A growing number of workers at Google Inc., Facebook Inc. and other employers ar

题型：不详难度：来源：

A growing number of workers at Google Inc., Facebook Inc. and other employers are trading in their sit-down desks for standing ones, saying they feel more comfortable and energized. They also are motivated by medical reports saying that sitting for too long leads to increased health risks.
A standing desk sits high off the floor so a worker can either stand at it or sit on a high stool to use it. Officials at Palo Alto-based Facebook say a number of employees asked about standing desks after news articles were published about the health risks of sitting all day.
The stories cited medical studies that tied excessive sitting to increased obesity and other health problems because of factors including a drop in physical activity. A 2010 study by the American Cancer Society found that women who sat more than six hours a day were 37% more likely to die prematurely than women who sat for less than three hours, while the early-death rate for men was 18% higher. The American College of Cardiology released a study in January that found increased mortality (死亡率) among people who sat longer at home than those who didn"t.
No one seems to compile statistics on the standing-desk trend. But anecdotal reports suggest Silicon Valley is embracing the movement.
Facebook officials say they have seen an upsurge in requests for standing desks to five to eight a week with a total of between 200 and 250 deployed (配置) at the company of more than 2,000 employees. Facebook also is trying out a treadmill station ─ where a worker can walk or run on a treadmill while tapping at a computer.
Google spokesman Jordan Newman said that "many employees at Google opt for standing desks, and we offer them as part of our wellness program" though he said he didn"t know the exact number.
Greg Hoy, 39 years old, asked for a standing desk shortly after joining Facebook seven months ago as a design recruiter. "I don"t get the 3 o"clock slump anymore," he said. "I feel active all day long."
小题1:The underlined word “motivated” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by .

A．frightened

B．inspired

C．missed

D．discouraged

小题2:According to paragraph 3, we can know that .

A．a drop in physical activity was the only reason why excessive sitting caused increased obesity.

B．women who sat longer were more likely to die prematurely according to a 2010 study by American College of Cardiology

C．according to the study, the early-death rate for men was 18% higher than that for women.

D．the mortality among people who didn’t sat long at home was lower than that among people who did.

小题3:According to paragraph 5, which of the following statements is true about a treadmill station ?

A．is a computer that a worker can take along when he walks or runs

B．has been tried out by Facebook and now is very popular with other companies

C．is a place where workers can exercise while working.

D．is a treadmill on which workers can run or walk only after work

小题4:The passage mainly talks about .

A．sitting for too long leads to increased health risks

B．standing desks have replaced sit-down ones in Facebook Inc.

C．more and more workers choose standing desks instead of sit-down ones

D．many employees at Google opt for standing desks

答案

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:A

解析

试题分析：本文讲述的是长时间的站立会导致人们健康方面出较多的问题，所以倡导人们要适当地站立多运动。
小题1:C 推理题。根据本句They also are motivated by medical reports saying that sitting for too long leads to increased health risks.说明一些医学方面的报告也说长时间坐着会导致很多的疾病，这样的报告也在激励着他们多站立，故C项正确。
小题2:B 细节题。根据第三段3,4,5行A 2010 study by the American Cancer Society found that women who sat more than six hours a day were 37% more likely to die prematurely than women who sat for less than three hours, while the early-death rate for men was 18% higher.说明B项正确。
小题3:D 细节题。根据第五段3,4行Facebook also is trying out a treadmill station ─ where a worker can walk or run on a treadmill while tapping at a computer说明D项正确。
小题4:A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是长时间的站立会导致人们健康方面出较多的问题，所以倡导人们要适当地站立多运动，故A正确。
点评：本文属于健康类短文，倡导人们少坐，多站多运动。本文要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。

举一反三

Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you"ll know they"re actually the latest in teenage footwear.
But experts are now warning that the latest shoes in different styles will be causing teenagers discomfort(不舒适） in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future.
Here, the experts discover the problems caused by teenagers" shoe choice.
KEDS/VANS

Slip-on shoes with elastic (弹性的) sides are particularly popular among teenage boys - with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.
The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which hits the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.
BALLET PUMPS

The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.
“As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing a difficult gait（步法）, this leads to short- and long-term problems such as calluses（茧子）, heel and knee pain.”
WEDGES AND STILETTOS

These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer"s body weight forward, making them very shaky.
Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with continuous back pain.
SCHOOL SHOES
So what do podiatrists（足科医生）have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?
Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark"s, Marks & Spencer or Rhino.
If your teen insists on wearing "bad" shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矫形器) in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often change their walk and halt the damage.
小题1:Of all the shoes mentioned(提到) in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?

A．Marks & Spencer.	B．Wedges & Stilettos.
C．Keds and Vans.	D．Ballet Pumps.

小题2:Which pair of shoes may not be found on the podiatrists’ wish list?

A．

B．

C．

D．

小题3:The underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means _______.

A．increase

B．worsen

C．stop

D．cause

小题4:In which column of Mail Online can you find this passage?

A．Sports.

B．Science.

C．Health.

D．Shopping.

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（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is your skin that keeps your insides from falling out. It helps you warm up when you are cold, and it can cool you off when you are hot. It lets you feel things by touch.
Like the heart, stomach and brain, your skin is an organ. In fact, it is the largest organ in your body. But it is still easy to take skin for granted.  1  But skin has an important job to do.
Your skin is constantly protecting you.   2  When you take care of your skin, you are helping your skin do its job. And taking care of your skin today will help prevent future problems, like wrinkles(皱纹) and even skin cancer.
3   Keeping your hands clean all the time is especially important because they can spread germs(细菌) to the skin on other parts of your body.
4   Cold or hot water may hurt your skin. Wet your hands, then lather up with a mild soap (香皂). You should rub everywhere, including the palms, the wrists and the nails. Wash them well, dry thoroughly with a clean towel and you’re done.
You"ll also want to use warm water when you take a bath. Use soap to clean your body. Don"t forget under your arms and behind your ears! Your face needs attention, especially as you enter puberty(青春期) and the skin on your face gets more oily.  5

A．One simple way to take care of your skin is to keep it clean.

B．It is a good habit to wash your hands before and after meals.

C．When washing your hands, use water that’s comfortably warm.

D．It keeps infections out of your body and keeps you from getting sick.

E.     Unless there’s a problem, your may not think about your skin very much.
F.     Your skin plays a more important role in keeping you healthy during your puberty.
G.    It’s a good idea to wash your face once or twice daily with warm water and a mild soap.

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Studies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school. It doesn’t take much further thought to know that adults will feel better and do better at work as well. Whether you work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to have no breakfast.
If we have no breakfast, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel (食物). By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee or eat a sugary candy bar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunch time we are hungry. Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day.
Having no breakfast is a popular way to lose weight, but not a smart one. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they have no meals, but that just isn’t true; the body expects to be refueled a few times a day, starting with a healthy breakfast. Eating breakfast is good for losing weight. In fact, people who eat breakfast are more likely to keep a healthy weight.
A healthy breakfast should have some protein (蛋白质) and some fiber (纤维). Protein can come from low fat meats, eggs, or beans. Fiber can be found in whole grains, vegetables and fruits. A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with low fat milk. Stay away from sugary foods and white bread because they are digested (消化) quickly and will leave you hungry and tired in several hours. Protein and fiber will keep you feeling full until lunch time.
小题1:The first paragraph mainly tells us that ______.

A．it is necessary to have a good breakfast every day

B．many adults are too busy to have breakfast every day

C．many adults go to work without having breakfast

D．many children go to school without breakfast

小题2:According to the passage, we feel tired at work probably because __.

A．we need to have a cup of coffee

B．we don’t have a good breakfast

C．our brains don’t work any longer

D．we don’t have enough sleep at night

小题3:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Having a good breakfast can help you to finish your work.

B．Eating a good breakfast is enough for the whole day.

C．Breakfast is really the most important meal in a day.

D．You will be happier if you have a good breakfast.

小题4:We can learn from the last paragraph that ______.

A．it is healthy only to have beans and eggs for your breakfast

B．you mustn’t have meat for your breakfast

C．you should eat sugary foods if you feel hungry

D．you should eat something which has protein and fiber for breakfast

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers(慢跑的人). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. “Come on!” My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. “You’ll feel great.”
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I’m not alone in my opinion.
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet are a real pounding（沉重的脚步） running down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesn’t kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn’t my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, “I love being out there with just my thoughts” Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn’t just the first week—it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn’t fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don’t jog any more, and I don’t think I ever will. I’m walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I’m getting exercise, and I’m enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I’ve found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
小题1:From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer’s neighborhood _________.

A．Jogging became very popular

B．People jogged only during the daytime

C．Alex organized an army of joggers

D．Jogging provided a chance to get together

小题2:The underlined word “them”（Paragraph 3） most probably refers to _____．

A．heart attacks	B．back problems
C．hundreds of people	D．physical weaknesses

小题3:From the writer’s experience, we can conclude that_____

A．Jogging can help people keep fit

B．Many physical problems result from jogging

C．Not everyone enjoys jogging

D．Jogging makes people feel greater

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

阅读表达(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don’t feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.
Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled StressandSleep, indicates that stress / worry and (lack of ) sleep are directly related. Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep，” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us.”
So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours is about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.
Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out，” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.”
小题1:What is the best title of the passage? (No more than 10 words)
小题2:What does the underlined word “indicates” in the second paragraph mean？(1 word)
小题3:What’s the relationship between stress and sleep according to Dr. Henry Winkle? (No more than 20 words)
小题4:Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments from the passage against the idea. (No more than 30 words)
小题5:Doing what things can help us fall asleep quickly? (No more than 10 words)

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案