Forget chip fat, sugar cane or rapeseed oil — the latest source of biofuel could
题型：不详难度：来源：
Forget chip fat, sugar cane or rapeseed oil — the latest source of biofuel could be watermelons. Scientists have discovered that the fruit is a great source of sugar that can be readily distilled (蒸馏) into alcohol to power cars and farm machinery.
And sellers reject 360,000 tons of “substandard” fruit every year in America alone which could be used as an economical way to make fuel. The waste from US growers could produce nearly two million gallons (nine million litres) of biofuel per year.
In the study, researchers at the United States Department of Agriculture set out to determine the biofuel potential of juice from rejected watermelons —those not sold due to cosmetic imperfections, and currently ploughed back into the field. About a fifth of each yearly watermelon crop is left in the field because of surface blemishes (瑕疵) or because they are misshapen.
Dr. Wayne Fish, who led the team, found that 50 percent of the fruit was fermentable (可发酵的) into alcohol which could provide valuable fuel.
“We’ve shown that the juice of these watermelons is a source of readily fermentable sugars, representing an unexploited raw material for alcohol biofuel production,” he said.
The study, published in the journal Biotechnology for Biofuels, discovered that watermelons could produce around 20 gallons of fuel per acre from fruit that otherwise would go to waste.
Production of biofuels has been targeted by Western governments as a way to support renewable energy targets.
The European Union has a target for 2010 that 5.75 percent of transport fuels should come from biological sources, but the target is unlikely to be met.
The British government’s Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation requires five percent of the fuel sold at the pump by 2010 to be biofuel.
小题1:The passage mainly tells us ______.| A．watermelon juice will be the largest source of renewable energy | | B．the advantages of fuel made from watermelons | | C．Western countries aim at producing biofuels | | D．watermelons could be used to make fuel |
小题2: It can be learned from the text that ______.| A．about two gallons of fuel could be made from rejected fruit per acre | | B．sellers in the world throw away 360,000 tons of watermelons every year | | C．half of the watermelons were fermentable into alcohol to provide energy | | D．five percent of fuel is required to be biofuel from watermelons by 2010 in Britain |
小题3:The underlined word “cosmetic” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. | A．fresh | B．sweet | C．surface | D．inside |
小题4:We can infer from the passage that ______.| A．it will cost a lot to make biofuel from watermelons | | B．Western countries are engaged in biofuel study but still have a long way to go | | C．watermelon juice has been used as a source of sugars to produce alcohol biofuel | | D．the European Union is likely to meet its target of transport fuels from biological sources |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:B |
解析
小题1 这篇文章主要讲的是西瓜可以被用来当做燃料。A、B答案不完全 C应该是“The European Union has a target for 2010 that 5.75 percent of transport fuels should come from biological sources”目标是实现运输燃料来自生物源。
小题2 A原文倒数第二段watermelons could produce around 20 gallons of fuel per acre；
B第二段第一句话sellers reject 360,000 tons of “substandard” fruit every year而不是throw away；C正确原文第四段found that 50 percent of the fruit was fermentable into alcohol which could provide valuable fuel.；D在原文最后一段意思与原文不符。
小题3 通过后面“is left in the field because of surface blemishes (瑕疵) or because they are misshapen.”可知文章是说由于外表有瑕疵，故为C
小题4 原文倒数第二段说“but the target is unlikely to be met”故C、D错误；文章第二段可找出专家使用“substandard”fruit，这是一种经济的方式，故A错误；B是说西方国家所从事的生物燃料研究仍有很长的路要走。 |
举一反三
I"m fat. I"m too skinny. I"d be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs. Do any of these statements sound familiar? Do you often put yourself down? If so, you"re not alone. As a teen, you"re going through a ton of changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image (形象) of yourself. Lots of people have trouble getting used to it and this can affect their confidence.
Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.
The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you"re very worried about your weight or size, go to your doctor to check that things are OK. But it"s no one"s business but your own what your body is like-finally, you have to be happy with yourself.Next, find which aspects of your appearance you can change and which you can"t change and need to accept-like their height, for example, or their shoe size.
If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a pan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods.
When you hear negative comments coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try building your confidence by listing three things in your day that really gave you pleasure. It can be anything like the way the sun felt on your face, the sound of your favorite band, or the way someone laughed at your jokes.
小题1:. From the first paragraph, we can infer that _________.| A．most teens like to have a special body image | | B．many teens can"t accept their body change easily | | C．teens prefer to change their body image quickly | | D．teens usually change their opinions on their body image |
小题2:. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?| A．Realize you can"t change everything about yourself. | | B．Change the way other people look at you. | | C．Go to your doctor for advice on how to change your body. | | D．Learn from some celebrities on how to change your body. |
小题3:. The underlined phrase "put yourself down" in the first paragraph probably means_____.| A．make yourself fall down | B．say negative things about yourself | | C．force yourself to do something | D．write down your name somewhere |
小题4:. The passage is mainly about_______.| A．how to adjust to the changes of your body | | B．how to build confidence by changing your body | | C．how to keep an attractive body image | | D．how to find pleasure in your day |
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His first fight was for the equal rights of black people in South Africa. Then, as the first black president he fought to unite the country and organize the government. Now Nelson Mandela has set his sights on a new enemy, AIDS.
On March 19 the 82-year-old, former president, hosted his second AIDS-awareness concert. He warned that 25 million people in Africa were already infected with the fatal disease.
Mandela was born in a small village in South Africa in 1918. He was adopted (收养) by the chief of his tribe (部族) and could have been a chief himself and lived a happy country life.
But he refused to be a chief when his people lived under racial discrimination ( 种族歧视). He decided to fight for equal rights for all the people in South Africa. Before 1990, under the country’s Racial Segregation Law (种族隔离法), colored and white people lived separately. Black people were treated unfairly even when taking a bus. Blacks had to stand at the back of the bus to make room for white people even when there were only a few of them on board.
For his opposition (反对) to the system Mandela was arrested (被捕) and spent 27 years in prison. He was freed in 1990 and become the president of the country after the first elections were held in which everyone could vote.
Mandela was not only a political fighter who attacked with speeches. He was also a trained boxer (拳击手) and fought in the ring when he was young.
“ Although I did not enjoy the violence of boxing, I was interested in how one moved one’s body to protect oneself, how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat (撤退),” he wrote in his autobiography.
As a skilful fighter, he chose music as his weapon against AIDS. He hopes to win another victory against AIDS.
小题1:Nelson Mandela succeeded in doing the following except _____.| A．winning the equal rights for the black people in South Africa | | B．uniting South Africa | | C．organizing a government in South Africa | | D．controlling the spread of AIDS |
小题2:If Nelson Mandela hadn’t fought against racial discrimination, he _____.| A．could easily have been the president of South Africa | | B．could still have lived a happy life | | C．could have been in a difficult situation | | D．would have been an excellent boxer |
小题3:It can be inferred that Nelson Mandela _____.| A．continues to help the black people with the political struggle | | B．is taking a position in a music group | | C．is taking on the world’s greatest fight against AIDS | | D．is preparing for the next election of president |
小题4:Which statement can best describe the life of Nelson Mandela?| A．Struggle is his life. | | B．Sports make his fame. | | C．Fight for equal rights. | | D．Great fighter against government. |
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A fad diet is a diet that suddenly becomes popular, usually because it promises people that they will lose a lot of weight overnight. Although dieters may really show weight loss from a fad diet, they will almost certainly get back the weight if their usual eating habits (习惯) remain unchanged. Moreover, fad diets continuously call for special products of questionable value or for “health foods” that may cost twice as much as supermarket(超市) foods. Worse yet, certain fad diets don"t include nutrients(营养)good for health. People have been known to become very ill as a result of following medically unhealthy diets.
The worse fact of fad diets, though, is that they keep people who are over-weight or sick from receiving the medical care that they truly need.
小题1:The word “fad” in the first sentence means ______.| A．new | B．wonderful | | C．popular quickly | D．loved by people |
小题2:From the text we know that ______.| A．people refuse to accept fad diets | | B．fad diets can help people to lose weight | | C．a man can lose weight after eating a fad diet | | D．fad diets are now welcomed by people |
小题3:In the writer"s opinion, fad diets______.| A．are very helpful | | B．are not healthy diet | | C．won"t cost much | | D．include lots of nutrients |
小题4:The last paragraph tells us ______.| A．that fad dieters are often overweight | | B．fad dieters need medical care if they are overweight or sick | | C．how fad dieters get sick | | D．overweight or sick fad dieter can’t get medical care in time |
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We can’t help but grow older physically, but we can stay young in other ways. Do you want to stay young？ If yes is the answer, here is what you can do:
1. Throw out nonessential numbers. This includes age, weight and height. Let the doctor worry about them. That is why you pay him/her.
2. Keep only cheerful friends. The grouches （抱怨）pull you down.
3. Keep learning. Learn more about the computer, gardening, whatever. Never let the brain idle. “An idle mind is the devil’s workshop.”
4.Enjoy the simple things. When the children are young, that is all that you can afford. When they are in college, that is all you can afford. When you are on retirement, that is all you can afford!
5. Laugh often, long and loud. Laugh until you gasp for breath. Laugh so much that you can be tracked in the store by your distinctive laughter.
6. Surround yourself with what you love, whether it is family, pets, keepsakes, music, plants, or hobbies, whatever. Your home is your refuge.
7. Value your health. If it is good, preserve it. If it is unstable, improve it. If it is beyond what you can improve, get help.
8. The tears happen. Endure sorrow, and move on. The only person who is with us our entire life, is ourselves. Be alive while you are alive.
9. At every opportunity, tell the people you love that you love them.
小题1:What does the underlined sentence “Throw out nonessential numbers” mean?| A．Try to forget some unimportant numbers. | | B．Do not let your age, weight or height trouble you. | | C．It is not interesting to remember some numbers. | | D．Some unimportant things are difficult to remember. |
小题2:What is the fourth advice meant to tell us?| A．The children are so clever that we need not worry about their study. | | B．Someone else can take care of the children and our late life. | | C．We are rich enough to afford all the money that the children spend. | | D．We needn’t worry about the children and our late life. |
小题3:Which of the following advice is NOT mentioned?| A．Laugh often. | B．Enjoy the simple things. | | C．Drink eight cups of water a day. | D．Keep in good health. |
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Encouraging pupils to keep noise to a minimum should be a valuable component of all children’s education, according to new research.
Dr. Helen Lees, from Stirling University’s school of education, says that “enforced（强制的）silence” is seen as a punishment and often acts to suppress children’s natural ability. But she says that teaching children about the benefits of “enforced silence”,--- deliberate stillness that gives them the opportunity to focus and reflect in a stress-free environment--- can have a significant effect on pupils’ concentration and behavior.
It is the latest in a string of researches to establish a link between the classroom environment and pupils’ academic ability.
A study almost a decade ago in London found that children’s exam results were cut by as much as a third if they were taught in noisy classrooms. Teaching unions have also called for a limit of 26℃ to be put on classroom temperatures because teachers and pupils struggle to work in hot conditions, and some educationalists claim that too much clutter（杂乱的东西）on classroom walls can prevent children from concentrating.
Dr. Lees said, “When we take some research on school settings and put it all together, what we see is that education without silence does not make much sense. In areas of better learning outcomes, better self- confidence and well-being measures, enforced silence in a person’s life and an individual’s education is shown throughout the relevant research to be a benefit.”
Dozens of schools across Britain have already introduced periods of “reflective silence” into the timetable.
Kevin Hogston, head of Sheringdale Primary, south London, has just introduced a minute’s silence at the start of twice-weekly meetings in which children are taught breathing techniques and encouraged to reflect. The school plans to introduce it into classrooms every day.
小题1:According to Dr. Helen Lees, “enforced silence” ＿＿| A．is an effective way of punishment | | B．does not make much sense in class | | C．can improve pupils’ confidence | | D．makes pupils more creative |
小题2:The underlined word, “suppress”, in the second paragraph probably means “_________”.| A．prevent | B．improve | C．apply | D．reveal |
小题3:What can be inferred from the research on school settings?| A．Students are more active if taught in noisy classrooms. | | B．Silence makes a great difference to pupils. | | C．Clutter on the walls can help students concentrate. | | D．Most schools are not satisfactory in terms of classroom temperatures. |
小题4: What would be the best title for the text?| A．Arranging classroom settings benefits studies | | B．Achieving silence is beneficial for people | | C．Using enforced silence is effective punishment | | D．Keeping quiet in class improves academic performance |
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