“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”“Two full inches in the first t
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“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising good shapes and new look to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way add to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA (Food Drug Administration) can require proof under the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act that it is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device, FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action, including seizure (查封) of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings (法律诉讼), and new devices appear continually, Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.
小题1:It can be inferred that ads mentioned in the text are_____.| A．objective | B．costly | C．unbelievable | D．illegal |
小题2:The Relaxacisor is mentioned as______.| A．a product which was designed to produce electricity | | B．a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case | | C．a successful advertisement of a beauty product | | D．an example of a quality beauty product |
小题3:The author intends to______.| A．make consumers aware of the promoters’ false promise | | B．show the weakness of the law on product safety | | C．give advice on how to keep young and beautiful | | D．introduce the organization of FDA |
小题4:Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.
B. New products are more likely to be questionable.
C. The production of a device must be approved by FDA.
D. The promoters usually just care about profits. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:D |
解析
小题1:推理题。根据第4段第1行Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoters.可知这样的产品是不值得信任的。故C正确。
小题2:推理题。根据文章倒数第2段可知举这个例子就是为了说明这个产品是经销商涉及法律案件的内容。
小题3:推理题。根据文章内容可知文章正是为了让消费者意识到厂家的虚假诺言，而不要上当受骗。
小题4:推理题。根据文章第四段第一行such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoters可知厂家只关心利润。 |
举一反三
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陈代谢) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious（恶性的） circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach.
小题1:It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.| A．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit | | B．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods | | C．it is essential for people to protect their vital organs | | D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle |
小题2:Processed foods are unhealthy because they __________.| A．destroy body’s cells | B．may lead to obesity | | C．are difficult to digest | D．stop body’s metabolism |
小题3:What is the main purpose of this passage?| A．To warn people of the problem of obesity. | | B．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods. | | C．To inform people of the harm of processed foods. | | D．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods. |
小题4:What is likely to be talked about following the last paragraph?| A．Different causes of acid accumulation. | | B．Correct ways to cook raw foods. | | C．Suitable types of raw and whole foods. | | D．Active approaches to avoid acid. |
小题5:What can we learn from the text?| A．Processed foods are good for our appetite mechanism. | | B．Processed foods also comfort the digestive tract. | | C．T he accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion more effective. | | D．Eating the right types of raw and whole foods does good to our body. |
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What kind of sports impressed you most during your childhood? Maybe racing around the playground or skipping rope for hours would bring you pleasure. At that time you weren’t thinking of fitness, you were just thinking of entertainment. But in this age of high-tech home equipment and underused gym memberships, the simple joy of jumping rope has been forgotten. I think rediscovering it probably will give you a total-body exercise.
Although considered an excellent form of exercise, jumping rope has never received widespread acceptance because of two reasons. First,most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise, but they also believe that it is simply too difficult. In other words, they don’t think they’ll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes in order to achieve a beneficial physical effect. Second, many regard it as somewhat boring and overly repetitive —not as something fun or enjoyable.
As a matter of fact, jumping rope can be great fun as long as you find a proper way to practise it. Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce(跳) over and over again, players good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps. A single bounce, a double –bounce , a skip, a knee-up, side swings , as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping .
Nowadays researchers are discovering that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning . It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres（半球）to perform equallyto each other . In short, jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment, time and space , yet leading to a much healthier life.
小题1:The main purpose of the first paragraph is to tell us that .| A．people would rather have exercise in a gym than do sports outside | | B．there seems to be too much advanced equipment for people to use | | C．racing around the playground was regarded as children’s favorite sport | | D．jumping rope has escaped from people’s memories in modern society |
小题2:One reason that can explain why rope jumping has not spread widely is that_____.| A．it benefits the cardiovascular system | | B．it is too difficult for people to learn to jump | | C．it is believed to be boring and repetitive | | D．it requires little equipment, time and space |
小题3:The first sentence in Paragraph 3 implies that in rope jumping .| A．there is only one proper way to follow | | B．the usual way should not be used again | | C．the easiest way is always the best one | | D．there are different kinds of ways to follow |
小题4:According to the researchers , jumping rope .| A．only prepares the brain for learning | | B．is suitable for students only | | C．helps both brain hemispheres work together | | D．can be dangerous for old people |
小题5:What is the author’s attitude towards rope jumping ?| A．He strongly argues against it. | | B．He is in favour of it. | | C．He is sitting on the fence of it . | | D．He knows little about it . |
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Increasingly, over the past ten years, people--- especially young people –have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, especially processed food(加工过的食品), is not good for the health. As a result, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives(添加剂) and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers(化肥), widely used in farming today.
Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple words, this means that the soil has been nourished(给…营养) by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality—of foods grown in commercial farming area.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed move freely in healthy pastures(牧场). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry(家禽)：there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
There are other sides of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually unnecessary food. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fibre.
小题1:People have become more interested in natural foods because______.| A．they want to keep healthy | | B．they want to taste all kinds of foods | | C．natural foods are more delicious than processed foods | | D．they want to return to nature |
小题2:Chickens raised in poultry farms are all of the following EXCEPT that _____.| A．they are fed on food which is little better than garbage | | B．they live in very crowded condition | | C．the eggs they produce lack vitamins | | D．they are allowed to move about and eat freely |
小题3:According to the passage, ______.| A．people can only find sugar to give them energy | | B．sugar is bad for the health | | C．the use of sugar is habit forming | | D．sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful |
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Most people agree that it’s important to have a sense of humour. Having the ability to laugh can help one overcome anxiety, and make better decisions in difficult situations. People with a well-developed sense of humour appear to be happier, and some are healthier as well. This suggests that having a sense of humour is good for you. Humourless people may find themselves being treated as a fool, and become anxious and upset.
A sense of humour also plays an important role in human relationships. However, not everyone has a sense of humour. People with developmental disabilities (发展性能力丧失) can sometimes have no sense of humour, or have a very strange one.
A number of factors affect a person’s sense of humour, with the age probably being the main one. Young children are often highly amused by simple jokes or shows, while teenagers prefer to enjoy the ironic (讽刺的) events. Educational level, culture, and religious faith also affect one’s sense of humour. While Christians, for example, may have a deep appreciation of jokes about the Bible, others may find them disrespectful.
Many people believe that a sense of humour is something that develops on its own, and that you cannot teach someone to understand why jokes, certain comments, situations or events are funny. However, things can be done to enhance one’s sense of humour. Children, for example, benefit from being told jokes and encouraged to laugh, although some children’s jokes might seem rather strange to adults. If you have children, try to encourage them to tell jokes and think about what makes things funny. And it will help them develop a sense of humour.
小题1:The purpose of the passage is to _______.| A．explain what influences a person’s sense of humour | | B．tell readers the importance of being healthy | | C．explain how to make better decisions | | D．tell readers how to understand jokes |
小题2:What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 "enhance" probably mean?| A．Enjoy. | B．Reduce. | C．Improve. | D．Prevent. |
小题3:According to the passage, which of the following doesn’t influence one’s sense of humour?| A．Culture. | B．Age. | | C．Educational level. | D．Family backgrounds. |
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Can feeling of nostalgia (怀旧) be good for you? or is it unhealthy to have a strong love for the past?
For years, medical experts have studied nostalgia and the reasons for it. Many experts warn that too much nostalgia is harmful. They say linger (徘徊) in the past shows that a person is unhappy with his present life. These feelings keep the person from living his life to its fullest.
Dr. Louise Kaplan has written several books about nostalgia. She says these feelings often begin when a young person is between 13 and 19 years old.
"This is the time when you must face the loss of your childhood, " Kaplan says. "You see your new life is easily destroyed. But you think romantically about a golden
past. You remember your childhood as a time when life was perfect."
These feelings continue as a person gets older, Kaplan adds. She says many grown persons have a hard time keeping up with changes in the modem world, so they think back to their younger years. At that time the world seemed simple and more harmless.
Kaplan says these feelings are not always actually existing. The good old days weren"t always good. However, she says nostalgia can be helpful, if used properly.
"Feelings of nostalgia can cause you to remember a time when you had high hopes and dreams, " Kaplan says. "It might give you the strong wish to catch those dreams today, in your present life." She adds that nostalgia can prevent you from "cutting yourself off from your aim."
"At its best, " Kaplan says, "nostalgia has the ideas for the future."
小题1:According to the passage, feelings of nostalgia _____.| A．can cause you to think of your past which was full of hopes and dreams | | B．can make you succeed in life | | C．fill one with hopes for the future | | D．bring about a love for the past and a hope for the future |
小题2:The reason for grown persons to think back to their past is that _____.| A．they can hardly keep up with changes in today"s world | | B．times are hard, so they can not keep up with changes | | C．many grown persons have little time keeping up with changes in the modem world | | D．they lived in the past, of which they are always proud |
小题3:Which of the following is not talked about in the passage?| A．Too much nostalgia is harmful. | | B．Nostalgia shows that a person is not satisfied with his present life. | | C．Only women have feelings of nostalgia. | | D．A little nostalgia can make a person"s life more colorful. |
小题4:According to Kaplan"s idea, _____.| A．nostalgia is sure to be harmful | | B．nostalgia can be helpful | | C．nostalgia is always very good | | D．nostalgia is bad indeed |
小题5:We may also use _____ as the topic of the article.| A．Thoughts on Nostalgia | | B．The reasons for Nostalgia | | C．Why Do They Think Back to the Past | | D．Nostalgia, Good or Bad |
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