On June 5, 1981 the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, U.S. announced the p
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On June 5, 1981 the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, U.S. announced the presence of a rare, infectious disease in five American homosexuals(同性恋). Soon doctors were finding similar cases all over the country and the world. The AIDS epidemic(流行病)had officially begun. By 1983 it was clear that AIDS had spread around the world. More than twenty years later, AIDS has left twenty-six million dead and another forty million infected. AIDS has become the worst medical disaster ever experienced by mankind. Hundreds of young people between the ages of 20 and 45 died each week during the early years of the U.S. AIDS. More than 600,000 cases of AIDS have been reported since 1981 in the United States, and it is estimated that there may be as many as 900,000 Americans infected with HIV. Though the rate of HIV infections continues to increase in the United States, the number of AIDS cases has fallen sharply since 1996, when antiretroviral drugs came onto the market. Unfortunately, the AIDS epidemic continues today in Africa and much of Asia, where antiretroviral treatment is not available and health care is far from enough. AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and the No. 1 cause of death due to infectious disease. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first separated in 1983 by a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. That discovery made it possible to develop a test for AIDS and trace back to victims who may have died before doctors were aware of the disease. However, scientists still don"t know exactly how and where AIDS started. Finding the source of AIDS could be important in developing a vaccine(疫苗) and be important in mapping the future course of the epidemic. 小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that A.antiretroviral drugs will be obtained easily all over the world B.the best way to stop AIDS is to develop a vaccine B.scientists will soon find a way to cure AIDS D.there will be fewer AIDS cases in the world in the future 小题2:Which areas are the most worrying places where AIDS spreads quickly? A.Africa. | B.Asia. | C.The United States. | D.France. | 小题3:The number of AIDS cases has greatly decreased in the United States due to the fact A.a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris succeeded in separating HIV B.some effective medicine has been invented B.scientists understand AIDS better and better. D.The rate of HIV infections continue to rise in the United States 小题4:What"s the importance of the discovery of the source of AIDS? A.It can be used to develop a test for AIDS. B.It can stop HIV forming AIDS. B.It can reduce the rate of death caused by AIDS. D.It can help develop a drug to prevent AIDS. |
答案
小题1:B 小题2:A 小题3:B 小题4:D |
解析
小题1:从第三段的叙述中可知正确答案。 小题2:从第三段Unfortunately, the AIDS epidemic continues today in Africa and much of Asia, where antiretroviral treatment is not available and health care is far from enough.可知正确答案。 小题3:从第三段Though the rate of HIV infections continues to increase in the United States, the number of AIDS cases has fallen sharply since 1996, when antiretroviral drugs came onto the market.可知正确答案。 小题4:从最后一段Finding the source of AIDS could be important in developing a vaccine(疫苗) and be important in mapping the future course of the epidemic.可知正确答案。 |
举一反三
Winter depression (or winter blues) is a common affliction (折磨) for those who live in our northern climate. Its clinical name is seasonal affective disorder (or SAD) and up to 5% of the population (especially in northern states) may suffer from it. Seasonal affective disorder is characterized by feelings of sadness and depression that occur in the winter months when the temperatures drop and the days grow short . The depression is often associated with excessive eating or sleeping and weight gain. Women are twice to three times more likely to suffer from the winter blues than men. There are many effective treatments for winter depression, some of which you can do to help yourself. Increasing your daily exposure to as much natural light as possible can be helpful to many. Any time that you have the opportunity to gain access to more sunlight in the winter months, you should try to do so. Taking walks throughout the day (even if you don’t normally do so), sitting next to a south-facing window at your office, in a classroom, or at home will increase your sunlight exposure. Exercising next to a window or outdoors (when possible) is another activity that can help. Although it may be difficult to do, maintaining your schedule and lifestyle will help to keep the depression at bay. A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain. It may be helpful, for instance, to have your bedroom lights on a timer to turn on a half-hour before you wake. This may help in waking at a regular time every morning, when it is still dark outside in the winter months. Light therapy has shown to be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder. While you can purchase expensive, specialized light therapy lighting fixtures for your home or office, some inexpensive alternatives are also available. Another lighting technique to try is to replace commonly used light bulbs in your home with brighter full spectrum (also known as broad spectrum) light bulbs. While more expensive than regular light bulbs, these bulbs provide light that is similar to natural sunlight. If none of these techniques seem to help your depressive symptoms, you should consider consulting your family physician or a mental health professional. The winter blues are a form of depression and can be readily treated w ith medications or psychotherapy when other self-help methods aren’t effective. Don’t be afraid to talk about this condition with a professional; it’s nothing to be ashamed or afraid of. With a little effort, the winter blues can be beaten 小题1: What do we know about winter depression?A.It is very common where the weather is cold. | B.It may lead to weight gain. | C.It occurs when the temperatures drop. | D.It seldom affects men. | 小题2:What is the most important factor in the therapy introduced in the second paragraph?A.Exposure to natural light. | B.Sports in winter months. | C.Outdoor activities. | D.Sunlight through the window. | 小题3:What does “to keep the depression at bay” mean in the third paragraph?A.To shorten the duration of the depression. | B.To use light to resist the depression. | C.To keep the depression manageable and minimal. | D.To delay the occurrence of the depression. | 小题4: For winter depression, light therapy ___________.A.is much more effective than other kinds of therapy | B.is so expensive that some may not be able to afford it | C.encourages people to do outdoor exercises | D.needs specialized bulbs to replace ordinary ones | 小题5:We can infer from the passage that __________.A.self-help methods do not work 100% of the time | B.medications or psychotherapy is much more effective | C.mental health professionals don’t recommend self- help methods | D.most people prefer self-help methods to medications |
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健康问题一直是生活中的热点话题。尤其对于女性来说,你知道穿矮高跟鞋和纯粹的高跟鞋对你身体健康的影响吗? Healthy knees aren"t the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just __________as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋). "It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis(骨关节炎)— and once you do, it is too late," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School"s department of physical medicine. "I compare it to smoking — one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, "Kerrigan said.”They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as had for your knees.” The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn"t new — scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems. But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee. The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing. "This study confirms what we all intuitively(直觉地)know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study. 1. What’s the main idea of the passage? 2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? In my opinion, it is similar to smoking, for smoking one cigarette does little harm but if you smoke all your life, it’ll be very painful. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within ten words) 4. What do you think of wearing the chunky heels according to the passage? (within 30 words) 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. |
Do junk food ads make kids fat? Should they be banned? Based on the evidence, more and more experts say yes. The latest support comes from a group of New Zealand experts who say they"ve made a link between kids watching television and bad health. Researchers from the University of Otago in Dunedin studied 1000 children from age 3 to 26.They found that those who watched television more than two hours a day had higher levels of obesity(肥胖), blood cholesterol(胆固醇)and smoking — as well as lower levels of physical fitness — when they reached adulthood than kids who watched less than two hours a day. Why? Partly because while they are watching TV kids aren"t getting out, exercising and playing with other kids, and burning off the calories. But more insidiously(不知不觉地), while watching TV, they"re being shown a lot of ads for drinks and foods of uncertain nutritional value, most of which are full of sugar and fat. Across the globe, about 155 million kids are obese, according to the International Obesity Task Force. The dangerous thing is not just the well-being of these kids as they grow up, but hundreds of billions of dollars of health costs spent on adults with heart disease, diabetes(糖尿病), and the disabilities these disease will cause. In Australia, two thirds of children are overweight and one third are obese. Twenty years ago, only about ten per cent were obese. And Australia has the greatest amount of junk food ads per hour of television than any other country in the world, including the US and the UK. About 30 per cent of all ads in kids" viewing time are for food or drinks. Most of them are for junk food: burgers, chips, soft drinks and sweets —high in fat, salt or sugar. Here in Australia, experts are also calling for a ban on TV advertising of junk food to kids. The Coalition on Food Advertising to Children (CFAC) wants to make changes to laws, hoping it can ban all food advertising on TV during the time of the day when children under 12 years old are watching. This includes early and afternoon time, and evening TV between 5 pm and 9 pm. 小题1:From the passage, we can infer that the underlined word “obsess” probably means ______.A.very strong | B.very weak | C.very confident | D.very fat | 小题2:According to the passage, how many hours can kids watch TV a day if they want to be healthier in the future?A.more than 120 minutes a day | B.less than 120 minutes a day | C.180 minutes or so a day | D.240 minutes or so a day | 小题3:______ has the greatest amount of junk food ads per hour of TV?A.Australia | B.Chinese | C.Canada | D.Germany | 小题4:In the author’s opinion, the junk food ads on TV are bad for kids’ health because _______.A.They are very expensive and harmful | B.They waste a lot of kids’ spare time | C.They persuade kids to eat junk food | D.They are more inviting and interesting |
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Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of one’s intelligence . But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people . The so-called ‘non-intelligence factors’(非智力因素)include 36 feelings , will , motivation (动机), interests and habits . After a 30-year follow-up study of 8000 males , American psychologists (心理学) 37 that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence 38 , but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn , will power and self-confidence . 39 people all know that one should have definite objectives , a strong will and good learning habits , quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to 40 these factors . Some parents are greatly worried 41 their children fail to do well in their studies . They blame either genetic (遗传的)factors , malnutrition ,(营养不良)or laziness , but they never take 42 consideration these non-intelligence factors . At the same time , some teachers don’t inquire into these , as reasons 43 students do poorly . They simply give them more courses and exercises , or 44 criticize or laugh at them . After all , these students lose self-confidence . Some of them just feel defeated and 45 themselves up as hopeless . Others may go astray(迷途)because they are sick of learning . 46 investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 per cent of them were 47 of learning , because of examinations , 36.4 per cent lacked persistence , initiative (主动)and consciousness (正直地、谨慎的)and 10.3 per cent were sick of learning . It is clear 48 the lack of cultivation (培养) of non-intelligence factors has been a main 49 to intelligence development in teenagers . It even causes an imbalance between physiological (生理的)and 50 development among a few students . If we don’t start now to 51 the cultivation of non-intelligence factors , it will not only affect the development of the 52 of teenagers , but also affect the quality of a whole generation . Some experts have put forward 53 about how to cultivate students’ non-intelligence factors . First , parents and teachers should 54 understand teenage psychology . On this basis , they can help them to pursue (调动)the objectives of learning , 55 their interests and toughening their willpower . 36.A.one’s B.their C.his D.her 37.A.came out B.found out C.made out D.worked out 38.A.in itself B.by itself C.itself D.on its own 39.A.Though B.Nevertheless C.However D.Moreover 40.A.believing B.studying C.cultivating D.developing 41.A.about B.when C.how D.whether 42.A.for B.in C.into D.over 43.A.why B.that C.when D.how 44.A.ever B.even C.still D.more 45.A.put B.get C.handle D.give 46.A.The B.An C.Another D.A 47.A.afraid B.ahead C.aware D.ashamed 48.A.that B.how C.why D.which 49.A.difficulty B.question C.threat D.obstacle(障碍) 50.A.intelligent B.characteristic C.psychological D.physical 51.A.practise B.thrust C.strengthen D.urge 52.A.intelligence B.diligence C.maturity(成熟) D.performance 53.A.projects B.warnings C.suggestions D.decision 54.A.fully B.greatly C.very D.highly 55.A.insuring B.going C.encouraging D.exciting |
Several years ago, well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even __21__ around. His doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival. Despite the diagnosis(诊断), Cousins was __22__ to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __23__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __24__ of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “Is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the __25__ to 1ive have positive treatment value?” He decided to concentrate on positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would __26__ positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He __27__ time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out _28__ emotions. Within eight days of starting his ‘‘laugh therapy” program his pain began to __29__ and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few months’ time and _30__ reached complete recovery after a few years. 21. A. run B. pass C. move D. travel 22. A. able B. determined C. willing D. positive 23. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions 24. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest 25. A. emotion B. pain C. fear D. will 26. A. bring about B. set about C. put up D. make up 27. A. afforded B. appointed C. offered D. arranged 28. A. positive B. approving C. strong D. mixed 29. A. escape B. decrease C. shrink D. end 30. A. generally B. especially C. actually D. presently |
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