Mark Twain said that "habit is habit, and not to be flung（扔） out the window by a
题型：不详难度：来源：
Mark Twain said that "habit is habit, and not to be flung（扔） out the window by anyone, but coaxed(劝诱) downstairs a step at a time. " The chances of successfully changing negative behavior when you make gradual changes that give you time to _ _ negative patterns for positive ones.
On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and _ _ to begin to change a given behavior "today." Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high . In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing it was they thought they shouldn"t be doing.
After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not if they start with the change itself. , they believe that we must a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that what you do ,you must decide which behavior-change technique will work best for you.
According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most problems and related behaviors arise from irrational (不理性的) statements that people make to when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose after doing on an exam, you say to yourself, “I can not believe I failed that easy exam. I am so stupid.”By changing this irrational “catastrophic” self-talk into rational, statements about what is really going on, you can increase the that positive behaviors will occur.
Positive self-talk might be as follows: "I really didn"t study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next ”.
Such self-talk will help you to recover quickly from and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on (沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.
| 小题1: | | A．decline | B．remain | C．disappear | D．improve |
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| 小题2: | | A．substitute | B．cancel | C．find | D．ignore |
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| 小题3: | | A．refuse | B．determine | C．hesitate | D．advocate |
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| 小题4: | | A．more | B．better | C．worse | D．less |
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| 小题5: | | A．values | B．requirements | C．expectations | D．levels |
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| 小题6: | | A．whichever | B．however | C．wherever | D．whatever |
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| 小题7: | | A．succeed | B．fail | C．exist | D．fade |
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| 小题8: | | A．Nevertheless | B．Otherwise | C．Instead | D．Moreover |
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| 小题9: | | A．look through | B．break through | C．go through | D．pull through |
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| 小题10: | | A．initial | B．temporary | C．instant | D．eventual |
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| 小题11: | | A．involve | B．influence | C．explain | D．adjust |
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| 小题12: | | A．emotional | B．physical | C．technical | D．professional |
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| 小题13: | | A．all | B．others | C．someone | D．themselves |
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| 小题14: | | A．poorly | B．carefully | C．completely | D．slowly |
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| 小题15: | | A．positive | B．ridiculous | C．negative | D．explicit |
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| 小题16: | | A．danger | B．awareness | C．amount | D．probability |
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| 小题17: | | A．written | B．phrased | C．listed | D．captioned |
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| 小题18: | | A．research | B．test | C．talk | D．problem |
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| 小题19: | | A．tiredness | B．habits | C．disappointment | D．burdens |
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| 小题20: | | A．recalling | B．starting | C．blocking | D．holding |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:B
小题5:C
小题6:D
小题7:A
小题8:C
小题9:C
小题10:D
小题11:B
小题12:A
小题13:D
小题14:A
小题15:A
小题16:D
小题17:B
小题18:B
小题19:C
小题20:C |
解析
试题分析：文章通过马克吐温的一句名言，引出话题“如何改变不良习惯”，我们应该逐渐的确定改变的目标，也不要通过不理性的自说自话来改变，而是积极的采取措施，用理性的说法让自己不要失望。
小题1:考查动词辨析：A. decline下降，B. remain仍然，C. disappear消失，D. improve提高，从上文的：but coaxed (劝诱)downstairs a step at a time.”可知当你逐渐改变的时候成功的改变负面的行为的机会会增加。选D
小题2:考查动词辨析： A. substitute替换，B. cancel取消，C. find 发现，D. ignore忽视，让你将负面的行为换成积极的行为，选A
小题3:考查动词辨析： A. refuse拒绝，B. determine 决定，C. hesitate犹豫，D. advocate提倡，促进，每天很多人起床的时候，都会决定今天开始改变一种行为。选B
小题4:考查形容词辨析：A. more更多，B. better更好，C. worse更坏，D. less更少，更好的管理时间，选B
小题5:考查名词辨析：A. values价值，B. requirements要求，C. expectations期待，D. levels水平，从下文的：In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail可知一开始我们有很高的期望值，选C
小题6:考查连词辨析：A. whichever无论哪个，B. however无论怎样，C. wherever无论何时，D. whatever无论什么，大部分人失败了，很快开始做他们认为不应该做的事情。Whatever引导的是宾语从句，选D
小题7:考查动词辨析：A. succeed成功，B. fail失败，C. exist 存在，D. fade褪色，一些研究人员相信行为改变通常不会成功，如果以改变本身开始。选A
小题8:考查副词辨析：A. Nevertheless然而，B. Otherwise否则，C. Instead代替，D. Moreover还有，相反的，他们相信我们必须经历一系列阶段来让自己为最后的改变做好充分准备，选C
小题9:考查动词短语辨析：A. look through浏览，B. break through突破，C. go through经历，D. pull through恢复，度过难关，经历一系列阶段，选C
小题10:考查形容词辨析：A. initial最初的，B. temporary暂时的，C. instant即刻的，D. eventual最后的，从上文的;if they start with the change itself.可知这里指最后的改变，选D
小题11:考查动词辨析： A. involve涉及，B. influence影响，C. explain解释，D. adjust调整，一旦你分析了所有影响你做的事情的因素，你就要决定哪种改变行为的策略是最适合你的，选B
小题12:考查形容词辨析：A. emotional情感的，B. physical身体的吗，C. technical技术的，D. professional专业的，根据According to the psychologist Albert Ellis,可知大部分情感问题和相关的行为由他们对自己说的不理性的说法引起，选A
小题13:考查代词辨析：A. all所有的，B. others其他的，C. someone有人，D. themselves他们自己，从下文的;you say to yourself,可知这些说法是自己对自己说的，使用make a statement to oneself，选D
小题14:考查副词辨析：A. poorly穷地，差，B. carefully仔细地，C. completely完全地，D. slowly慢地，从下文的：“I can"t believe I failed that easy exam, I’m so stupid.”可知是想改变考试考的差，选A
小题15:考查形容词辨析：A. positive积极地，B. ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的，荒唐的，C. negative负面的， D. explicit明确的，清楚的，通过改变这种不理性的自说自话成为关于事情真正发展的理性的积极的说法，选A。
小题16:考查名词辨析：A. danger危险，B. awareness意识，C. amount 数量，D. probability可能，你会增加积极行为发生的可能性。选D
小题17:考查动词辨析：A. written 写，B. phrased叙述，措词，C. listed列出，D. captioned给（图片、照片等）加说明文字，积极的自说自话应该是向这样叙述。选B
小题18:考查名词辨析：A. research研究，B. test检测，考试，C. talk谈话，D. problem问题，这次考试我没有好好学习，我要为下一次考试做好准备，选B
小题19:考查名词辨析： A. tiredness疲劳，B. habits 习惯，C. disappointment失望，D. burdens负担，这样的自说自话会让你很快从失望中恢复。选C
小题20:考查动词辨析：A. recalling回顾，B. starting开始，C. blocking堵塞，D. holding持久，和stopping并列用blocking，一些其他的技巧如有目的的阻止或停止负面的想法，拒绝沉湎于负面的想象能省的你浪费精力，时间和情感源泉，继续积极的改变。选C |
举一反三
I used to live selfishly, I should admit. But one moment changed me.
I was on my lunch break and had ___ the office to get something to eat. On the way，I __a busker(街头艺人)，with a hat in front of him. I had some ___ in my pocket，but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would __ use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. He___ like that type— young and ragged. ___ what was I going to spend the money on? Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate! I then ___ I had no right to place myself above ___ just because he was busking.
I ___ and dropped all the coins into his __，and he smiled at me. I watched for a while. As ___ as it sounds，I expected something more to come from that moment—a feeling of ___ or satisfaction, for example. But nothing happened. ___ ,I walked off. “It proved to be a waste of __ .”I thought.
On my way home at the end of the ___ , I saw the busker again and he was __ .I watched him pick up the hat and walk __ a cafe counter. There he poured the ___ contents into a tin collecting __ an earthquake fundraising(募捐) event. He was busking for charity!
Now I donate any ___ I have to charity tins and enjoy the feeling of giving.
| 小题1: | | A．left | B．cleaned | C．prepared | D．searched |
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| 小题2: | | A．led | B．chose | C．saw | D．fooled |
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| 小题3: | | A．chocolates | B．coins | C．tins | D．drugs |
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| 小题4: | | A．almost | B．only | C．rather | D．still |
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| 小题5: | | A．acted | B．looked | C．sounded | D．smelt |
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| 小题6: | | A．Though | B．For | C．Therefore | D．But |
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| 小题7: | | A．declared | B．realized | C．expected | D．guessed |
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| 小题9: | | A．waited | B．followed | C．stopped | D．arrived |
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| 小题10: | | A．rag | B．hat | C．pocket | D．counter |
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| 小题11: | | A．selfish | B．awkward | C．innocent | D．special |
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| 小题12: | | A．happiness | B．sadness | C．love | D．hate |
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| 小题13: | | A．Disappointedly | B．Unfortunately | | C．Coincidentally | D．Comfortably |
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| 小题14: | | A．words | B．effort | C．space | D．money |
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| 小题15: | | A．moment | B．day | C．break | D．event |
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| 小题16: | | A．walking around | B．passing by | | C．packing up | D．running off |
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| 小题18: | | A．chief | B．basic | C．actual | D．total |
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| 小题20: | | A．work | B．time | C．energy | D．change |
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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I have been blessed with the opportunity in my life. It took the near-death experience of my dad to make me realize that my purpose in life is to others. My dad suffered from leukemia(白血病) in 1998. the pain and treatment that he put up with inspired me to be a more kind and person. I realized life is just too and it was time for me to make some changes — do the things in life that I wanted to do without making why I couldn’t do them.
My dad a bone marrow transplant(骨髓移植) operation, and after that he was able to reuse his own “cleaned” marrow, so a donor(捐献者) was not needed. That was excellent because donors who are a match are hard to come by. That me to become a bone marrow donor and hopefully help someone else one day. I also money for the cancer patients. Yet, I was not satisfied with just that. I had to do more, I blood every other month and seek opportunities to do other acts of kindness daily. The opportunity, some days, presents itself very and some days I have to seek it out. Either way, it comes.
I would like to one of my favorite quotes（名言）with you all:
“In an average lifetime, a person about sixty-five thousand miles. That’s two and half times around the world. I wonder your steps will take you. I wonder how you’ll use the rest of the you’re given.”
I want to use my miles to create foot prints of love in this world.
| 小题1: | | A．advise | B．ask | C．help | D．understand |
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| 小题2: | | A．Suffering | B．Watching | C．Discovering | D．Bringing |
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| 小题3: | | A．stronger | B．independent | C．giving | D．receiving |
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| 小题4: | | A．short | B．wonderful | C．dangerous | D．boring |
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| 小题5: | | A．efforts | B．promises | C．excuses | D．plans |
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| 小题6: | | A．refused | B．had | C．learned | D．stopped |
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| 小题7: | | A．expression | B．knowledge | C．news | D．sense |
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| 小题8: | | A．forced | B．inspired | C．allowed | D．expected |
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| 小题9: | | A．raised | B．kept | C．paid | D．hid |
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| 小题10: | | A．check | B．test | C．donate | D．sell |
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| 小题11: | | A．secretly | B．clearly | C．peacefully | D．wildly |
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| 小题12: | | A．share | B．divide | C．record | D．repeat |
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| 小题13: | | A．conveys | B．owns | C．measures | D．walks |
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| 小题15: | | A．materials | B．miles | C．world | D．wealth |
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The riches in the world are not found in the famous gold and diamond mines，where many men and women are digging for them．Most riches in the world are found in the cemeteries(墓地)and grave yards，buried with people’s dreams，aspirations，and unfulfilled potential．Why is it so?
Countless men and women died without ever having the courage to follow their own paths．Maybe because they were afraid to violate some kinds of social norms, maybe because they were afraid to be alone，or maybe simply because they preferred to settle for the familiar．They went to the graves，with a song that would never be heard，a piece of poetry never be written, a dance step never be initiated and a heart full of dreams and aspirations，leaving behind a life full of potential yet no legacy．
Michael Jordan，one of the greatest athletes once said，‘‘I can fail，but I cannot afford not to try．” Life remains a beautiful journey if we learn to take that step and to work that path．Every challenge and defeat in the process becomes a light post that sharpens the vision and shapes the direction forward．
“In my world nothing goes wrong，”said the great Indian sage Nmaja Dhahta Majraj．We must learn to trust the greatness within all of us and know that each of as is here to bring our unique contribution to the universal monument．If each of us learns to dance to the music we only can hear, society as a whole will evolve naturally and spiritually toward love，peace and happiness，and will be void of jealousy,envy and discrimination．
And Henry David Thoreau would say, “If a man does not keep pace with his companions，that is because he hears a difierent drum．’’And one truly believes that the path to success and happiness passes through the dancing to such a unique drumbeat．Therefore，do not die with the music still playing inside you．
小题1:What’s the author’s opinion on riches?| A．They are people’s dreams and aspirations． | | B．They are the most important things in the world． | | C．They are something we can’t possess and dream of． | | D．They are gold and diamonds which we can dig for in mines． |
小题2:According to Paragraph 2，which one is NOT the reason why so many people died without sticking to their own paths?| A．They were afraid to break the traditional norms． | | B．They were used to what they were already familiar with． | | C．They were afraid to hurt others and snffer setbacks． | | D．They were afraid to be alone when making the dreams come true． |
小题3:What does Michael Jordan mean by saying “I can fail, but I cannot afrord not to try”?| A．Having a try is an easy thing we can do． | | B．Trying something new will bring us benefits． | | C．We should be careful if we want to have a try． | | D．All people are not brave enough to experience something new． |
小题4:Which word can best describe Nihaja Dhahta Majraj according to the passage?| A．Brave． | B．Healthy． | C．Common． | D．Self-confident． |
小题5:How is the passage organized?| A．Topic—Argument—Explanation | | B．Topic—Examples—Conclusion | | C．Introduction—Comparison—Discussion | | D．Introduction—Explanatton—Examples |
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When I was about 10, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee anytime around the neighborhood, so I just stood there. After we passed him, my mother stopped and said something unforgettable, "You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody you know without opening your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail when it passes you on the street. "That sentence sounds simple but it made me become who I am.
At work, I used to say hello to the president of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I also spoke to the people in the cafe and people who cleaned the buildings, and asked them how their children were doing, for every single person deserves to be accepted, no matter how humble(低微的)they are. I remember that after a few years of passing by the president, I had the courage to ask him for a chat. We had a great talk. At some point, when I asked him how far he thought I could go in his company, he said that if I wanted to, I could get all the way to his seat.
I"ve become vice-president, but that hasn"t changed how I treat people. I speak to people wherever I am. Speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, and it lets them come into mine, too.
The day you speak to someone who has his head down and then see him lift it up and smile, you will realize how powerful it is just to open your mouth and say hello.
小题1:What is the best title for this passage?| A．The power of being talkative | | B．My mother"s influence on me | | C．The power of saying hello | | D．My way to become vice-president |
小题2: It is implied in the first paragraph that .| A．the writer didn"t like Mr. Lee | | B．the writer didn"t say hello to Mr. Lee on that occasion | | C．the writer didn"t get along well with his mother | | D．the writer"s mother stopped to say hello to everyone she met |
小题3: What can we learn from the second paragraph?| A．The writer didn"t say hello to everyone in the company. | | B．The writer made a very good impression on the president of the company. | | C．The president of the company thought the writer was much better than him. | | D．The president of the company actually didn"t like the writer at all. |
小题4:For the writer, saying hello to others .| A．is a way to get what he wants | | B．has become a habit and a way of life | | C．is a way to show respect for his mother | | D．is important in making him remembered |
小题5:According to Paragraph 3, in the writer’s opinion, speaking to others can .| A．make our world much better | | B．make people much happier every day | | C．help people understand each other better | | D．help people work much better |
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Several years ago, I worked as a truck driver for a company. On Saturdays I usually spent several hours doing something to keep my truck in good condition.
One Saturday, as I was cleaning my truck, I noticed the boss’s elderly father came out to ask his grandson to take him fishing after work. The grandson told him all about how much he would love to do that, but he just couldn’t because he had other plans already. The old man hobbled (蹒跚) off to the house.
Then I heard the grandson telling his dad, "I’m not taking that old man fishing! It’s worse than taking a kid."
That just broke my heart.
I quit working immediately and went home to fetch my fishing gear (渔具) and a chair. Then I came back and invited the old man to go fishing. He accepted happily.
When we got to the river, I let him sit in the chair at the edge of the water. It wasn’t long before he got a fish. He got one fish after another. His eyes were shining like a child. About half an hour later, he told me he was tired and needed to go home. So I took him and the fish home.
Two weeks later, the old man died. His family told me later that all he talked about during that time was his fishing trip. I am satisfied that I have taken an old man on his last fishing trip, but I am sorry that his family have lost their last chance. Whenever you get the chance, don’t forget about taking Grandpa fishing. Someday, you may be in the same place and you’ll want your family to care about you, too.
小题1:The writer wrote the passage mainly to ________.| A．tell us something about his work | | B．tell us about a fishing experience | | C．persuade us to take Grandpa fishing | | D．persuade us to care about the elderly |
小题2:The old man’s Grandson refused to fish with him because ______.| A．he had something more important to do that day | | B．he didn’t like to fish with an old man | | C．he was tired of his job and he wanted to rest | | D．he preferred fishing with a child |
小题3:What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word "quit"?| A．start | B．stop | C．imagine | D．try |
小题4:According to the passage, we can infer（推断） that the author is _______.| A．willing to make his boss happy | | B．in need of care from his family | | C．prefers fishing to his work | | D．kind and warm-hearted |
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