Every family with kids has seen its share of arguments,shouting and complaining.It turns
out that all that conflict serves an important purpose in the development of children.Saying
"no",followed by a temper tantrums (发脾气),just may be an unavoidable part of growing
up.And that"s a good thing.These are the first steps toward independence.Even young children
have to challenge their parents sometimes.
Studies have shown the following:
Although stressful,conflict is beneficial for children.
Learning to manage conflict is necessary for a child"s development.
Conflicts during the preschool years occur because children desire even more attention
than parents can or should give.
If you understand why conflict occurs,it can minimize (最小化) the conflicts between
you and your children.Conflict is a child"s attempt to develop a sense of self and how he or
she learns to express needs and ideas.Parents develop and drive this independence by
exposing children to the outside world both formally and informally.
Conflict can grow out of a difference of opinion or might just be a way to blow off steam
(发泄怒气).In rare situations,constant conflict between a parent and child can indicate a
deeper emotional problem.Consult your doctor if this seems to be your situation.
It"s important to offer your child choices,which should be determined by age and
developmental level.The more responsible a child is,the more choices he or she gets in reward.
You can threaten your child with punishment,but often offering a choice will better improve
angry situations.Consequences and rewards should have some meaning to your child.
Often a child"s adverse (敌对的) reaction when he or she hears the word "no" can be
avoided by giving the child an explanation as to why you have refused their request.
I will be traveling to Australia as a Student Ambassador with People to People. People
to People arranges for American students to travel all around the world to learn about other
cultures, and to help others understand American culture. The program was founded by
former President Dwight D. Eisenhower to promote peace through understanding.
I had to put in many hours of special work to get to this point. First, a teacher nominated
(推荐) me, and then I attended an informational meeting about the program. The application
process included an interview, and finally, I was accepted.
That"s when the hard work really began. In addition to attending monthly meetings to
prepare for the big trip, my parents encouraged my twin sister Beth (also participating in
the program) and me to raise $ 2,000 each to help pay for the cost. And so the fund-raising
began. We did everything from selling candy bars to selling an old car to decorating people"s
mailboxes during the holiday season. We also babysat, washed cars, held a yard sale, and
washed windows. After months of hard work I had raised a total of $2319.87! Combined,
Beth and I raised over $ 4500.00!
Now I have a problem-packing. Yes, I know it sounds unimportant, but my suitcase
seems to have shrunk (收缩) as I placed my belongings inside. According to airline
regulations (规定), a suitcase can be no larger than 54 inches and weigh no more than 44
pounds. For a person who likes to wear a different outfit every day, packing all my clothes
into such a small space seemed an impossible task. However, I have lessened my load and
my suitcase which started out weighting overweight now checks in at a mere 36. Apart from
a slightly bloated (臃肿) carry-on bag, my luggage is definitely manageable.
I doubt that I will not get much sleep tonight because I am so excited! I know that what
lies ahead is going to be the trip of lifetime!
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if
countries play games together they will learn to live together.Others say that the opposite is true:
that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred.
There is probably some truth in both arguments,but in recent years the Olympic Games have done
little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood.Not only were there the
incidents of tragedy involving murder of athletes,but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents
caused principally by minor national contests.
One country received its second-place medals with visible anger after the hockey final.There
had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match,with the losers objecting to the final decisions.
They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents"
victory was unfair.Their manager was in a rage when he said,"This isn"t hockey.Hockey and the
International Hockey Federation are finished." The president of the Federation said later that such
behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia after a
disputable end to their contest.The game had ended in disorder.It was thought at first that the United
States had won by a point,but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play.A Russian
player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other,and another player popped it into the
basket.It was the first time that the US had ever lost an Olympic basketball match.An appeal jury
(评审委员会) debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would
stand.The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love
of the game.The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals or in non-national teams might
be too much to hope for.But in present organization of Olympics there is far too much that encourages
aggressive patriotism (爱国主义).
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