阅读理解。 Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
题型：高考真题难度：来源：
| 阅读理解。 |
Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation
born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down
because "everyone"s winter." And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before.
As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them "the overpraised generation."
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out
two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here"s how they work:
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic - you"re a born artist, point guard,
or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it"s sure to succeed without much effort and regards
failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it"s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from
future difficulties.
On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and
learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn"t on the line as much, the growth mind-set
sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it"s quick to rethink, change and
try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn"t be able to live in the world.) But
parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and
misdirecting praise. Dweck"s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional
program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make
sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure. |
| 1. What does the author think about the present generation? |
A. They don"t do well at school.
B. They are often misunderstood.
C. They are eager to win in sports.
D. They are given too much praise. |
| 2. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ . |
A. doesn"t want to work hard
B. cares a lot about personal safety
C. cannot share his ideas with others
D. can succeed with the help of teachers |
| 3. What does the growth mind-set believe? |
A. Admitting failure is shameful.
B. Talent comes with one"s birth.
C. Scores should be highly valued.
D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable. |
| 4. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck"s study? |
A. Encourage them to learn from failures.
B. Prevent them from making mistakes.
C. Guide them in doing little things.
D. Help them grow with praise. |
答案
| 1-4: DADA |
举一反三
| 阅读理解。 |
In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)said that they
have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.
Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online
through a new $60 million program, known as edX. "Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses," Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the
plan.
MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more
than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the
school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who
complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a
similar program.
The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.
MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course.
She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source
edX platform.
"Fasten your seatbelts," Hockfield said.
Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie-Mellon, have been experimenting with
teaching to a global population online.
The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit (非盈利的) organization based in
Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30
million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and
which teaching methods and tools are most successful. |
| 1. According to this text, edX is _______. |
A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare
B. a free computer program by MIT and Harvard
C. a Harvard-MIT platform of free online courses
D. a free program online for universities worldwide |
| 3. What is said about online education in the text? |
A. Universities have been trying online courses.
B. About 2,000 online courses have been offered.
C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online.
D. Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX. |
| 3. The underlined part in the text probably means " ". |
A. Get ready for the difficulties
B. Get ready for this educational change
C. Get prepared to complete the online courses
D. Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses |
| 4. What can be said about MITx according to the text? |
A. It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.
B. It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.
C. It is a standard to recognize online learners" achievement.
D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT. |
| 完形填空 |
We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be 1 to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are 2 wrong, too. For instance, we should not hurt or bully (欺负) others, nor
should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.
Rules can help the public make the right 3 , and remain safe. Car divers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them
the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent 4 .
If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be 5 for them to form what is sometimes
called a "black and white" view. For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is 6 acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into 7 .
Sometimes it may not be so easy to know 8 what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is 9 to eat animals, but other argue that they can eat meat and 10 be kind to animals; some insist that
stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so 11 when stealing some food to eat, if he lives in a really poor area and he is 12 .
Rules help us live together in harmony, because they show us the right way to 13 others. However, some people
argue that rules may be 14 , having observed that rules change all the time, and that some schools have some
regulations and others have different ones -- so who is to 15 what is right ? |
( )1. A. kind
( )2. A. equally
( )3. A. suggestions
( )4. A. accidents
( )5. A. interesting
( )6. A. seldom
( )7. A. trouble
( )8. A. roughly
( )9. A. awful
( )10.A. still
( )11.A. nervous
( )12.A. begging
( )13.A. follow
( )14.A. disgusting
( )15.A. predict
| B.sensitive
B. slightly
B. conclusions
B mistakes
B. vital
B. rarely
B. power
B. eventually
B. cruel
B. even
B. anxious
B. staving
B. instruct
B. confusing
B. explain
| C. fair
C. clearly
C. turns
C. falls
C. easy
C. merely
C. prison
C. deliberately
C. unhealthy
C. later
C. afraid
C. growing
C. treat
C. unsafe
C. decide
| D. generous
D. increasingly
D. choices
D. deaths
D. valuable
D. never
D. control
D. exactly
D. unnecessary
D. somehow
D. guilty
D. wandering
D. protect
D. unimportant
D. consider
| | 阅读理解。 | Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television
companies.
Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general
public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers.
An attraction of sport programs for the major U.S. media companies is that events are often held on
Saturday and Sunday afternoons-the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising
time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.
Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising
dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising
departments of major corporations realize that sports attract made viewers. They also realize that most
business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars
and life insurance.
Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings(收视率)are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and
business managers. This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling
high-priced cars. business and personal computer, and holiday trips .This is also why the networks
continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings.
Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high-income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of "company cars" and computer, with such viewers, these programs don"t
need high ratings to stay on the air. | | 1. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons . | A. result in more sport event
B. get more viewers to play sports
C. make more people interested in television
D. bring more money to the television networks | | 2. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs? | A. Because there would be few viewers
B. Because the advertisers would be off work
C. Because television programs would go slowly
D. Because viewers would pay less for watching television | | 3. In many families, men make decision on . | A. holiday
B. sports viewing
C. television shopping
D. expensive purchases | | 4. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because . | A. their advertisers are carmakers
B. their viewers are attracted by sports
C. their advertisers target at rich people | | 5. What is the passage mainly about? | A. Television viewers are determined by male viewers
B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies
C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television
D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport event | 信息匹配。
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。首先阅读下列某实习编辑从一组读者来信中整理出来的关
键备忘信息： | A
Hobbies: reading, listening to music and watching birds
Purpose: asking for spare copies of textbooks, teaching materials or journals | | 阅读理解。 | The year was eighteen eighty-seven. The place was New York City. A young woman, Elizabeth
Cochrane,wanted a job at a large newspaper. The editor agreed,if she would investigate a hospital for
people who were mentally sick and then write about it.
Elizabeth Cochrane decided to become a patient in the hospital herself. She used the name Nellie
Brown so no one would discover her purpose. Newspaper officials said they would get her released
(释放) after a while.
To prepare,Nellie put on old clothes and stopped washing. She went to a temporary home for
women. She acted as if she had severe mental problems. She cried and screamed and stayed awake
all night. The police were called. She was examined by doctors. Most said she was insane.
Nellie Brown was taken to the mental hospital. It was dirty. Waste material was left outside the
eating room. Bugs ran across the tables. The food was terrible:hard bread and gray-colored meat.
Nurses bathed the patients in cold water
and gave them only a thin piece of cloth to wear to bed.
During the day,the patients did nothing but sat quietly. They had to talk in quiet voices. Yet,Nellie
got to know some of them. Some were women whose families had put them in the hospital because
they had been too sick with fever. Now they were well,but they could not get out.
Nellie recognized that the doctors and nurses had no interest in the patients" mental health. They
were paid to keep the patients in a kind of jail. Nellie stayed in the hospital for ten days. Then a lawyer
from the newspaper got her released.
Five days later,the story of Elizabeth Cochrane"s experience in the hospital appeared in the New
York World Newspaper. Readers were shocked. They wrote to officials of the city and the hospital
protesting the conditions and patient treatment. An investigation led to changes at the hospital.
Elizabeth Cochrane had made a difference in the lives of the people there. She made a difference
in her own life too. She did not write it as Nellie Brown,however,or as Elizabeth Cochrane. She wrote
it under the name that always appeared on her newspaper stories:Nellie Bly. Later,Nellie Bly became
the best reporter in America. | | 1. What"s the meaning of the underlined word"insane" ? | A. Sad.
B. Violent.
C. Mad.
D. Sick. | | 2. The hospital seemed like"a kind of jail"for all the following reasons EXCEPT ____. | A. the living conditions were terrible
B. the food was of poor quality
C. the patients could neither talk loudly nor get out freel
D. the doctors and nurses had no interest in the patients" mental health | | 3. What can be inferred from the text? | A. Readers called for human rights of the mental patients.
B. There was an investigation in the hospital.
C. The patients lived a better life after the hospital was uncovered.
D. The newspaper officials didn"t know the women made up to live in the hospital. | | 4. It can be known from the text that ______was the reporter"s real name. | A. Nellie Brown
B. Elizabeth Cochrane
C. Nellie Bly
D. Elizabeth Brown | | 5. The passage is mainly about_________. | A. how a young woman got a job at the New York World
B. how a woman could change the lives of people
C. how a kind of jail became a real mental hospital
D. how a best reporter in America got her pen name | 最新试题
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