For photographers lacking training, experience and even the ability to click a s
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For photographers lacking training, experience and even the ability to click a shutter button, they produce remarkable pictures. Under the sea, deep in the woods and high in the sky, furry, feathery and leathery-skinned creatures are opening up vistas（远景）by taking cameras where no human can go.
This is the world of animal-borne imagine celebrated last month at a conference sponsored(supported) by the National Geographic Society for the 20th anniversary of its Crittercam, the device that started it all.
Since its debut（首次公开露面）in 1987 on the back of a turtle, the Crittercam and similar devices developed by others have grown smaller and more powerful.
“It’s more than just a camera now,” said Greg Marshall, the marine biologist and now filmmaker who invented the Crittercam. “We are now including more instruments to gather more data while at the same time reducing everything in size.”
The idea of attaching video cameras to animals came to Mr. Marshall in 1986 on a dive off Belize when a shark apporached him. When the animal quickly turned away, he noticed a shark with a sucker fish on its belly. He came up with the idea that putting a camera in place of the sucker fish would allow people to witness the shark’s behavior without disturbing it.
Crittercams have been attached to sharks, sea lions and other marine animals, and, more recently, to land animals.
Birds are a new addition, Mr. Marshall said. Dr. Christian Rutz of Oxford recently reported on tiny cameras called feathercams that monitor the crows in the South Pacific. It has discovered that crows are smarter than anyone knew they not only use twigs（嫩枝）and grass stems as tools to root out food, but they also save their favorite tools to use again.
Tracey L. Rogers, director of the Australian Marine Mammal Research Center in Sydney, said crittercam was a powerful tool in her work with leopard seals（豹斑海豹）in Antarctica. “In studying animals,” Dr. Rogers said at the meeting, “you want to see how our animal models align（与……一致）with reality. With a camera, you actually see what they do. You don’t have to guess.”
64.What’s the text mainly about?
A. The advantages of crittercam.
B. The development of Crittercams in the past 20 years.
C. How crittercam was invented.
D. How crittercam works.
65.What inspired Marshall to invent crittercam?
A. The sight of sucker fish clinging to a shark on a dive.
B. The thought of how to photograph animals better.
C. Noticing a shark eating a sucker fish on a dive.
D. Seeing a shark with a camera on its belly on a dive.
66.According to Dr. Rogers, crittercam ____.
A. can clear up all your doubts about animals
B. is the most powerful tool in studying animals
C. enabled her to observe the crows in the South Pacific closely
D. helped a lot with her research on leopard seals in Antarctica
67.All of the following are improvements of crittercams EXCEPT that ____.
A. the size is becoming smaller
B. more instruments are involved to gather more data
C. they allow researchers to see where and how animals live
D. they are able to be applied to smaller animals such as birds |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:C |
解析
| |
举一反三
We convince ourselves that life will be better once we are married, have a baby, then another．Then we get frustrated because our children are not old enough and that all will be well when they are older．Then we are frustrated because they reach teenage years and we must deal with them．Surely we"ll be happier when they grow out of the teen years．
We tell ourselves our life will be better when our spouse （配偶） gets his/her act together, when we have a nicer car, when we can take a vacation, when we finally retire．The truth is that there is no better time to be happy than right now．If not, then when? Your life will always be full of challenges．It is better to admit as much and to decide to be happy in spite of it all．
For the longest time, it seemed that life was about to start—real life．
But there was always some obstacles （挫折） along the way, an ordeal （苦难） to get through, some work to be finished, some time to be given, a bill to be paid．Then life would start．It finally dawned on me that those obstacles were part of life．Little by little, that point of view also helped me see that there isn"t any road to happiness．
Happiness is the road．So, enjoy every moment．And bear in mind that__________．So stop waiting for school to end, for a return to school, to lose ten pounds, to gain ten pounds, for work to begin, to get married, for Friday evening, for Sunday morning, waiting for a new car, for your mortgage（借款） to be paid off, for spring, for summer, for fall, for winter, for the first or the fifteenth of the month, for your song to be played on the radio, to die, to be reborn… before deciding to be happy．
Happiness is a voyage, not a destination．There is no better time to be happy than… NOW! Live and enjoy the moment．
60．The most proper title for the passage should be______．
A．Happiness Is a Frustration B．Happiness Is a Destination
C．Happiness Is a Dream D．Happiness is a Process
61．The first two paragraphs mainly tell us_______．
A．life is a worthwhile but challenging voyage
B．so long as you believe you can, you can
C．people tend to think the future will be brighter than now
D．people feel at a loss about their life
62．The writer thinks _______is a real happiness
A．setting our imagination free B．enjoying our present life
C．finding our own shortcut to success D．facing obstacles and challenges bravely
63．Which of the sayings can fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph?
A．Time waits for no one B．Time is money．
C．Tomorrow is another day． D．Time can work wonders． |
第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There are many American expressions that use parts of the body like the back, shoulders and even chest.
When I am facing a lot of 36 at work, my back and neck will start to hurt. I have too many things to do 37 my supervisor is on my back all the time. In other words, my employer is always telling me to do things.
Sometimes, I want my employer to get off nay 38 ! I want her to 39 criticizing me and making too many 40 on my time. I cannot say this, however. I would never turn my back on her and 41 to help when there is a need. If I did refuse to help, my supervisor might say 42 things about me behind my back. She might 43 me when I am not present. This would surely be a stab (暗箭) in the back. It is never kind to unfairly 44 or say bad things about other people.
I know that my employer carries a lot on her shoulders. She is 45 for many things at the office. And because she is so important, she sometimes gets to rub shoulders with the top officials. She gets to _46 time with some very important people. 1 believe the top official 47 my supervisor. He 48_ gives her file cold shoulder. 49 he always treats her like she is an 50 part of the organization.
I also value my supervisor. In fact, I think she is very effective in her job. Of course, I could 51_ my opinion at the top of my lungs, or as 52 as I possibly could. It might even feel good to get my emotions off my 53 . It is always helpful to tell people how you 54 so that your emotions do not _55 you.
36, A. pleasure B. pressure C. promotion D. power
37. A. before B. because C. though D. unless
38. A. back B, shoulders C. chest D. job
39. A, continue B. finish C. stop D. miss
40. A, interests B. profits C. demands D. changes
41. A. agree B. like C. offer D. refuse
42. A. important B. valuable C. bad D. boring
43. A. praise B, attract C. call D. criticize
44. A. harm B, believe C. ignore D. trouble
45. A. reasonable B. responsible C. required D. resistant
46. A. spare B. speed C. spend D. spread
47. A. values B. understands C. challenges D. responds
48. A. always B. never C. often D. sometimes
49. A. However B. Similarly C. Eventually D. Instead
50. A. important B. individual C. inspiring D. interactive
51. A. tell B. yell C. explain D. scold
52. A. softly B. eagerly C. loudly D. secretly
53. A. heart B. chest C. mind D. hand
54. A. feel B. go C. think D. act
55. A. support B. protect C. comfort D. trouble |
A senior official in charge of Internet security has claimed that the country has become the world" s biggest victim of cyber-attacks.
In an interview with Xinhua over the weekend, Zhou Yonglin, deputy chief of the operations department of China National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team ( CNCERT), also dismissed Google" s complaints that hackers traced to China had attacked its servers.
Google has not yet given CNCERT any report on the company" s complaints about the attacks, according to Zhou. "We have been hoping that Google will contact us so that we could have details on this issue and provide them help if necessary.”
Foreign firms such as eBay have turned to CNCERT for cyber security issues in the past year. Last year, the Internet security watchdog received 21,618 complaints from foreign companies, of which 1,095 cases were solved after combining similar cases. These cases included the trojan and phishing attacks (钓鱼攻击) against eBay /Paypal, JPMorgan Chase & Co and MarkMonitor Inc.
China has also sought other countries" help to clear web pages with malicious content. In November 2009, CNCERT reported to its US counterpart, the US-CERT, about two US-registered domain (域) names that were planting trojans on hundreds of Chinese websites. The domain names were shut down within two days of CNCERT’s requests.
With the number of Chinese netizens soaring but their Internet security awareness lagging, hackers have made China their primary target, Zhou said. He accused overseas hackers, especially those in the US, of illegally controlling computers in China by implanting malicious programs including trojans and zombie programs.
Compared with Interact security issues in the US, Japan and the Republic of Korea, it is very serious in China. Last year, 262,000 IP addresses in China were hit by trojans planted by nearly 165,000 overseas IP addresses. Those from the US ranked first, accounting for 16.61 percent.
60. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Google attacked by unknown hackers.
B. US legally responsible for Internet Security
C. Malicious Programs, an International Problem
D. China, the world" s biggest victim of cyber-attacks
61. Who does the underlined "a senior official" refer to?
A. An interviewer from Xinhua News Agency.
B. Deputy Chief of operation department of CNCERT.
C. A high official from Google Company.
D. A representative from foreign firms.
62. The author mentions eBay as an example of ________.
A. complaining for the cyber attacks B. seeking other countries for assistance
C. turning to CNCERT for cyber security D. taking USA as a counterpart
63. What does the writer intend to tell the readers in Paragraph 5?
A. The global cyber-attacks are mainly from the US.
B. International cooperation quickens steps to settle cyber issues.
C. The two US-registered domains are the counterparts of US-CERT.
D. CNCERT shut down the two US domain names within two days. |
Every country has its different customs when visiting other people"s homes for a dinner party. It"s important to know these before visiting a foreign country, so that you can avoid making embarrassing mistakes. Three people from different countries explain how to behave at a dinner party there.
Masako, Japan
The first thing to remember when visiting a Japanese home for dinner is that you should always dress correctly, as if going to the office. Casual wear is not appropriate. When you meet someone in Japan you should always bow. A deep bow is suitable for someone older or senior to you, while a short bow is suitable for younger people or your peers. Remember to take off your shoes when you enter the house. Always take a gift when you visit a Japanese home. Your host will expect it. It is important to arrive on time, and certainly not more than five minutes late. Don"t sit down at the table until your host tells you where to sit. When you have finished eating and drinking, return your chopsticks to the chopstick rest, and do not finish your glass. If you do so, your host will pour more into the glass.
Mamadou, Senegal
Don"t be surprised if there are only men or only women at your table when you go out to dinner in Senegal. Men and women sometimes eat separately in nay country. Wait until your host tells you where to sit. We normally sit on the floor to eat. First, everyone washes their hands in a washing basin. When the food comes it will be placed in front of you, and at first you will be offered food from the dishes by your host. Later you can serve yourself from the dishes, but make sure you do not lean over the food. Take food from the part of the bowl closest to you. Try a little of everything. It is polite to do so. Please make sure your feet do not touch the mat on which the food is placed.
Luis, Spain
Spanish dinner parties are great fun. We often start late in the evening and don"t get up to leave until the small hours of the morning. I think you will enjoy going out to dinner in Spain. Firstly, never arrive on time. Fifteen or twenty minutes late is normal. Shake hands with your host, smile and look him in the eye. If he offers you a cup of coffee, be sure to accept it. Not to do so would be to reject your host" s kindness. A gift is not necessary, but will be welcomed. Food is served on individual plates, western-style, and is eaten with a knife and fork. Keep your hands where others can see them during the meal, but don" t put your elbows on the table. When you have finished, put your knife and fork at an angle on the plate. Try to finish your food if you can!
72. What is the purpose of the writer in writing this passage?
A. To introduce some customs in foreign countries.
B. To tell stories about three people at dinner parties.
C. To avoid making embarrassing mistakes when dining abroad.
D. To show the importance of cultural awareness when travelling abroad.
73. From Masako"s explanation, we can know that in Japan _________.
A. young people bow not so deeply as older or senior people
B. old people don"t have to bow to young people
C. young people do not bow deeply to those of the same age
D. all people should bow deeply to each other when they meet
74. Which of the following should a guest in Senegal do when the food is served?
A. Wait until the host asks him/her to eat. B. Don"t eat until the host helps him/her.
C. Help himself/herself to anything he likes. D. Eat up the food from the closest plate.
75. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The Japanese sit on the floor and eat in front of a mat.
B. The Senegalese sit on the floor and eat at a table.
C. The Spanish sit at a table and eat with chopsticks.
D. The Japanese sit at a table and eat with chopsticks. |
If you" re feeling stressed, rather than wallow （沉迷） in watching television, try looking out of the window, with a US study finding scenes of nature can ease off minor stress levels．
Researchers at the Human Interaction with Nature and Technological Systems Lab at the University of Washington set out to look at whether nature, either the real thing or the one depicted （描述） technologically, can impact on minor stress levels．The study involved measuring people" s heart recovery rates from minor stress when they were exposed to a natural scene through a window and when exposed to the same scene shown on a high-definition plasma （等离子） screen, or a blank wall．
"The heart rates of people who looked at the scene through the window dropped more quickly than the others．In fact, the high-definition plasma screen had no more effect than the blank wall," the researchers said in a statement．They also found that when people spent more time looking at the natural scene their heart rates tended to decrease more．That was not the case with the plasma screen．
The study, involving 90 college students, is published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology．"Technology is good and it can help our lives, but let" s not be fooled into thinking we can live without nature," Peter Kahn, who led the research team, said in a statement．He said people were losing direct experiences with nature and instead experiencing nature represented technologically through television and other media with children growing up watching Discovery Channel and Animal
Planet．"But as a species we need interaction with actual nature for our physical and psychological well-being," he said．
59．According to the passage, watching an actual natural scene on a high-definition plasma screen __
A．is actually harmful to one" s health
B．is as good to one" s health as watching an actual natural scene
C．doesn"t do any good to one" s health at all
D．may have some impact on minor stress levels
60．Peter Kahn believes that watching Discovery Channel and Animal Planet
A．is quite necessary for the growth of children
B．doesn"t help in the growing process of children
C．does more harm than good to children
D．can"t take the place of children" interaction with the real nature
61．The study shows that people" s heart rates decrease the most when they____
A．fix their eyes on a blank wall
B．watch a beautiful scene on a high-definition plasma screen
C．watch the natural scene out of a window
D．fix their eyes on a natural scene depicted technologically
62．Who would be most interested in the study mentioned in the passage?
A．People with minor stress levels．
B．People with high stress levels．
C．People with medium stress levels．
D．People with psychological problems． |
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