Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Po
题型：不详难度：来源：
costs.Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.
ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.
Michael. Bloomberg, New York"s mayor plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for 500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused by housing. So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards.
Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New York’s DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.
小题1:What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?
A． To explain the measures  the city takes to care for poor people. |
| B． To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas. |
| C． To show how the environment-friendly building works. |
| D． To compare old and new boiler rooms. |
| A． Lower running costs. |
| B． Costing less in construction. |
| C． Less air to be lost in hot days. |
| D． Better prices for homeless people. |
| A． New York City is seriously polluted |
| B． people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City |
| C． a great number of people in New York City don"t have houses to live in |
| D． some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City |
| A． To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems. |
| B． To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing. |
| C． To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families. |
| D． To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing. |
答案
小题1:C
小题1:A
小题1:B
小题1:D
解析
举一反三
Some people with autism(孤独症) have __小题1:___ experts with their outstanding memories, mathematical skills or musical talent. Now scientists have found that the genes thought to cause autism may also confer(给予) mathematical, musical and other skills on people without the condition.
The finding has _小题2:___ from a study of autism among 378 Cambridge University students, which found the condition was up to seven times more common among mathematicians than students in other fields.
If __小题3:__, it could explain why autism － a ___小题4:___that makes it hard to communicate with, and relate to, others ─ continues to exist in all types of society. It suggests the genes responsible are usually ___小题5:__, causing the disease only if present in the wrong combinations. “Our understanding of autism is undergoing a ___小题6:__,” said Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, director of the autism research centre at Cambridge, who led the study.
“It seems clear that genes play a significant role in the causes of autism and that those genes are also ___小题7:__ to certain intellectual skills.”
Scientists have long been interested by the apparent ___小题8:__ between autism and intellectual gifts in specific fields. This has made autism a hot topic in popular culture, from films such as Rain Man, which starred Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise, to books such as The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime.
Temple Grandin, 61, was diagnosed（诊断） with autism as a child and is now professor of animal sciences at Colorado State University. She said: “People with autism have played a vital role in human evolution and culture. Scientists such as Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein show every __小题9:___ of having been autistic. The world owes a great deal to those who design and programme computers, many of whom show autistic traits.”
A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.
Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.
Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.
小题1:What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?
| A．The cost of the traditional surgery is very high. |
| B．It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body. |
| C．Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest. |
| D．The incision is often infected after the operation. |
| A．It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera. |
| B．The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly. |
| C．The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed. |
| D．An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance. |
| A．requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient |
| B．reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure |
| C．allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively |
| D．eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients |
| A．the challenges brought about by new technology |
| B．the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System |
| C．the reflections on the development in medical science |
| D．the application of new technologies in modern surgery |
Because you feel full sooner, you eat less of your main course.
The soup regime（养生法）was tested by researchers at Pennsylvania State University, led by Dr Barbara Rolls.
They found that when people ate a first course of soup before lunch they reduced their total calorie intake by 20 per cent, compared with those who did not begin the meal with soup.
But those who favor creamy soups should be careful．Researchers stressed the soup must be low-calorie and based on stock（菜汤）, not cream.
All of the soups tested in the study were made from identical ingredients - chicken stock , broccoli（硬花甘蓝）, potato, cauliflower（菜花）and carrots.
They were mixed together to create four different textures and thickness from separate stock and vegetables through to pureed soup.
Scientists thought that thick soups with chunks of vegetables which required chewing might be more filling, but to their surprise they found all forms had the same effect.
The findings were presented to the Experimental Biology conference in Washington, DC, and the research was part-funded by the National Institutes of Health.
小题1: What’s the reason that adding low-calorie vegetable soup to the start of a meal can actually help to lose weight?
| A．You can take in large quantities of vegetables. |
| B．You can absorb high calories from the soup. |
| C．You can take in low calories from the soup. |
| D．You can feel full soon after having the soup. |
| A．chicken stock | B．cauliflower | C．cream | D．carrots |
| A．Vegetable Soup Helps to Lose Weight． |
| B．A Scientific Research is Carrying out. |
| C．A Research Done at Pennsylvania State University |
| D．Findings Carried out to the Experimental Biology. |
| A．hate | B．enjoy | C．prefer | D．drink. |
Walensky and her colleagues used computer programs to model the most cost-effective disease interventions(干预), as well as collected data from clinics in Africa and India about what works best. They found that among the choices of what to do first, earlier anti-retroviral therapy (疗法)improved five-year survival dramatically and resulted in the longer life expectancy. But cost-effective doesn"t always mean affordable, especially for governments in poor countries. Countries still have to make difficult choices about how much treatment they can afford.
People in Nairobi, Kenya on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010, protest a potential free trade area agreement between the EU and India that could see cheap anti-AIDS drugs phased out（逐步淘汰）. However, Walensky notes that first-line anti-retrovirals—those medicine given to newly diagnosed patients that can keep away from symptoms for years - are much cheaper than they were a decade ago. "Second-line therapy have come down quite a bit but not to the level of first-line and countries are having a hard time affording them and increasingly over time, people are going to fail first-line therapy and they"re going second-line therapy and then, eventually, they"re going to need third-line therapy, some of them."
According to Walensky, history has shown that drug prices can come down when international pressure is applied to drug makers. But for now, she says, countries should focus on treating as many people as they can, as early as possible
Her paper is published in the online journal PLoS Medicine.
小题1: Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．HIV Has Spread in Poorer Countries |
| B．Rochelle Walensky’s Life |
| C．International Pressure to Drug Makers |
| D．Early HIV Treatment Saves Lives |
| A．Anti-retroviral drugs have become cheap now. |
| B．The cost-effective treatment may be a heavy expense. |
| C．Cheap anti-AIDS drugs have been phased out . |
| D．First-line therapy deals with the most severe disease. |
| A．using computer programs and collecting data from clinics |
| B．giving medicine to newly diagnosed patients with AIDS |
| C．urging countries to focus on treating more patients earlier |
| D．publishing her paper in the online journal PLoS Medicine |
| A．assessment | B．comment | C．introduction | D．background |
On the other hand, the quality of personal relationships at teaching hospitals is variable. Many patients feel that they are treated in an impersonal way, and that their laboratory tests receive more attention that their human and social problems. Since these institutions are on the frontier of medicine, there is a tendency to emphasize the new and elaborate procedures, when older and more modest ones might have served as well. With the inexperience of some members of the care team, there is a tendency to order more laboratory tests than what would have been ordered for the same condition in a private hospital. The sick patients are sometimes confused by having to relate to a large number of doctors and students. Medical educators are concerned with such criticisms and have to correct some of the problems. However, some excesses(超额) of technological medicine still occur in these institutions.
小题1:One of the advantages of a teaching hospital is that .
| A．its first-class personnel are a guarantee of excellent medical care |
| B．its first-class medical facilities and skills make medical breakthroughs possible |
| C．the interns, residents and medical students all offer satisfactory services |
| D．its laboratory staff provide high-class professional aids for the doctors |
| A．private hospitals usually give personalized care of high quality |
| B．private hospitals have more experienced laboratory staff |
| C．teaching hospitals use patients as subjects for their experiments |
| D．teaching hospitals usually give patients improper treatment |
| A．by specialists in charge of the case |
| B．by doctors and students together |
| C．on some special and important occasions |
| D．through collective efforts and serious review |
| A．the inadequate patient care caused by irresponsible nurses. |
| B．the wrong decisions made by inexperienced doctors |
| C．improper dependence on technological medicine |
| D．the inconvenience caused by the presence of medical students |
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