There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how th

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There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown．They probably came about just to give children something to do．
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another．In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same．The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology．It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the word and their persistence to the present that is amazing．In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic（北极的） people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared．Variations depended on local customs and way of life because toys imitate their surrounding．Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles．
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of

art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use．The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up．The progress from a rattle （拨浪鼓） used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness．Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials．
71．The reason why the toys moat boys play with are different from those that gills play with is that _____.
A．their social roles are rigidly determined
B．they like challenging activities
C．most boys would like to follow their fathers" professions
D．boys like to play with their fathers while girl with their mothers
72．One aspect of "the universality of toys" lies in the fact that _____．
A．the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world
B．technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys
C．the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys
D．the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities
73．Which of the following is the author"s view on the historical development of toys?
A．Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child"s character．
B．The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years．
C．The craftsmanship in toy - making has remained essentially unchanged．
D．Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries．
74．Regarded as a kind of art form, toys _____．
A．reflect the pace of social progress
B．are not characterized by technological progress
C．follow a direct line of ascent
D．also appeal greatly to adults
75．The author uses the example of a rattle to show that _____．
A．it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy - making
B．even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology
C．even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time
D．in toy - making there is a continuity in the use of materials

答案

小题1:A
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:C

解析

举一反三

In the United States, it is important to be on time , or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian（巴西的） university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and end at 12. On the first day , when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11 A.M

. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized(道歉)for their lateness．Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students’ behavior.
The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation：at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively．He gave them an example and asked them how they would react, If they had a lunch appointment with a friend，the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time，On the other hand．the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes．
In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour．In contrast, in Brazil，neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour．Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States，but also end at the scheduled time．In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12：00；many remained past 12：30 to discuss the class and ask more questions．While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late．
36. The word‘punctual’most probably means________.
A．1eaving soon after class      B．coming early
C．arriving a few minutes late    D．being on time
37. Why did the professor study the Brazilian students’behavior?
A．He felt puzzled at the students’ being late．
B．He felt angry at the students" rudeness．
C．He wanted to m

ake the students come on time later．
D．He wanted to collect data for one of his studies．
38. It can be inferred from the professor’s study of lateness in the informal situation that____．
A．American students will become impatient if their friend is five minutes late
B．neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatherings
C．being late in one culture may not be considered so in another culture
D．Brazilia

n students will not come thirty-three minutes after the agreed time
39. From

the last paragraph we know that in Brazil____.
A. it is important to arrive at the appointed time
B．it is rude to keep the professor staying after class
C．it is normal for students to leave during lectures
D．it is acceptable for professors

to be late for class．

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Some people were eating and drinking in a coffee house. A young woman was sitting alone at a table. She was wearing a beautiful diamond necklace. There was an ugly man at a table not far from her. He was looking at her necklace all the time.
Suddenly the lights went out. The coffee house was in darkness. The woman started to shout. She was very frightened. A few minutes later the lights came on again. The woman was crying. Her necklace was missing.
The manager quickly closed all the doors. He telephoned the police. No one could get out of the coffee house. The policemen soon came. The police inspector told his men to search everyone. The necklace was not on anyone. They then searched the whole coffee house. The necklace couldn"t be found.
The police inspector then looked at the faces of all the people in the coffee house. He saw the ugly man and looked at the man carefully. He went up to the man and picked up the bowl of soup that was on his table. He

then poured the soup into a glass. The necklace fell out. The policemen caught hold of the man and took him away. The young woman was happy to get back her necklace.
36. A young woman lost her necklace in ______________.
A. a hospital      B. a shop           C. a coffee house      D. a restaurant
37. The manager closed all the doors and _______________.
A. searched everyone in the coffee house     B. searched the whole coffee house
C. telephoned the police                  D. looked at all the people in the coffee house
38. The police inspector found the necklace in __________.
A. a bowl of soup B. a bowl of rice    C. a glass of milk      D. a cup of coffee
39. The necklace was stolen by ___________.
A. a beautiful girl B. an old woman   C. a young student      D. an ugly man

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四、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在机读卡上将该项涂黑。
Watson entered Mr Smith’s office. The Boss was a hard man. He fired people who didn’t do well without giving them a second chance.
“Watson,” said Mr Smith, “this past year your department hasn’t earned money. We’re going to drop that department. It’s finished. I’ m sorry, —but you’ll have to go.” “But, sir—if I just had a little more time. For the moment I need the job to keep my son at Riverside School.”
“What’s that!” said the Boss. “Riverside! I didn’t know you had a boy there. That’s an expensive school for a man with your salary.”
“1 know, sir. But he likes it there so much! He’s a star trackman（田径运动员） and the best boxer in the school. The boys call him Champ（冠军） there.”
The Boss sat perfectly still for a long time—a faraway （恍惚的） look in his eyes. Then, suddenly, he said, “We’ve got to close your department, Watson. But you’ll take over a new job in another department. It means longer hours—maybe more pay. Now get out. You’re here for life.”
Watson got out, with surprise in his face. Then the Boss took a letter from the top drawer of his desk. It was Herbie’s last letter from Riverside School —written a few days before he died. He had read it over and over again with sick pain. The letter read:
I can’t say the boys here are any nicer to me than the others were. I guess it’s the same everywhere when you’re a cripple (跛脚的人). But don’t worry about me, Dad. They’ve got a good chemistry department here. And there’s one boy here who is really great. He’s a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry. The boys call him Champ. He made them stop throwing my books around. And he knocked a boy down who hit me. He is the best friend I ever had. Dad, when I grow up, I want to do something for Champ. Something big—that he won’t even know about.
Your son,
Herbie
56. The underlined word “drop” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ________.
A. fall                   B. close                        C. punish                      D. sell
57. It can be inferred from the text that Champ is_______.
A. Watson’ s son                                       B. Mr Smith’ s son
C. a teacher of Mr Smith’s son                           D. the son of Mr Smith’s friend
58. From the text we know that Herbie_______.
A. was a college student                    B. didn’t live to grow up
C. made friends with many boys                 D. died from a car accident
59. Watson was given a second chance because_______.
A. Mr Smith wanted to help Watson’s son
B. a man was needed in another department
C. Herbie told Mr Smith to do so in his letter
D. Mr Smith wanted to realize his son’s dream

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Every family with kids has seen its share of arguments, shouting and complaining. It turns out that all those conflicts serve an important purpose in the development of children . Saying “no” followed by a bad temper, just may be an unavoidable part of growing up. And that’s a good thing. These are the first steps toward independence. Even young children have to challenge their parents sometimes. Studies have shown the following:
·Although stressful, conflicts are beneficial for children.
·Learning to manage conflicts is necessary for a child’s development.
·Conflicts during the preschool years occur because children desire even more attention than parents can or should give.
If you understand why conflicts occur, it can minimize the conflicts between you and your children. Conflict is a child’s attempt to develop a sense of self and how he or she learns to express his or her needs and ideas. Parents develop and drive this independence by putting children to the outside world both formally and informally.
Conflicts can grow out of a difference of opinion or might just be a way to blow off steam(发脾气) . In rare situations, constant conflicts between parents and children can indicate a deeper emotional problem. Consult your doctor if this seems to be your situation.
It’s important to offer your child choices, which should be determined by age and developmental level. The more responsible a child is, the more choices he or she gets in reward. You can threaten your child with punishment, but often offering a choice will better improve angry situations. Consequences and rewards should have some meaning to your child.
Often a child’s adverse(敌对的)reaction when he or she hears the word “no” can be avoided by giving the child an explanation as to why you have refused his or her request.
60. Why does the author think conflicts are good?
A. It’s a sign that children are trying to be independent.
B. Children can learn to control the bad temper.
C. This can develop a better way of communication.
D. It can improve the relationship between parents and children.
61. A 3-year-old boy challenges his parents angrily, according to studies, because he may          ,
A. feel being ignored by his parents.
B. get tired of being looked after by his parents.
C. want to stay with his parents at any time.
D. be blamed by his parents for his faults.
62. In most cases , the conflicts between parents and their children      .
A. lead to more misunderstandings                       B. don’t hurt feelings
C. are highly valued by parents                                 D. involve visiting doctors
63. What can be concluded from the passage?
A. Children understand what their parents think of clearly.
B. Children enjoy giving their opinions by conflicting with their parents.
C. Most parents would rather punish their children than reward them.
D. Communication can reduce conflicts between parents and children.

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C
Sunny English Club
For students
16:00 – 18:00 Every Saturday
200 Yuan a month
9 Zhou Yu Street
Tel: 3785290
Foreign teachers, English songs and films and more!
63. You will pay _______ if you want to stay in the English club for half a year.
A. 300 yuan     B. 600 yuan     C. 1200 yuan       D. 2400 yuan
64. You can visit Ocean Museum _______ .
A. on Saturday    B. on Wednesday    C. on Monday    D. anytime
65. One can get free examinations in Health Centre if he is _______ .
A. 9             B. 17           C. 67           D. 73
66. If you are interested in the life of fish, you should go to ______ .
A. Health Centre               B. Ocean Museum
C. Sunny English Club         D. 16 Yong Le Street

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