Risk of death is 3.5 to 5 times greater for obese (肥胖的) smokers than it is for p
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Risk of death is 3.5 to 5 times greater for obese (肥胖的) smokers than it is for people who have never smoked and are at a normal weight, according to a study published in the November, 2006 issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
The study, which began with a self-administered questionnaire taken between 1983 and 1989, asked more than 80,000 radiologic technologists aged 22 to 92 questions about age, height, weight and smoking behavior.
BMI (body mass index) was calculated, with a BMI of 30 to 34.9 being considered obese, and 35 and over being very obese. Smoking behavior was analyzed by looking at a person"s tobacco consumption level, number of years smoked, and current smoking status. Researchers then followed participants through December of 2002, noting the number of deaths that occurred.
The study involved researchers from the National Cancer Institute, the University of Minnesota and the American Registry of Radiolegic Technologists.
Key Findings:
20 percent of obese adults in the United States smoke.
Obese smokers face a greater risk of death from cancer and circulatory disease.
Current smoking is a greater risk factor for death by cancer than obesity is, generally speaking.
The higher a person"s pack-years (number of packs smoked per day times the number of years smoked) are, the greater the risk of death.
Men and women of all ages faced an elevated risk of death due to circulatory disease as BMI increased. And for those who were both obese and currently smoking, risk of circulatory disease increased 6 to 11 times under the age of 65, as compared to their never-smoking, normal weight counterparts.
While it"s not surprising that obesity coupled with smoking is a recipe for trouble, it is important to highlight this growing health concern in America today.
Taking Charge of Your Health
Making healthy choices can be difficult when we"re constantly exposed to products that are dangerous to our health, but it"s not impossible. With education and some motivation, we all have the ability to make lasting changes for the better. If you"re an overweight smoker worried about gaining weight due to quitting, take heart. It"s never too late to change your course and even reduce damage to some extent.
小题1:60. What is the American Journal of Preventive Medicine?| A．An medical institute. | B．A research center. | | C．A medical magazine | D．A TV station |
小题2:Which of the following is true according to the text?| A．Obese smokers are less likely to suffer from cancer. | | B．Obese smokers are more likely to suffer from cancer. | | C．Obese smokers tend to gain fewer body mass index. | | D．Obese smokers tend to get heavier than those who never smoke. |
小题3:According to the author, it is ________ to get rid of smoking.| A．easy and possible | B．difficult and impossible | | C．easy ant worthwhile | D．difficult but worthwhile |
小题4:What is the purpose of the text?| A．To inform the readers of the findings about obese smoking. | | B．To warn the readers of the danger of obese smoking. | | C．To tell us what obese smoking is. | | D．To call on the obese smokers to quit smoking. |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:D |
解析
试题分析：文章在讲肥胖抽烟都比普通人的健康更差，虽然戒烟困难但是非常值得。
小题1:C细节题 从第一段中according to a study published in the November, 2006 issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine推断出是本杂志。
小题2:B细节题 从20 percent of obese adults in the United States smoke.Obese smokers face a greater risk of death from cancer and circulatory disease.推断出A选项是错的。C项错在fewer一词上D 倒数第二段While it"s not surprising that obesity coupled with smoking is a recipe for trouble, it is important to highlight this growing health concern in America today推断D项错。从第五段Obese smokers face a greater risk of death from cancer and circulatory disease.推断B项是正确的
小题3:D 推断题从最后一段 It"s never too late to change your course and even reduce damage to some extent.。Making healthy choices can be difficult when we"re constantly exposed to products that are dangerous to our health, but it"s not impossible推断戒烟是很难但是很值得的。
小题4:D主旨大意 作者意图在告诫人们去戒烟。 |
举一反三
Researchers in London and Bristol have found that men are particularly likely to yield to depression if their partners are also depressed.
The finding highlights the importance of paying attention to the partners of depressed mothers, as young children themselves are vulnerable (容易受伤的) to social problems if both parents are depressed.
Researchers in London and at the University of Bristol launched their study to investigate whether family structure affects the likelihood of depression in men around the time their child is born. They looked at men from traditional families, men with children from a previous relationship, men whose partners had children by a former partner, and men who were not living with their partners.
All 7,108 participants filled out a questionnaire on depression, and answered questions about their age, education level and employment status. Details about the quality of their relationships with their partners, networks of friends and previous life events were also recorded.
About 3.5 percent of the men and 13 percent of their partners suffered depression around the time their child was born. While men in stepfamilies or who were not living with their partners were twice as likely to get depressed as those in traditional families, this could be explained by other factors that are more common in nontraditional families, such as poor education and relationship conflicts.
Even allowing for all these factors, however, the partners of women who were suffering from prenatal (围产期的) depression were significantly more likely to become depressed themselves, the researchers report in an American journal. Ten percent of women who were depressed had depressed partners. For the healthy women, the figure was only 2.6 percent.
Previous research suggests that families with two depressed parents may need special attention. A researcher in Atlanta has found that primary school children with two troubled parents have difficulty relating to their peers. “It’s extremely important to look at the whole family.” she says.
小题1:What can we conclude from the first two paragraphs of this passage?| A．Men often beat their children. | | B．Depressed women often have depressed partners. | | C．All young children are vulnerable to social problems. | | D．Women with children often have depressed partners. |
小题2:Why did researchers in London and Bristol carry out such an investigation?| A．To see what kind of family environment is ideal for children to grow up in. | | B．To study whether family structure affects depression in men when their child is born. | | C．To investigate why so many men get depressed when a child is born. | | D．To see whether it is true that behind every depressed man there is a depressed woman. |
小题3:What kind of men is least likely to get depressed when their child was born?| A．Men in stepfamilies. | | B．Men who were not living with their partners. | | C．Men in traditional families. | | D．Men in nontraditional families. |
小题4:According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?| A．Ten percent of women who were depressed had depressed partners. | | B．2.6 percent of healthy women were depressed. | | C．Special attention should be paid to families in which both the father and the mother were depressed. | | D．Primary school children whose parents were both depressed couldn’t get along well withtheir peers. |
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Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then , consider this: you might be in a state of sub - health （亚健康）.
Sub - health, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.
According to the survey by the National Health Organization, Over 45 percent of sub - healthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam week.
Symptoms （征兆）include a shortage of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia （失眠）and poor memory , Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from sub - health, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, ale mate work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.
As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar . They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements - vitamins and trace elements - that are important to the body.
Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract （消化道）. They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub - health.
小题1:When you are in a state of sub - health, you should________.| A．stay home and keep silent | | B．go to a doctor and buy some medicine | | C．not consider it very serious | | D．find out the reasons and relax yourself |
小题2:Middle - aged people may be easy to get sub - healthy because________.| A．they have used up their energy | | B．they have lost their living hopes | | C．they have more pressure in life and work. | | D．they have changed their way of life |
小题3:The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub health is to________.| A．keep on working regularly | B．go to sleep a bit earlier | | C．form good living habits | D．take medicine if necessary |
小题4:As for food, experts suggested that________.| A．we should never eat meat | | B．we should have variety of food | | C．we should eat less than usual | | D．we should have meals without sugar |
小题5:The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to________| A．arrange by turns | B．cause to take place | | C．make up for | D．keep away from |
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Our risk of cancer rises rapidly as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors (肿瘤) or doesn’t it?
While such tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.
In many cases, screening can lead to additional examinations and operations to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not cause serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained (根深蒂固的) that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a noisy reaction among doctors, patients and social groups.
It’s hard to uproot deeply-held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or previous personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the rest, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy.
A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening—especially considering the explosion of the elderly.
It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that makes sense for patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves from medical disputes. We need to think about the wise use of health care, which means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.”
小题1:Routine cancer screening for the elderly people makes sense because ______. | A．it is believed to contribute to a long life | | B．it is part of their health care package | | C．they are more sensitive about the health | | D．they are in greater danger of tumor growth |
小题2:How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?| A．It adds too much to their medical bills. | | B．They are doubtful about necessity. | | C．It helps increase their life expectancy. | | D．They think it does more harm than good. |
小题3:What is the traditional view about women screening for breast cancer?| A．It is a must for adult women. | | B．It applies to women over 50. | | C．It is intended for young women. | | D．It doesn’t apply to women over |
小题4:Why do many doctors advise routine screening for cancer?| A．They want to take advantage of the medical care system. | | B．They want to protect themselves against medical disputes. | | C．They want data for medical research. | | D．They want their patients to suffer less. |
小题5:What does the writer say is the general view about health care?| A．Better care, longer life. | | B．Prevention is better than cure. | | C．Better early than late. | | D．The more, the better. |
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Health experts are calling for action to increase cancer care and control in the developing world. A medical research paper says cancer was once thought of as a problem mostly in the developed world. But now cancer is a leading cause of death and disability in poor countries as well. Experts from Harvard University and other organizations urge the international community to fight cancer actively, saying it should be fought in the way HIV/AIDS has been fought in Africa.
Cancer kills more than 7.5 million people a year worldwide. Almost two-thirds are in low-income and middle-income countries.
They discover cancer kills more people in developing countries than AIDS, tuberculosis (肺结核) and malaria (疟疾) combined. But the world spends only 5% of its cancer resources in those countries.
Felicia Knaul from Harvard Medical School was one of the writers of the paper. She was in Mexico when she was found to have breast cancer. She received treatment there and her experience showed her the sharp difference between the rich and the poor in treating breast cancer.
Felicia Knaul says, “And we are seeing how this is attacking young women. It’s the number two cause of death in Mexico for women thirty to fifty-four. All over the developing world, it’s the number one cancer-related death among young women. I think we have to again say that there is much more we could do about it than we are doing about it.”
Professor Knalul met community health workers during her work in developing countries. They were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from the cancer. They were able to persuade people to get tested to prevent the illness. The experts say cancer care does not have to be costly. For example, patients can be treated with lower-cost drugs.
小题1:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．Cancer – a leading cause of death in poor countries | | B．What should we do in preventing and treating cancer? | | C．What makes the first killer in developing countries? | | D．Experts urge more efforts to fight cancer. |
小题2:Felicia Knaul’s experience in Mexico shows that .| A．many Mexican women suffer from breast cancer | | B．there is not enough medicine for cancer there | | C．many Mexican women can’t afford medical care | | D．patients with breast cancer are treated differently |
小题3:From what Felicia Knaul says, we can draw the conclusion that .| A．breast cancer is a great threat to young women | | B．people don’t pay enough attention to breast cancer | | C．breast cancer is the second killer among women in Mexico | | D．patients can be treated effectively in developing countries |
小题4:Who plays an important part in preventing the cancer in developing countries?| A．The cancer patients. | B．The health experts. | | C．Community health workers. | D．Young women. |
小题5:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．The number of cancer cases is decreasing. | | B．HIV/AIDS is not being taken seriously in Africa. | | C．Over 7.5 million people die of cancer every year. | | D．It is very expensive to treat cancer. |
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If a city wishes to host the Olympics, it must submit a proposal(提交提案) to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated, the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships(社团赞助), tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
小题1:_______will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A. A city that submits a proposal B. A majority winner in voting
C. A city that has perfect time zone D. One that hasn’t hosted the Games
小题2: Which of the following words can be used to replace the word “ selecting” in paragraph 2?| A．electing | B．hoping | C．choosing | D．thinking |
小题3:If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks___.| A．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours | | B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events | | C．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights | | D．will not pay for the Canadian television networks |
小题4:According to the last paragraph, which following statement is true?| A．The host city must be left with large debts | | B．The city may achieve a lot of money | | C．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games | | D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money |
小题5:Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?| A．How to host Olympic Games | B．Winner or loser | | C．Applying for host for Olympics | D．The Olympic Games |
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