阅读理解。 Secondhand smoke is a byproduct of cigarette, cigar or pipe smoking. S
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阅读理解。 |
Secondhand smoke is a byproduct of cigarette, cigar or pipe smoking. Secondhand smoke occurs when tobacco burns or when smokers exhale, and it is inhaled (吸入)involuntarily by non-smokers. Secondhand smoke___________________. The first is called side stream smoke, which is the smoke released from the burning end of a cigarette or cigar, or from tobacco burning in the bowl of a pipe. The second is called mainstream smoke, which is exhaled by a smoker. When nonsmokers are exposed to secondhand smoke, they inhale many of the same cancer-causing chemicals that smokers inhale. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 chemical compounds, including more than 50 cancer-causing chemicals, and at least 250 chemicals that are either toxic or carcinogenic. Both side stream and mainstream smoke are dangerous to nonsmokers. Side stream smoke is generated at lower temperatures and under different conditions than mainstream smoke. As a result, it contains higher concentrations of many of the toxins found in cigarette smoke. Secondhand smoke has been designated as a known human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the National Toxicology Program, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Secondhand smoke also is listed as an occupational carcinogen by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. According to the 2006 report by the U.S. Surgeon General, there is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke: even small amounts of secondhand smoke exposure can be harmful to people"s health. Separating smokers from nonsmokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating buildings can help. However, they cannot eliminate the exposure of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke. |
1.What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 10 words) _________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? In whatever way, people can’t get rid of the risk of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke completely. _________________________________________________________ 3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 8 words) _________________________________________________________ 4. Name at least three ways that will help reduce the harm of secondhand smoke. (no more than 12 words) _________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese. _________________________________________________________ |
答案
1.Secondhand smoke and its effect on non-smokers’ health 2.However, they cannot eliminate the exposure of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke. 3.is composed of /consists of/ is made up of two types of smoke 4.Separating smokers from nonsmokers; Cleaning the air;Ventilating buildings 5.当不吸烟的人吸二手烟时,他们吸入了很多和吸烟人一样的致癌物质。 答案不唯一 |
举一反三
阅读理解 Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste.The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful.Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else. The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out.The aim is to find out how many of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city.This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel and copper, but also paper and rubber as well. Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this:first, it will pass through metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed;then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids;after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken.Finally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubbish and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage. The first fullscale giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away.Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. 1. The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. show us a future way of recycling wastes B. tell the importance of recycling plant C. warn people the danger of some wastes D. introduce a new recycling plant 2. How many stages are there in the recydling process? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 3. What"s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants? A. To deal with waste in a better way. B. It"s a good way to gain profits. C. It"s more economical (经济的) than to dump wastes in more distant places. D. Energy can be got at a low price. 4. The first fullscale huge recycling plants________. A. have been in existence for 15 years B. take 15 years to build C. can"t be built until 15 years later D. will remain functioning for 15 years |
阅读理解。 |
Before any period of exercise it is well worth spending two or three minutes warming up with a series of simple stretching exercises.This not only helps your joints(关节) to move easily but also prepares all your muscle groups for more energetic activity.It is rather like a cat stretching itself before it springs into action.Here are four movements to do in an easy and unhurried way,gently stretching each action without forcing it.Repeat each movement ten times,breathing normally throughout. I.Standing with your feet apart,push both arms out straight in front of you,fingertips touching.Raise them above your head,then down to the sides pushing each arm backwards at the same time. II.Standing with your feet apart and hands on hips(臀部).Tip your head back and look straight up to the ceiling.Roll your head round slowly to face the right,then the floor,and finally up at the ceiling again.Repeat in the other direction. III.Standing with your feet apart and hands on your sides,lean first to the right and then to the left, sliding the hand down the side of the leg. IV.Standing feet apart and arms out straight in front,with your eyes fixed on your right hands,swing your right arm round to the right,keeping it straight,as far as it will go.Return it to the front and repeat with the left arm.
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1.Why should you do these exercises? |
A.To strengthen muscles. B.To stretch joints. C.To prepare for physical activity. D.To develop control of movement. |
2.How should these exercises be carried out ? |
A.With pauses,taking 10 breaths between each one. B.Continuously for two or three minutes. C.Steadily and slowly,breathing calmly. D.As energetically as possible |
3.The first set of pictures shows you how to do exercise______. |
A.I B.II C.III D.IV |
阅读理解 |
The main cause of a heart attack is not exercise or stress - it"s air pollution, according to a study published in The Lancet this month. Researchers found spending time in traffic, whether as a driver or a pedestrian(行人), tops the list of risk factors that bring on a heart attack. Jon Ayres, professor of environmental and respiratory(呼吸的) medicine at the University of Birmingham, says, "Air pollution is not only linked to strokes, heart attacks and cancer - it has a deep effect on those with existing respiratory conditions." So how can you avoid the damage? We asked the experts for their tips. TAKE TO THE SIDE STREETS Avoid main roads. These have the highest number of vehicles and also more traffic jams, which tend to run on diesel(柴油). Diesel engines emit(排放) tiny particles(粒子) that reach the lungs most easily. Choose side streets, pavements, parks and avenues lined with trees. BUY SOME HOUSEPLANTS We spend 90 percent of our time inside, but studies by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have found that pollution levels can be two to five times higher indoors than outside. Objects such as synthetic(合成的) carpets, TV screens can emit chemicals called volatile organic compounds (VOC,挥发性有机化合物), which have been linked to diseases such as cancer. Researchers at Curtin University in Perth, Australia, found an increase in asthma (哮喘) risk among children under three who had high VOC levels in their homes. Therefore, the application of air fresheners and houseplants can keep the circulation of the air and absorb the pollutants. |
1. According to the first paragraph, what causes a heart attack mainly? |
A. Exercise B. Stress C. Traffic D. Air pollution |
2. For people"s health, which of the following should NOT be chosen, according to the passage? |
A. Side streets B. Main streets C. Pavements D. Parks |
3. From the last paragraph, we can infer that _______. |
A. Pollution levels can be two to five times higher indoors than outside B. Objects such as synthetic carpets, TV screens can not cause diseases C. The risk of cancer is higher indoors than outside D. The application of air fresheners and houseplants can keep the circulation of the air and absorb the pollutants |
4. What is the passage mainly about? |
A. Tips to avoid the damage of air pollution B. Air pollution is the main cause of a heart attack C. Air pollution is linked to strokes, heart attacks and cancer D. Pollution levels can be two to five times higher indoors than outside |
阅读理解。 |
Jim suffered heart problems. In conversation he expressed little joy and it seemed that his life was drawing to a close. When his heart problems led to operation, Jim went through it successfully, and a full recovery was expected. Within days, however, his heart was not beating properly. Jim was rushed back to operation, but nothing was found to explain the cause of his illness. He died on the operating table on the day before his 48th birthday. Dr. Bruce Smoller, a psychologist, had had many conversations with him, and the more he learned, the stranger he realized Jim"s case was. When Jim was a child, his father, a teacher, suffered a heart attack and stayed home to recover. One morning Jim asked his father to look over his homework, promising to come home from school at noon to pick it up. His father agreed, but when Jim returned his father had died. Jim"s father was 48. "I think all his life Jim believed he killed his father," Dr. Smoller says. "He felt that if he had not asked him to look at his homework, his father would have lived. Jim had been troubled by the idea. The operation was the trial (判决) he had expected for forty years." Smoller believes that Jim willed himself not to live to the age of 48. Jim"s case shows the powerful role that attitude plays in physical health, and that childhood experiences produce far-reaching effect on the health of grown-ups. Although most cases are less direct than Jim"s, studies show that childhood events, besides genes, may well cause such midlife diseases as cancer, heart disease and mental illness. |
1. Jim was sent back to operation because ________. |
A. his heart didn"t work well B. he expected a full recovery C. his life was drawing to a close D. the first one wasn"t well performed |
2. What made Dr. Smoller feel strange about Jim"s case? |
A. Jim died at a young age. B. Jim died on the operating table. C. Both Jim and his father died of the same disease. D. Jim"s death is closely connected with his father"s. |
3. From Smoller"s words, we can infer that ______. |
A. Jim"s father cared little about his study B. Smoller agreed that Jim did kill his father C. Jim thought he would be punished some day D. Smoller believed Jim wouldn"t live to the age of 48 |
4. Which of the following could have strong effect on one"s physical health according to the text? |
A. a, b, d B. a, b, e C. a, c, e D. b, c, d
a. One"s genes. b. One"s life in childhood. c. One"s physical education. d. The date of one"s birthday. e. The opinions one has about something. | 阅读与表达 阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题.(请注意问题后的字数要求)
America"s No.1 health problem? A report published by the American Institute of Stress claims the biggest threat to health today is neither cancer nor AIDS. The report says: "It has been estimated that 75-90 percent of all visits to physicians (内科医生) are for stress related problems." It is no exaggeration to say that people today are being attacked by stress. According to the National Consumers League, "Work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%), followed by family (30%). Other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%) and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%)." However, stress is hardly unique to the United States. A British survey in 2005 estimated that "over half a million individuals in Britain believed in 2004 that they were experiencing work-related stress at a level that was making them ill." As a result of "work-related stress, depression or anxiety," there are "an estimated thirteen and a half million reported lost working days per year in Britain." The picture is no less bleak (荒凉的) in mainland Europe. According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, "work-related stress has been shown to affect millions of European workers across all types of employment sectors." One survey revealed that there are "about 41 million workers affected by work-related stress each year." _____________? A report issued by a conference held in Tokyo concluded: "Job stress is a common concern among many countries in the world, both developing and industrialized countries." The report observed that "several countries in East Asia, including China and Korea, have rapidly industrialized and economically grown. These countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects on workers" health."
1. What"s the main idea of the passage? ( please answer within 10 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What does the underlined sentence "The picture is no less bleak (荒凉的) in mainland Europe?" mean? ( please answer within 10 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. List three sources of stress according to the passage. (please answer within 10 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with a proper sentence. (Please answer within 10 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ |
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