livestock on the first floor, builders fill it with large rocks. As they are open to the sun’s rays during cold weather, these rocks take in heat. They also give off the heat, and, of course, the warm air rises into the living areas of the houses. So these houses are energy saving.
House building becomes a great challenge（挑战）to building designers and energy engineers. They try to meet this challenge by learning from old traditions and by using modern technology. And someday in the future, people will be able to live in more energy saving houses.
小题1:What did people begin to consider as electricity was no longer cheap? | A．The climate of their areas. | | B．The energy for their houses. | | C．The fashions for their houses. | | D．The building materials for their houses. |
小题2:People in some areas gain a source of heat by _________. | A．keeping their livestock downstairs | | B．protecting their livestock from the cold | | C．sharing their houses only with their cows | | D．living on the second floor with their livestock |
小题3:The underlined words “natural law” in the third paragraph refer to the fact that ________.| A．heat raises the temperature in the houses | | B．heat goes in the upward direction | | C．heat goes up if temperature is raised | | D．heat increases the temperature of rocks |
小题4:From the passage, we can conclude that __________. | A．people will no longer consider building materials in the future | | B．energy saving buildings will become more popular in the future | | C．almost all people will move into the houses heated by large rocks | | D．energy engineers will devote themselves only to modern technology. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:B |
解析
因电能能越来越贵，为了使房屋达到住房保暖驱寒的效果，人们越来越注重研究新的保存能量方式
小题1:细节理解题。第一段第二句说明人们为了使房屋达到保暖驱寒的效果，更加注重新的保存能量的方式
小题2:细节理解题。第二段第二、三句及尾句可知
小题3:由划线词所在句的上一句可知，that 引导同位语从句指代热量上升的原理。
小题4:推断题。由第一段前两句知人们在房屋建设时依然需要考虑建筑材料。从第三段可知利用岩石吸热随后放热的方法只是针对生活在城市及城市郊区的人们，且只是其中的一种方法。 |
举一反三
You’re sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly, you’re yawning with him, though you’re not tired.
This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly with out words.
Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critechley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we’re feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的) responses,” he explained. “ There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expression. When we’re in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there’s the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.
Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronies and when we like the other person, we ever copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you’re sitting— it’s pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it’s our way of telling each other that we’re partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”
So, what lessons can we learn from this? “ Spend time with happy people— otherwise your health could suffer,” said Critchley.” When we’re sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we’re happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”
小题1: According to Hugo Critchley, ________.| A．emotions are as visible as facial expressions | | B．we yawn more frequently when we have a cold | | C．emotions are connected with states of internal responses | | D．the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions. |
小题2:The underlined word “synchronies” in Paragraph 4 means “_____”.| A．move slowly | B．change rapidly | C．relax temporarily | D．respond accordingly |
小题3:From the passage we can learn ________.| A．sadness is as contagious as happiness | | B．anger is less contagious than friendliness | | C．surprise is more contagious than smile | | D．surprise is the most contagious among emotions |
小题4:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?| A．Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans. | | B．Children like copying the actions of the fellow humans. | | C．Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning | | D．People tend to communicate more with body language. |
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Some people make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half your life. These people have something in common. And once we know what it is, we can try to do it ourselves.
How is it done? Here are several skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they’ll help you put people at their ease, and make friends with them quickly.
First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. One well-known businesswoman says, “At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It’s a common question, but it will get things going.” From there you can move on to other matters—sometimes to really personal questions. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.
Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers. This point seems clear, but it isn’t. Your questions should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively.
Real listening at least means some things. First it means not to change the subject of conversation. If someone sticks to one topic, you can take it as a fact that he’s really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to tones of voice. If the voice sounds dull, then, it’s time for you to change the subject.
Finally, good talkers know well how to deal with the occasion of parting. If you’re saying good-bye, you may give him a firm handshake and say, “I’ve really enjoyed meeting you.” If you want to see that person again, don’t keep it a secret. Let people know what you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they’ve known you half their life.
小题1:Asking questions might be a quite good and suitable way _______.| A．for you to make more and more new friends | | B．to begin your business talks | | C．to get the conversation going smoothly | | D．for you to make a deep and lasting impression on others |
小题2:After having asked somebody a question, it’ll be polite of you to _______.| A．make clear what kind of person he is | | B．listen to his reply attentively | | C．wait quietly and patiently for his answer | | D．go on asking him more questions |
小题3:Generally speaking, good talkers are persons who _______.| A．are good at making any topic interesting | | B．never talk too much or too little | | C．always speak in a gentle way | | D．know how and when they should change the topic of the talk |
小题4:If you really take delight in meeting someone again, _______.| A．you may take him as your lifelong trustworthy friend | | B．it seems necessary for you to let him know it | | C．it’s proper for you to give him a second handshake | | D．it’ll be helpful for you to have further understanding of him |
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love charity(慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.
The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations(捐赠物). They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children’s books, all 10 or 20 pence each.
Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don’t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.
The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding（资助）medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money? You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment. （08天津卷）
小题1:The author loves the charity shop mainly because of _______.| A．its convenient location | | B．its great variety of goods | | C．its spirit of goodwill | | D．its nice shopping environment |
小题2:The first charity shop in the UK was set up to ____.| A．sell cheap products | | B．deal with unwanted things | | C．raise money for patients | | D．help a foreign country |
小题3: Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops?| A．The operating costs are very low. | | B．The staff are usually well paid. | | C．90% of the donations are second-hand. | | D．They are open twenty-four hours a day. |
小题4: Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?| A．What to Buy a Charity Shops. | | B．Charity Shop: Its Origin & Development. | | C．Charity Shop: Where You Buy to Donate. | | D．The Public’s Concern about Charity Shops. |
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As you research music, you will find music that is familiar to you. You will find music which tells of interesting places and exciting things to do. You will find music which expresses feelings that are often your own.
Music is an expression of the people. As you research, you will find music of people at work and play. You will find music expressing love of the country, love of nature, and love of home.
Music is also an expression of the composer(作曲家). The composer expresses his own musical ideas. He studies the materials of music and discovers ways of using them. He looks for new kinds of musical expression.
Music can suggest actions and feelings which we all share. We can enjoy playing and singing music, dancing and listening to the music of the people and the composers of different times and places.
小题1:In the first paragraph, the author tells us to_______. | A．find entertainment(娱乐) in music | B．be friendly to music | | C．express your feelings in music | D．discover the things and places in music |
小题2:From the second paragraph, we know that ________. | A．if we love music, we will love the country, nature and home | | B．music sings of the country, nature and home | | C．you may listen to music at work or at play | | D．music can express how people live, work and think |
小题3:By means of music, the composer wishes that ________. | A．you would study with them | | B．you would share his feelings and ideas | | C．you would express your own feelings | | D．you help discover ways of using music and new kinds of musical expression |
小题4:The last paragraph shows that music makes it possible ________.| A．the music can express actions and feelings at the same time | | B．bring understanding between people of different times and places | | C．that people can enjoy playing and singing music, dancing and listening to the music at the same time | | D．that people of different time and places can get together |
小题5:Which of the following statements is NOT true. Music expresses ________.| A．the feelings of our own | B．people’s love of the country | | C．the composer’s feelings | D．people’s musical ideas |
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People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution, from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 2 , they try to find a solution by trial or error. 3 , when all of these methods 4 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 5 in analyzing a problem.
6 the person must recognize that these is a problem. For example, Sam"s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 7 that there is a problem with the bicycle.
Next, the person must find the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 8 the parts that are wrong.
Now the person must look for 9 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 10 solutions. For example, suppose Sam decides that his bicycle does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. 11 , he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.
After 12 the problem, the person should have 13 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 14 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change old ones.
In the end, one 15 seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the 16 idea comes quite 17 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a different way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to a brake. He 18 hits on the solution to his problem: he must 19 the brake.
Finally the solution is 20 . Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.
1. A. serious B. usual C. similar D. common
2. A. BesidesB. Instead C. OtherwiseD. However
4. A. fail B. workC. change D. develop
5. A. ways B. conditionsC. stages D. orders
6. A. First B. Usually C. In generalD. Most importantly
7. A. explainB. prove C. showD. see
8. A. checkable B. determineC. correct D. recover
9. A. answers B. skillsC. explanation D. information
10. A. possible B. exactC. real D. special
11. A. In other words B. Once in a whileC. First of all D. At this time
12. A. discussing B. settling down C. comparing with D. studying
13. A. extra B. enough C. several D. countless
14. A. secondly B. againC. also D. alone
15. A. suggestion B. conclusion C. decision D. discovery
16. A. next B. clearC. final D. new
17. A. unexpectedly B. late C. clearly D. often
18. A. fortunatelyB. easily C. clearly D. immediately
19. A. clean B. separate C. loosen D. remove
20. A. recorded B. completed C. tested D. accepted |
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