Bungee jumping is an activity about jumping from a tall structure while connecte
题型：不详难度：来源：
Bungee jumping is an activity about jumping from a tall structure while connected to a large elastic cord(有弹性的绳子). The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, bridge or crane; but it is also possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air balloon or helicopter, that has the ability to stay over one place on the ground; fixed-wing aircraft are unsuitable because they only stay high when moving quickly forward.
When the person jumps, the cord stretches to absorb (吸收)the energy of the fall, then the jumper flies upwards again as the cord jumps back. The jumper oscillates(摆动)up and down until all the energy is used up.
The word bungee first appeared around 1930 and was the name for a rubber eraser. The first modern bungee jumps were made on 1 April 1979 from the 250-foot Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol, by David Kirk, Chris Baker and Alan Weston of the Dangerous Sports Club. The jumpers continued with jumps in the US from the Golden Gate and Royal Gorge bridges, spreading the concept worldwide. By 1982 they were jumping from mobile cranes and hot-air balloons. Later they put on commercial(商业的)shows, which began in 1986.
As with any sport, injuries can still happen, and there have been deaths. A relatively common mistake in the cases that may cause death is to use a cord that is too long. The cord should be fully shorter than the height of the jumping place to allow it room to jumper either starts to slow down or keeps speeding up depending upon the speed of falling.
小题1:Which of the following is NOT suitable for bungee jumping?| A．The fixed-wing aircraft | B．The helicopter | | C．The hot-air balloon | D．The mobile crane |
小题2:In the second paragraph, the author tells_________________.| A．who suits bungee jumping | | B．the principle of bungee jumping | | C．the material used for bungee jumping | | D．the danger of bungee jumping |
小题3:According to the last paragraph, the safety of the jumpers depends mainly on________.| A．the weight of the jumper | | B．the height of the jumping place | | C．the length of the cord | | D．the speed of the falling |
小题4:The purpose of writing this passage is to__________.| A．teach people how to carry out a bungee jumping | | B．remind people of the danger of bungee jumping | | C．advise people not to take the risk of bungee jumping | | D．introduce some knowledge about bungee jumping |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:D |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了蹦极跳的一些知识。包括适合这项运动的场合，原理如何保证安全等。
小题1:细节题：文章第一段的句子：The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, bridge or crane; but it is also possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air balloon or helicopter,可知答案是A
小题2:段落主旨题：文章第二段介绍了蹦极跳的原理。选B
小题3:从文章的最后一段的句子：The cord should be fully shorter than the height of the jumping place to allow it room to jumper either starts to slow down or keeps speeding up depending upon the speed of falling.可知蹦极跳安全的关键是有弹性的绳子。选C
小题4:主旨题：文章介绍了蹦极跳的一些知识。选D
点评：文章有很强的实用性，和题目相关的有的涉及到一些长句的理解，要求考生长句的分析能力，还有段落大意的归纳，考查学生的概括能力，考生做题时要多的通过句子看到本质。 |
举一反三
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning(中毒). Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.
Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（释放）poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
小题1:Which of the following statements is NOT true? | A．Food when poisoned can make people sick. | B．Food poisoning means death. | | C．Food poisoning comes in varieties. | D．Food poisoning can be serious. |
小题2:We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning .| A．are always accompanied by a fever | B．are too common to be noted | | C．can be noticed within hours | D．can he ignored |
小题3:Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT . | A．some chemicals | B．low temperatures | | C．some tiny living things | D．certain natural materials |
小题4:From Paragraph 5,we can learn that .| A．mushrooms should not be eaten | | B．vegetables are safer than meat and seafood | | C．natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals | | D．different types of food should be handled differently |
小题5:It can be inferred from the passage that .| A．natural materials are safe in food processing | | B．chemicals are needed in food processing | | C．food poisoning can be kept under control | | D．food poisoning is out of control |
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阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
People who smoke could lose around one third of their daily memory, researchers say.
A study by a team at Northumbria University showed that smokers lost more of their memory when compared to non-smokers.
And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers.
The study involved more than seventy 18-to-25-year-olds and included a tour of the university’s campus. Those who took part were asked to recall small details, such as a list of songs played at a campus concert and tasks completed at various points－known as real world memory test. Smokers performed badly, remembering just 59 percent of tasks. But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks.
Dr. Tom Heffernan, who leads Northumbria University’s Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group, said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns. He said, “Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in the United States, it"s important to understand the effects smoking has on everyday cognitive（认知的）function-of which prospective memory is an excellent example. ”
“This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an impact on memory. We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits for the body, but this study also shows how stopping smoking can have knock-on benefits for cognitive functions too. ’’
The research will now investigate the effects of passive smoking on memory, while Dr. Heffernan and Dr. Terence O’Neil will look into the effects of third-hand smoking－toxins left on curtains and furniture.
小题1:What’s the main idea of the passage?| A．Smoking does harm to health. | | B．Smokers take a tour to the University’s campus. | | C．Smoking can affect one’s memory. | | D．Smokers are compared to non-smokers. |
小题2:How did those who took part in the study perform when asked to recall small details?| A．Smokers did the worst among the participants. | | B．Non-smokers could recall about half of them. | | C．Smokers could recall nothing at all. | | D．Those who gave up smoking did best. |
小题3:According to Dr. Tom Heffernan, the findings_______. | A．would be really a surprise to the public | | B．would contribute to fighting against smoking | | C．would be used in real world memory test | | D．would be nothing new to the researchers |
小题4:What does the underlined word “impact’’ most probably mean?| A．order | B．impression | C．expression | D．effect |
小题5:What will Dr. Heffernan and Dr Terence O’Neil do?| A．Investigate the effects of third-hand smoking. | | B．Do research on how smoking affects passive smokers. | | C．Find ways to persuade people to quit smoking. | | D．Study whether giving up smoking affects memory. |
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Which do you think is the best way to keep healthy?
With the development of the society, people no longer worry about where their next meal comes from as they did in the old days. They become more and more concerned about their health problem. Different people come up with different views: eating green food, doing outdoor exercises or going to hospital for medical treatment frequently. As far as I am concerned, the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of psychology(心理).
According to some surveys, nowadays, most patients are not physically sick but mentally(精神上) ill. They feel the burden on their shoulders is much heavier than others, so they can’t step out of the shadow of depression and sadness. They need to release their spirit to the nature.
Besides, if you have developed a good quality of psychology, you’ll become more sociable and thus more willing to play your part in the society. Joining in some keep-fit clubs or attending some travel agency, which by themselves are various versions of physical exercise, will benefit you a lot.
As a poem says, youth is not a period of time; it’s a state of mind. Everybody wants to keep young at heart because youth is a symbol for endless energy and passion for living.
Keep a good quality of mind, or keep a sense of humour, even if you are 80, and you’ll never be old.
小题1:According to the passage, in the old days, what people cared most might be _____.| A．food | B．exercising | C．clothing | D．health |
小题2:According to the writer, the best way to keep healthy is to _____.| A．have meals regularly | B．do outdoor exercises | | C．go to hospital frequently | D．keep psychological health |
小题3:The most probable reason for patients who are mentally ill might be ____.| A．burden | B．depression | C．sadness | D．spirit |
小题4:The best way to develop a good quality of psychology might be ____.| A．taking social responsibility | B．exercising in a keep-fit club | | C．going on journeys | D．taking physical exercise |
小题5:The key point to keep young is to _____.| A．keep exercising | B．keep a young heart | | C．keep humourous | D．keep a proper diet |
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After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get while sleeping makes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day.
There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your body relaxes (放松) little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts (变换) back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.
Though your mind slows down, you will dream from time to time. Scientists who study sleep point out that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.
If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend (建议) breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep.
小题1:The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____. | A．suffer from poor health | B．feel tired and nervous | | C．dream more often | D．breathe quickly |
小题2:During REM, _____. | A．you move restlessly | | B．you start dreaming | | C．your mind stops working | | D．your eyeballs move quickly |
小题3:The underlined word "drowsy" in the last paragraph probably means _____. | A．lazy | B．sleepy | C．relaxed | D．pleased |
小题4:A good title for this text might be _____. | A．Dreams | B．Sleep | | C．Good Health | D．Work and Rest |
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Eating foods high in trans-fats(fats present in artificial form in industrially-produced cakes and fast food...) and saturated (饱和的) fats increases the risk of depression, according to a Spanish study, confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the disease. Researchers also showed that some products, such as olive oil, can fight against the risk of mental illness.
Authors of the wide-reaching study, from the universities of Navarra and Las Palmas, followed and analyzed the diet and lifestyle of over l2,000 volunteers over six years. When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers.
“Participants with an increased consumption of trans-fats presented up to a 48 percent increase in the risk of depression when they were compared to participants who did not consume these fats,” the head study author said. “The more trans-fats were consumed, the greater harmful effect they produced in the volunteers.”
The research team found, at the same time, that after assessing the effect of polyunsaturated fats made up of larger amounts of fish and vegetable oils and olive oil, these products are associated with a lower risk of suffering depression.
The report, published in the online journal PLOS ONE, noted the research was performed on a European population that enjoys a relatively low intake of trans-fats—making up only 0.4 percent of the total energy taken in by the volunteers. “Despite this, we observed an increase in the risk of suffering depression of nearly 50 percent,” said researcher Miguel Martinez. “On this basis we think it of great importance to take this effect into account in countries like the United States, where the percentage of energy derived from these fats is around 2.5 percent.”
The report pointed out that the current number of depression sufferers in the world is around l50 million people, and has increased in recent years. This rise is attributable, according to the authors, “to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Western diets, where we have replaced certain types of beneficial fats in nuts, vegetable oils and fish with the saturated and trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.”
小题1:What"s the best title of the text?| A．Junk Food and Depression | B．Depression Prevention | | C．Types of Fats and Depression | D．Depression Research |
小题2:Which of the following increases the risk of suffering depression?| A．Fish. | B．Vegetable oil. | C．Olive oil. | D．Butter. |
小题3:The study tells us that .| A．2.5% Americans suffer mental illness | | B．l2,000 volunteers in Navarra took part | | C．a minority of participants became new sufferers | | D．l50 million Europeans enjoy a healthier lifestyle |
小题4:The underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to .| A．obtained | B．chosen | C．separated | D．preserved |
小题5:More and more Westerners are suffering depression because .| A．they have less time for exercise | | B．they eat more nuts, vegetable oils and fish | | C．the sources of fats in their diets have changed | | D．less meat, butter, and cakes are included in their diets |
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