As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from

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As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease－especially in changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought about this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease

. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is just “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “we

ll” and “wellness” only to those who are actively attempting to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a ph

ysical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well”, in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can struggle for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial influence on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
小题1:Today’s medical care is placing more stress on .

A．monitoring patients’ body functions

B．removing people’s bad living habits

C．ensuring people’s psychological well-being

D．keeping people in a healthy physical condition

小题2:Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he or she .

A．is free from any kind of disease

B．does not have any physical handicaps

C．attempts to maintain the best possible health

D．keeps a proper balance between work and leisure

小题3:According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?

A．Wellness is now just an ideal in many people’s mind.

B．Someone who drinks a few beers at home most nights is not healthy.

C．The concept of wellness can help people face the challenges of daily life.

D．A man without any physical or mental problem may not be really healthy.

小题4:According to the author, healthy people are those

who .

A．do not have any symptoms of disease

B．have strong muscles as well as slim figures

C．try to keep healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations

D．can recover from illness even without seeking medical care

答案

小题1:B
小题1:A
小题1:B
小题1:C

解析

略

举一反三

Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional probems and possibly cancer.
Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Other burst with anger, and scream and yell(咆哮).But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person"s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry,the brain releases the same hor-mones(荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. In general the person feels excited and ready to act.
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
Doctors say the solution(解决办法) is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say,“Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”
Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.
小题1:“Damaging emotion” means that _________.

A．the emotion is harmless

B．the emotion is harmful

C．the feeling is very strong

D．the feeling is hard

小题2: What statement is right?

A．Were you angry, you would be cancered(得癌症).

B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered.

C．Angry as you are often, you can"t be cancered.

D．Anger may cause you a cancer.

小题3: Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists.

A．is just the same as

B．is more harmful than

C．is no better than

D．is much better than

小题4:According to the author, you"d better _________.

A．never be angry

B．cool it down before you express it

C．laugh and laugh when you get angry

D．admit you are wrong when you are angry

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A single night of taking the drug Ecstasy (摇头丸) can cause serious brain damage and speed up the start of Parkinson’s disease（帕金森综合症）, scientists say. Just two or three Ecstasy tablets can permanently destroy brain cells that affect movement and reasoning, according to American research that links the drug to Parkinson’s for the first time.
A study by a team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, involving squirrel monkeys and baboons (狒狒) found that both species suffered permanent damage to key cells, which are lost in Parkinson’s, after receiving three low doses（剂量）of Ecstasy at three-hour periods.
The study is particularly important because baboons are one of the best animal models for the human brain. George Ricaurte, who led the research, said that the widespread abuse of drug might have caused severe damage. “The most troubling result is that young adults using Ecstasy may be increasing their risk of developing Parkinsonism as they get older.”
Alan Leshner, a former director of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse, said, “This study emphasizes the multi-aspect damage that Ecstasy causes to users. We’ve long known that repeated use damages brain cells. But this study shows that even very occasional（偶尔） use can have long-lasting effects on many different brain systems. It sends an important message to young people: don’t experiment with your own brain.”
Janet Betts, a mother whose teenage daughter Leah died after a single Ecstasy tablet in 1995, said, “This comes as no surprise. But people can’t see the effects at first, and they say it won’t happen to them. We’ll see the symptoms later, just as we have with smoking.”
小题1:The article is intended to ______.

A．explain the bad effects of drugs on people’s health

B．warn young people of the risk of taking the drug Ecstasy

C．persuade people out of such bad habits as smoking and using drugs

D．tell us the links between the drug Ecstasy and the animal models

小题2:We know from the passage that a low dose of Ecstasy ______.

A．can permanently destroy one’s brain cells

B．can cause serious brain damage occasionally

C．will result in immediate symptoms

D．may bring on Parkinson’s at once

小题3:Why are squirrel monkeys and baboons involved in the experiments?

A．Because these animals usually take drugs.

B．Because their brain is similar to human beings.

C．Because there is a model in the animals’ brains.

D．Because they will soon get well after the experiment.

小题4:The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably refers to” ”.

A．Leah’s death after a single tablet

B．the symptoms after smoking

C．the damage to the brain systems

D．repeated use of the drug

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October 15th is Global Handwashing Day．Activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap．
Experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at so-called critical moments．These include after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food．
Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public-private Partnership for handwashing with soap．The goal, they say, is to create a culture of handwashing with soap．The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germs．They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap．Rub it into all areas, including under the fingernails．Then, wash well under running water．Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth．
The Partnership says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing．Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs．And it usually leaves a pleasant smell, which increases the chances that people will wash again．
It also says that washing hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any medicine．It could help reduce cases of diarrhea, which is the second leading cause of child deaths, killing more than one and a half million children a year, by almost half．
小题1:What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?

A．To keep healthy by washing hands．	B．To wash hands with soap．
C．To take action to wash hands．	D．To wash hands often．

小题2:Which of the following is the right way to wash hands?
a．Washing hands well． b．Covering hands with soap． c．Drying hands．
d．Rubbing hands with soap．e．Wetting hands．

A．a--c--b--e--d	B．e--d--a--b—c
C．a--c--b--d--e	D．e--b--d--a--c

小题3:．Which fact can NOT explain why soap is important?

A．It gives people a longer handwashing time．

B．It helps to remove a lot of germs from hands．

C．It attracts people to do more handwashing．

D．It gets all people into the habit of washing hands．

小题4:According to the last paragraph, diarrhea is a disease that ________．

A．kills half of the kids in the developing countries a year

B．causes the greatest number of child deaths

C．can be prevented to some degree by washing hands with soap

D．can’t be cured without washing hands

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After moving to the United States , immigrant groups trying to fit in tend to choose high calorie fatty foods in an attempt to appear more American , a new study finds . That’s one reason why immigrants approach US levels of obesity within 15 years of moving to America.
The researchers also did an experiment that measured whether or not the threat of appearing un-American influenced respondents’ food choices . After being questioned about their ability to speak English , 75 percent of Asian-Americans identified a typical American food as their favorite. Only 25 percent of Asian-Americans who had not been asked if they spoke English did the same.
When their American identiy was called into question during a follow-up study, Asian-American participants also tended to choose typical American dishes , such as hamburgers and cheese sand wiches In that experiment , 55 Asian-Americans were asked to choose a meal from a local Asian or American restaurant . Some participants were told that only Americans could participate in the study. Those who chose the more typical American fare ended up consuming an extra 182 calories , including 12grams of fat and 7 grams of saturated fat(饱和脂肪).
“People who feel like they need to prove they belong to a culture will change their habits in an attempt to fit in , ”said Sauna Cheryan ,an anthor of the study and assistant professor of psychology at the University of Washington.” If immigrants and their children choose unhealthy American foods over healthier traditional foods across their lives , this process of fitting in could lead to poorer health .Cheryan added.
Social pressures , the study concluded , are at the heart of the problem. “In American society today , being American is associated with being white . Americans , who don’t fit this image even if they were born here and speak English , feel that pressure to prove that they’re American,” said Cheryan.
小题1:The author wants to show that .

A．more and more Asians enjoy high-calorie snacks

B．immigrants tend to eat American junk food to fit in

C．most Americans are at the risk of heart disease

D．all the American people have a bad eating habit

小题2:According to the survey, .

A．Asian-Americans care less about their health

B．25 percent of Americans like junk food

C．choosing food is related to Asian-American’s situation

D．immigrants are forced to eat junk food

小题3:The underlined word “fare” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “ ”.

A．food offered as a meal	B．a person taking a taxi
C．money spent on food	D．an arranged thing to do

小题4:According to Sauna Cheryan, .

A．what immigrants have done is ridiculous

B．American traditional foods are healthier

C．immigrants risk their health in order to fit in

D．American culture affects immigrants deeply

小题5:Which of the following should take the blame for the bad eating habit?

A．The situation of employment.	B．The traditional culture.
C．The American government.	D．The pressures from society.

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Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. It’s an important concern: Being very overweight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts （内脏）when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight?
Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts.
You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While it’s true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These “good” bacteria live in your guts, where they process the food you eat.
Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby’s body. Growing babies get additional “good” bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later.
So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still haven’t tested that question, but future tests might lead to an answer.
小题1:The “link” in Paragraph 2 refers to the relationship between _______.

A．bacteria and the chance of being overweight	B．obesity and diabetes
C．diets and the chance of being overweight	D．bacteria and exercise

小题2:Which of the following is NOT the function of “good” bacteria?

A．Helping to digest food.	B．Helping to take nutrients from food.
C．Helping to regulate weight.	D．Making a person ill.

小题3:The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.

A．introduce the role of bacteria in children’s weight

B．analyze the influence of obesity on kids

C．give advice on how to lose weight quickly

D．explain the function of bacteria in foods

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