There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few
题型：不详难度：来源：
There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into (调查) laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health. Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial (有益的).
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated (忍受) the pain for the longest time was the groups which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which reduce both stress (紧张；压力) and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics (诊所), in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小题1:The underlined phrase “took the saying seriously” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.| A．treat the saying as important | B．treat the saying as interesting | | C．treat the saying as dangerous | D．treat the saying as funny |
小题2:The main idea of the passage is _______.| A．laughter and physical exercises have similar effects on the human body | | B．smile can produce the same effects as laughter | | C．pain can be reduced by laughter | | D．laughter is the best medicine |
小题3:Doctors hold laughter clinics _______.| A．to give better condition to their patients | | B．in order to improve patients’ health | | C．to make patients smile | | D．to prove smile and laughter have the same effect |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:B |
解析
试题分析：本文是篇说明文，这篇文章通过举例说明笑是治疗疾病最好的药。
小题1:这句话的意思是，直到现在，很少有人认真对待这一说法，故选A。
小题2:根据There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.”以及全文内容.故选D。
小题3:根据As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics (诊所), in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh.故选B。
点评：这篇文章非常简单，先看问题，再带着问题仔细阅读短文，理解了全文内容，很容易选出正确答案。阅读注意事项：1、关注连词，分析文章逻辑结构。2、聚焦代词，明辨指代关系。3、抓住关键词语，利用平行结构、上下文（包括定义、释义、举例、对比、标点）进行判断与推理。4、了解一些构词法，从词根的特殊含义入手。 |
举一反三
How many times have you got upset because someone wasn"t doing his job，because your child isn"t behaving？How many times have you been irritated (恼怒的) when you"ve planned something carefully and things didn"t go as you"d hoped?
This kind of anger and irritation happens to all of us—it’s part of the human experiences.
One thing that irritates me is when people talk during a movie，or cut me off in traffic. Actually, I have a lot of these little annoyances—don"t we all？And it isn’t always easy to find peace when you’ve become upset or irritated.
Let me tell you a little secret to finding peace of mind: see the glass as already broken .
See, the cause of our stress, anger and irritation is that things don"t go the way we like, the way we expect them to. Think of how many times this has been true for you. And so the solution is simple：expect things to go wrong, expect things to be different than we hoped or planned，expect the unexpected to happen. And accept it.
One quick example: on our recent trip to Japan, I told my kids to expect things to go wrong—they always do on a trip. I told them, “See it as part of the adventure.”
And this worked like a charm. When we inevitably(不可避免地) took the wrong train on a foreignlanguage subway system, or when it rained on the day we went to Disney Sea, or when we took three trains and walked 10 blocks only to find the National Children"s Castle closed on Mondays...they said, “It"s part of the adventure！” And it was all OK—we didn"t get too bothered.
So when the nice glass you bought inevitably falls and breaks some day, you might get upset. But things will be different, if you see the glass as already broken, from the day you get it. You know it"ll break some day, so from the beginning, see it as already broken. Be a timetraveler, or someone with timetraveling vision, and see the future of this glass, from this moment until it inevitably breaks. And when it breaks, you won"t be upset or sad—because it was already broken, from the day you got it. And you’ll realize that every moment you have with it is precious.
小题1:The author would probably agree that________.| A．we should control our anger and irritation | | B．we must get well prepared for the future | | C．optimism can help us overcome our anger and irritation | | D．anger and irritation is a natural part of our life |
小题2:The purpose of the author is to________.| A．tell us his own experience in life | | B．advise us how to find peace of mind | | C．tell us a happy trip he took with his children | | D．ask us to see things from both sides |
小题3:By the underlined part (in Para.3), the author tells us to________.| A．get ready for the worst result of things | | B．enjoy the process of things | | C．expect little from life | | D．find the relationship between cause and effect |
小题4:The author’s children could enjoy their trip to Japan because________.| A．everything went smoothly | | B．they had a lot of adventures | | C．they had expected things to go wrong | | D．they could soon get used to the customs there |
小题5:We can learn from the passage that the author________.| A．often gets angry in his life | | B．can adjust his state of mind accordingly | | C．always expects others to act in his way | | D．always suffers from his anger and irritation |
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When we think about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, a pinnacle (顶点) of sheer (纯粹的) delight. And those pinnacles seem to get rarer the older we get.
1 I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at such peaks of pleasure as winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved.
For teenagers, or people under 20 the concept of happiness changes. 2 I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also remember the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young man.
In adulthood the things that bring great joy—birth, love, marriage—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. 3 For adults, happiness is complex.
4 But I think a better definition of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It"s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health.
While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. Happiness isn"t about what happens to us; it’s the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a difficulty as a challenge. 5 | A．Love may not last; loved ones die. | | B．For a child, happiness has a magic quality. | | C．Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life. | | D．Being happy doesn’t mean that everything is perfect. |
E. The dictionary defines “happy” as “lucky” or “ fortunate”.
F. It"s not wishing for what we don"t have, but enjoying what we do possess.
G. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity. |
An exercise method (Gyrotonics) designed to stretch muscles and improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States. Here"s more about Gyrotonics and the man who invented this special form of exercise.
Gyrotonics is a kind of exercise that combines the movements of dancing and swimming with the mental and physical practice called yoga. It helps lengthen muscles, improve balance, and exercise the joints, the parts of the body where bones are joined.
A Hungarian dancer named Juliu Horvath developed this special form of exercise. After he was injured in dancing, Mr. Horvath studied yoga intensely. In the 1980s, he developed a new exercise method as a special kind of yoga to strengthen dancers.
According to Mr. Horvath, his method was based on the octopus(章鱼)，monkey and cat. He says these animals have no restrictions. They can move in any direction the Gyrotonic movements to help the human body move more freely.
A special machine made of wood and weights(砝码) helps guide the body through the Gyrotonics exercises. You sit or lie on a flat board. You put your legs or hands through special cloth handles attached to a line with weights. With the tension created by the weights, you must try to move through the exercises.
Seven kinds of backbone movements form the base of Gyrotonics. For example, you can stretch your back to the left and right or forward and backward. While moving your back, you can also work on arm or leg motions. These movements must be done in a smooth way. Often the motions are circular(圆形的)。
When Juliu Horvath first developed Gyrotonics, he was the only teacher. Since then, he has taught almost 70 trainers. Now, there are more then 800 official schools in the world where you can learn Gyrotonics.
小题1:This passage mainly focuses on _____.| A．A successful life of Horvath | B．A popular kind of exercise | | C．Some advice on health care | D．Some uses of a special machine |
小题2:According to the passage, what made it possible for Horvath to develop Gyrotonics?| A．His dancing-related injury. | B．His failure in practicing yoga. | | C．His good skills of dancing | D．His wish to be a Gyrotonics trainer. |
小题3:What do you think inspired Horvath in developing Gyrotonics?| A．His experience in dancing. | B．His use of a special machine. | | C． The movements of some animals. | D．The ideas from many trainers. |
小题4:What can we learn from the passage?| A．Many Americans have improved their health through Gyrotonics. | | B．In a way, Gyrotonics is an exercise that comes from yoga. | | C．You only have to move your backbone when doing the exercise. | | D．Gyrotonics courses can be found in most countries worldwide. |
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Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between races (种族) and rates (率) of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.
Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2.000 people in the study developed lung cancer.
Researchers say genetics (遗传学) might help explain the racial and ethnic（种族的） differences. There could be differences in how people"s bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.
African-Americans and Latinos in the study are reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites are the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.
Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted (针对) medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it "a step toward the promise of personalized medicine."
小题1:Researchers agree that it is that may probably determine black people’s risk of lung cancer.| A．the larger amount of smoking than white people | | B．the living style or habit of the blacks | | C．the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs | | D．the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke |
小题2:People in the new study are made up of .| A．heavy smokers in America | B．smokers and non-smokers | | C．the Asians and Hawaiians | D．the black and white people |
小题3:The production of BiDil referred to in the last paragraph is to .| A．explain different races react to some diseases differently | | B．tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers | | C．show a big step people have taken in the medicine area | | D．support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers |
小题4:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?| A．The way of smoking may increase the risk of lung cancer. | | B．Race has nothing to do with the risk of having a lung cancer. | | C．The research was started by the New England Journal of Medicine. | | D．he risk of lung cancer lies I how much a person smokes. |
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Chocolate is good for your heart, skin and brain. Usually, people think that chocolate is bad for their health. They describe chocolate as “something to die for” or say “death by chocolate”. Now they should bite their tongues! Evidence(证据) is showing that some kinds of chocolate are actually good for you in the following ways:
A happier heart
Scientists at Harvard University recently examined 136 studies on cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate and found that it does seem to strengthen the heart. Studies have shown heart benefits from increased blood flow. These benefits are the result of cocoa’s chemicals, which seem to prevent both cell damage and inflammation(炎症).
Better blood pressure
If yours is high, chocolate may help. Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University recently
found that people with high blood pressure who ate 3.5 ounces of dark chocolate
per day for two weeks their blood pressure drop quickly.
Muscle magic
Chocolate milk may help you recover after a hard workout(锻炼). In a small study at Indiana University, people who drank chocolate milk between workouts did better on a tiredness test than those who had some sports drinks.
Better for your skin. German researchers gave 24 women a half-cup of special cocoa every day. After three months, the women’s skin was moister(滑润的)and smoother. The research shows that chocolate helps protect and increase blood flow to the skin, improving its appearance.
Brain gains
It sounds almost too good to be true, but research suggests that chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving by increasing blood flow to the brain.
小题1:Which of the following is wrong? | A．Coca’s chemicals can prevent both cell damage and inflammation. | | B．Chocolate may help you lower your blood pressure. | | C．People early know chocolate is good for their health. | | D．Chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving. |
小题2:What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?| A．Sports drinks are better than chocolate milk. | | B．Sports drinks can make people easy to be tired. | | C．Drinking milk can keep you energetic at work. | | D．We should drink chocolate milk between times when we work hard. |
小题3:What’s the main idea of the text?| A．Chocolate, a Healthy Food | B．More Chocolate, Less Health | | C．Chocolate and Blood Pressure | D．Advice on Eating Chocolate |
小题4:What’s the meaning of “bite their tongues” in the first paragraph?| A．Think of it. | B．Speak up. | C．Stop talking | D．Listen to it |
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