阅读理解 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s w

题型：河南省专项题难度：来源：

阅读理解     The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first
appeared with the label:"store in the refrigerator".
     In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would
last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted,
and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
     The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed -natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling….
     What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft
drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
     Consequently, most of the world"s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove
useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum(嗡嗡响) away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining
an artificially-coo1ed space inside an artificially-heated house -while outside, nature provides the desired
temperature free of charge.The fridge"s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don"t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet
and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you"ll get rid of that terrible hum.1. The statement "In my bridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily." in Para. 2 suggests
that         .A. the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties
B. the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties
C. there was no fridge in the author"s home in the 1950s
D. the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s2. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A. People would not buy more food than was necessary.
B. Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.
C. Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
D. People had effective ways to preserve their food.3. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A. Inventors.
B. Consumers.
C. Manufacturers.
D. Traveling salesmen.4. Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge"s negative effect on the
environment?A."Hum away continuously".
B."Climatically almost unnecessary".
C. "Artificially-cooled space".
D."With mild temperatures".5. What is the author"s overall attitude toward fridges?A. Neutral.
B. Critical.
C. Objective
D. Compromising.

答案

1-5 CDBAB

举一反三

阅读理解。     As an English teacher, one of the most common problems I"ve found with my students is their
lack of confidence with speaking, and difficulty in understanding native speakers. Another problem
could be that a foreign language taught in schools can sound quite different to what native speakers
actually use.
     There are a few English words and expressions that I"d never heard until I came to China. The
most common one in my experience is "How are you? I"m fine, thank you, and you?"
     I appreciate that although this greeting is much too formal for everyday use - it"s easy to learn
and helps build confidence. However, it can be a hard habit to break. I"ve seen many parents correct
their kids if they don"t use that exact phrase, as if simply replying "I"m fine" would somehow be rude.
In fact I"m banning my students from saying that in the classroom, insisting a simple "I"m fine, thanks"
is good enough.
     "Seldom" is another one that I find interesting. The first time a student told me "I seldom watch
TV", my initial reaction was a stupefied look, followed by "Huh?" I then realized the student used
"seldom" when it"s more common for us to use "rarely."
     I was just as confused when I first heard a toilet referred to as a WC (water closet), another
English term I"d never heard of back in Australia. Of course, my students know the other names
for it like bathroom, toilet, washroom etc. so to prefer that name is an interesting choice.
     I don"t mind that my students have substituted familiar English words with their own, far from it.
It reminds me how creative they can be with not only their language, but with mine as well. It"s healthy
for English to evolve (进化) and change and I"m happy to add these new words to my vocabulary.
     One important lesson I"ve learnt is that textbooks can only help you so much. For further
improvement you"d better practice with native speakers.1. What does the article mainly tell about?A. Learning English needs confidence.
B. Native speakers are hard to understand.
C. Chinese-English has something different.
D. Chinese students are more creative.2. The problem with the reply "I"m fine, thank you, and you?" is that it is _____.A. too long to remember
B. not popular with native speakers
C. sometimes misunderstood
D. considered impolite by native speakers3. The writer mentioned parents correcting their kids to show that in China _____.A. speaking English at home has become a habit
B. the exact reply has been trained into a habit
C. some parents are not qualified to teach English
D. children don"t always obey their teachers4. It"s possible for us to hear an Australian say "We _____ use the term "_____" for a toilet."A. seldom;  bathroom
B. rarely;  washroom
C. seldom;  WC
D. rarely;  WC5. What is the writer"s attitude towards his students using Chinese-English?A. He"s tolerant.
B. He"s angry.
C. He feels uncomfortable.
D. He pays no attention.

题型：山东省模拟题难度：| 查看答案

阅读理解    After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1904, earthquake scientists had good news to
report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数)could have been much worse.
     More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that
shook America in 1988 claimed 25, 000 victims.
     Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a
holiday, when traffic was light on the city"s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes
in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city"s buildings and highways, making them
more resistant to quakes.
     Despite the good news, civil engineers aren"t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints (蓝图) for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater
security to cities where earthquakes often take place.
     In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and
steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent
designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures
respond like living organisms to an earthquake"s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips
forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.
     The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.1. One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that        .A. new computers had been installed in the buildings
B. it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways
C. large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday
D. improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways2. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to           .A. counterbalance an earthquake"s action on the building.
B. predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy.
C. help strengthen the foundation of the building.
D. measure the impact of an earthquake"s vibrations.3. The smart buildings discussed in the passage           .A. would cause serious financial problems.
B. would be worthwhile though costly.
C. would increase the complexity of architectural design.
D. can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes.4. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention
should be focused on            .A. the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction
B. the development of flexible building materials
C. the reduction of the impact of ground vibrations
D. early forecasts of earthquakes5. The author"s main purpose in writing the passage is to__________.A. compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S.
B. encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers
C. outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materials
D. report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildings

题型：河南省专项题难度：| 查看答案

阅读理解。     Many people think it is safe to use a cell phone while they are driving. Yet Scores of studies
suggest that real multitaskers - those who can carry out multiple (多个的) tasks equally well,
make up just 2 per cent of the population. More surprisingly, the so-called "supertaskers" actually
have differently structured brains to the other 98 percent.
     The brain areas that make supertaskers differ from the rest of the population are the same parts
that are most different between humans and nonhuman primates (灵长类), according to David
Strayer, director of the applied cognition lab at the University of Utah. Scientists are unsure of the
reason why some brains are different. In fact, we could all benefit from doing just one task at once.
     In most of us, scientists have located a "bottleneck in the brain" that may explain why we find it
hard to do two things at once.
     The problem appears to be caused by a logjam of nerve messages. Faced with two almost
simultaneous (同时的) tasks less than 300 milliseconds apart, the brain"s ability to deal with the
second one slows down. The neural (神经的) response to the second task was postponed until
the response to the first was completed. This means that with e-mails, phone calls, text messages
and online social media all competing for our attention, often against a background of television,
radio or music, our brains can reach information overload.
     Scientists made the discovery after scanning the brains of volunteers attempting to multitask on
a computer. The task was deliberately designed to involve the use of different senses and motor
responses.
     Dr Rene Marois, one of the neuroscientists who carried out the experiment at Vanderbilt University
in Nashville, Tennessee, said: "Our research offers neurological evidence that the brain cannot
effectively do two things at once." The next step, the neuroscientists say, is finding out "why these
areas cannot process two tasks at once." 1. How many people can drive equally well while using a cell phone?A. Nobody.
B. Everybody.
C. 2 in 100.
D. 98 in 100.2. The researchers tried to find out the difference between _____ brain structures.A. different supertaskers"
B. supertaskers" and ordinary people"s
C. humans" and nonhuman primates"
D. supertaskers" and nonhuman primates"3. We can infer from the article that the brain takes 300 milliseconds to _____.A. make a neural response
B. get ready for a response
C. complete a task
D. finish two tasks4. If we _____, our brains may reach information overload. A. serf the Internet after listening to music
B. use a cell phone against a background of television
C. complete all kinds of tasks within the same day
D. have lots of tasks queuing for responses5. From the dictionary explanations, choose one for the underlined word "motor" in Paragraph 5.A. having an engine
B. relating to vehicles with engines
C. relating to nerves that make muscles move (control body movement)
D. the part of a machine that makes it move

题型：山东省模拟题难度：| 查看答案

阅读理解。     Two graduates from Cambridge University in the United Kingdom found themselves about to
graduate, yet with loans (贷款) to pay off. The pair decided to begin a strange, year-long project
to battle their debt. The men, Ross Harper and Ed Moyse, set up the site BuyMyFace.co.uk. last
October as a way to get rid of the $80,000 they shared as student loans. The idea behind the project
was to earn money by selling their faces as advertising space every day for a year. Each day, they
advertise a different business on their site by painting the brand"s logo (商标) or name on their faces
and including a link to the company"s site. After they paint their faces and publish them on the site,
Harper and Moyse go out to highly populated areas such as music festivals and theme parks to
maximize their faces" exposure.
     At this time, Harper and Moyse have advertised their faces for over four months without skipping
a day and they"re more than halfway to their goal. Though they first started charging a minimum of
about USD $1.60 per company, the prices have risen as their popularity increased. For advertising
space during the remainder of April, they range between USD $250 and $750.
     Terri L. Rittenburg, associate professor of marketing at the University of Wyoming, said she had
heard of people tattooing (纹身) logos on themselves before, but this idea is much better. According
to her, at first the idea would be new and novel and attract attention, but she is unsure how long it
would last.
     At least for now, companies that have bought Harper and Moyse"s faces have written positive
comments on the pair"s website. "We had a three percent increase in website traffic (流量) on the
very day and for two days more afterwards," said an alcoholic beverage company.1. Which of the following was most possibly taken from the website BuyMyFace.co.uk.?A.

2. At BuyMyFace.co.uk, you can _____ of the company being advertised for.A. click to enter the website
B. download product pictures
C. get in touch with the staff
D. read a brief introduction3. Harper and Moyse go to highly populated areas to _____.A. have fun
B. make friends
C. show their faces
D. find new customers 4. We can infer from the article that the two men _____.A. must have earned more than $40,000
B. aren"t getting on well with their project
C. may close their site next month
D. always work hard except on holidays5. The men"s idea of advertising has proved to work because _____.A. many people visit their website
B. their faces have become well-known
C. their customers get more attention
D. an expert has highly praised them

题型：山东省模拟题难度：| 查看答案

阅读理解。
阅读下面短文并回答问题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)。[1] You"ve known your best friend for many years and shared many precious moments together, they
have always been there for you and have been your rock to lean on when you were down. Now
someone is making you send them away, and you may never see them again. How do you feel?
[2] This is how many Harbin citizens are currently feeling as a new policy has recently been passed
banning large dogs from being kept in urban areas. Sadly then, all current owners have to _________
_________. Understandably this is heartbreaking.
[3] The animals are being forced away from the city under the banner(旗号) of public safety and
cleanliness. It"s understandable that city officials want to create a safe and clean environment for the
people of Harbin, but is the ban reasonable? Are big dogs that much of a danger and dirtier than
smaller dogs? I can understand the cleanliness issue: there"s nothing worse than walking in dog wastes
and having to clean it off your shoes. It"s disgusting! But smaller dogs create just as much mess, so
the problem will still be lying around.
[4] Cities in other countries have no policies dictating what kind of dog one can own. But their streets
are still clean and people aren"t getting chased around by crazy dogs. Dog owners should be educated
properly in how to look after their animals and be punished for breaking the laws. The dog doesn"t
break the law by using the sidewalk as a toilet; the owner does for not cleaning afterwards. Maybe
more severe punishments for the few offending owners will be a better solution, because many dog
owners do clean up after their animals.
1. What does the first paragraph have to do with the dog-losers, in other words, in what way is it
related to them? (within 8 words)
   ——————————————————————————————
2. Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 2. (within 5 words)
   ——————————————————————————————
3. What are the two reasons for larger dogs being forced out of the city? (within 10 words)
① _______________________________     ②___________________________________
4. What"s the main idea of Paragraph 3? (within 10 words)
   ———————————————————————————————————
5. What are the writer"s suggestions on how to deal with the situation? (within 18 words)
   ————————————————————————————————————

题型：山东省模拟题难度：| 查看答案