“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”“Two full inches in the first t
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“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days！”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine，newspaper，radio and television ads，promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of products say they can shape the legs，slim the face，smooth wrinkles，or in some other way to add to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than moneymaking things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable，and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public，it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug，FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require proof under the Food，Drug，and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device，FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health，FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily，or it can take legal action，including seizure(查封)of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor，which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously，most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings(法律诉讼)，and new devices appear continually. Before buying，it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.
小题1:It can be inferred that the ads mentioned in the text are________.| A．objective | B．costly | C．unreliable | D．illegal |
小题2:FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product ________.| A．if it is a drug | | B．if it is a device | | C．if its consumers make complaints | | D．if its distributors challenge FDA"s authority |
小题3:The Relaxacisor is mentioned as________.| A．a product which was designed to produce electricity | | B．a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case | | C．a successful advertisement of a beauty product | | D．an example of a quality beauty product |
小题4:The author intends to________.| A．make consumers aware of the promoters" false promises | | B．show the weakness of the law on product safety | | C．give advice on how to keep young and beautiful | | D．introduce the organization of FDA |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:A |
解析
文章主要是为了向消费者宣传很多生产商的虚假允诺，提醒他们不要上当受骗。
小题1:C 细节题。根据文章第四段The results they produce are questionable，and some are dangerous to health. 可知C正确。
小题2:A 细节题。根据第五段2,3行If the product is a drug，FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require proof under the Food，Drug，and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the market.可知A正确。
小题3:B 推理题。根据第六段第一行One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor，可知the Relaxacisor是作为一个案例来说明生产商卷入了这样的案例的。
小题4:A 主旨大意题。作者写这样的文章的目的就是让消费者知道宣传者的虚假允诺。 |
举一反三
There is one type of illness in the world that affects more people than anything else and is very deadly. If untreated this illness could affect everything you do. What is this illness? Depression. Serious depression requires professional treatment. Self-induced depression is something each of us can change.
Everyone"s circumstances are different, but the causes of self-induced depression are common: low self-esteem, hurtful thinking and a bad attitude.
So how can we change the way we think, feel, and cultivate a cheerful attitude?
First we must look at ourselves, truly and honestly examining our motives for what we wish to achieve. If you are dissatisfied because you feel you haven"t or can"t do anything, then one step is needed - to set goals.
Always start your goals relatively small and easy to attain. Think of them as sand; one grain may be insignificant but as a group they form the beach. Once you have set and attained small goals for yourself, move on to slightly larger, more challenging goals.
It takes more than just setting goals to be happy. It takes positive thinking. How can we attain this?
There are a number of factors that can make us think negatively and one of those is diet.
In my opinion, a person who eats a lot of take out and fast food is feeding their body junk. Start by eating better foods which give the body much NEEDED minerals. If your physical body is happy, it"s much easier for your mental body or "thinking ability" to be happy.
Next, exercise. A half-hour a day is recommended for positive well being. Then think about good memories you had, or generally think of things that make you smile. Remember, everything you wear costs money but to wear a smile is free. A smile can be the difference between an average day and a great day.
If you follow these steps, positive change is inevitable.
小题1:Which of the statements about depression is TRUE?| A．Depression is a kind of illness that can’t be cured like some cancer. | | B．Depression can all be cured successfully by patients themselves. | | C．Those who suffer from depression feel dissatisfied with themselves. | | D．Those who suffer from depression live in similar circumstances. |
小题2:According to the passage we can learn that ____________.| A．a practical goal can help people to achieve a sense of success | | B．we shouldn’t be satisfied with small goals that are insignificant | | C．we should avoid challenging goals that may lead to failure | | D．people can enjoy happiness only if they set reasonable goals |
小题3:In order to achieve positive thinking a person should do these things EXCEPT____________.| A．set challenging goals | B．eat healthier foods | | C．exercise half an hour a day | D．always wear a smile |
小题4:What’s the passage mainly about?| A．To prove the argument that depression can be changed. | | B．To analyze the danger depression can bring to people. | | C．To introduce to readers how to keep positive thinking. | | D．To recommend some ways to deal with depression. |
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Compulsive（强迫的）shoppers may have a new psychological excuse to blame for their wild shopping. Psychologists at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand are studying the “shop-till-you-drop” habit as a behavioral disorder similar to compulsive eating. Compulsive shoppers frequently buy more than they can afford or more than they need, and it causes them distress(苦恼).
“It becomes a problem when you are out of control,” psychology lecturer Neville Blampied said. “When you are feeling bad and blue, what do you do? Some people eat chocolate cake and ice cream. Some people take the credit card and go out to the shop.” Bank managers understand the problem because they have to deal with people who have to be persuaded to stop using their cards drawing money.
Compulsive shopping was first discovered in 1915, although it was then known as monomania. Few studies have been done on the problem.
An advertisement in a Christchurch paper, calling for people to take part in an experimental treatment program designed by Mr. Wilson, attracted 10 replies. But the problem, said Mr. Wilson, is “clearly not rare”. He thinks that compulsive shopping should be treated with drugs. “As psychologists we are interested in non-drug treatments for behavioral difficulties,” Mr. Wilson said.
Compulsive eaters or shoppers get a kick from their habit. “Both activities provide an immediate kind of kick and you feel a bit better,” he said. “You have long-term problems, but human beings are extremely good at not seeing long-term problems and are very sensitive to short-term benefits,” he said.
The aim of the treatment was to help people find better ways of managing their emotions. The program, consisting of 10 one-hour weekly lessons and two follow-up treatments, is loosely based on teaching stress management.
“You often have to start to get people to correctly recognize their emotions. Not being able to know what you really feel weakens your ability to solve the problems connected with what’s making you feel that way,” Mr. Wilson said.
小题1:The compulsive shoppers will go shopping when ______.| A．they have lots of money | B．they are taking drugs | | C．they are feeling sad | D．they win a prize |
小题2:The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph most probably refers to __________.| A．compulsive eating | B．a new psychological excuse | | C．the study done by Blampied | D．the behavior of wild shopping |
小题3:Which of the following is considered important in treating compulsive shoppers?| A．Teaching them to manage their money better. | | B．Teaching them to understand their emotions. | | C．Persuading them not to draw money from the bank. | | D．Treating them with right drugs. |
小题4:When the writer says that compulsive shoppers get a kick from their habit, he means that they __________.| A．feel distressed after their wild shopping | | B．feel better after treatment from psychologists | | C．are better able to deal with stress problems | | D．have a feeling of excitement after shopping |
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The common cold is the world"s most widespread illness, which is plagues (瘟疫) that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy (谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one.
If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕) cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be dipped with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killer pills such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
小题1:How many examples are offered by the writer to support his argument?小题2:Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?| A．The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time. | | B．Colds are not caused by cold. | | C．People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors. | | D．A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one. |
小题3:Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.| A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions | | B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather | | C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions | | D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world |
小题4:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.| A．suffered a lot | B．never caught colds | | C．often caught colds | D．became very strong |
小题5:The passage mainly discusses _______.| A．the experiments on the common colds | | B．the fallacy about the common cold | | C．the reason and the way people catch colds | | D．the continued spread of common colds |
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Bad teeth can be painful — and worse. They can even be deadly. Infections (感染）of the gums (牙龈）and the teeth can cause bacteria (细菌）to go into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk. For example, in 2007, doctors in the Washington area said a boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain. They said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care (牙齿 保健）he needed. He was twelve years old.
Experts at the National Institutes of Health say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow the growth of bacteria and acid production in the mouth.
But dentists say a baby"s gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, only give the child water.
When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently.
The use of fluoride (氟化物）to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel (法琅质)， the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.
31.According to the passage, bad teeth can be ____________.
A.painful B. deadly C.preventive D.incurable
32.The writer uses the boy"s death as an example to show that _______•
A. not only adults but the young may suffer from teeth problem
B. babies with bad teeth can easily die
C. the doctors should be responsible for the case
D. the boy was not fed with his breast milk
33. What"s the main idea of paragraph 4 and 5?
A. How to develop babies" teeth. B. Why to protect babies" teeth
C. How to keep babies" teeth clean D. Why to keep babies" teeth clean
34. The passage tells us that _______.
A. Enamel is most widely used to protect teeth in the world
B. Bad teeth may affect the health of adults and the young
C. Breast milk can cure babies" bad teeth
D. Babies" teeth should be brushed once per day
35.Which of the following can be used as the title of the passage?
A. Concerns for Healthy Teeth of the Young B. Importance of Healthy Teeth of All
C. Causes of Teeth Problem D. Solutions to Teeth Problem |
Eating a diet high in processed（加工） food increases the risk of depression（抑郁）, research suggests. What"s more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression, the University College London team found.
Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat，refined（精制的） grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases, they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets.
Those who ate the most wholefood（全天然食物） had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods.
Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for.（解释原因） He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean(地中海) diet was associated（有关） with a lower risk of depression, but the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood （可能）of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.
He added people"s diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming （消费）less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated（饱和） fats and sugars.
小题1:The text is mainly about______.| A．the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population | | B．the link between processed food and depression | | C．the relationship between physical and mental health | | D．the emotional state of the British People |
小题2:What can we learn from what Dr. Archana Singh Manoux said?| A．It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. | | B．The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world. | | C．Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before. | | D．The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression. |
小题3:Dr. Andrew McCulloch agrees that______.| A．our diets are closely related to our mental health | | B．the present study needs more facts and other information | | C．the UK population will become ill in the near future | | D．more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in |
小题4:Why might the author have written this text?| A．To tell people what a healthy diet actually is. | | B．To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy. | | C．To encourage people to cut down on processed food. | | D．To introduce some experts on the research team. |
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