The stereotype(固有观念)of computer scientists as nerds who stay up all night coding

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The stereotype(固有观念)of computer scientists as nerds who stay up all night coding and have no social life may be driving women away from the field, according to a new study published this month. This stereotype can be brought to mind based only on the appearance of the environment in a classroom or an office.
“When people think of computer science the image that immediately pops into many of their minds is about the computer geek(怪人)surrounded by such things as computer games, science fiction and junk food,”said Sapna Cheryan, a University of Washington assistant professor of psychology and the study’s lead author. “That stereotype doesn’t appeal to many women who don’t like the portrait of masculinity(男性化).”
Cheryan set up four experiments involving more than 250 female and male students who were not studying computer science to look at possible reasons why the proportion of women in the field is dropping while the proportion of women in such disciplines as biology, mathematics and chemistry is increasing.
In the first experiment,students entered a small classroom that either contained objects stereotypically associated with computer science such as Star Trek posters, video game boxes and Coke cans, or non-stereotypical items such as nature posters, art, a dictionary and coffee cups. The students were told to ignore these objects because the room was being shared with another class. After spending several moments in the classroom, the students filled out questionnaires(调查问卷)that asked about their attitude toward computer science.
Women exposed to the stereotypical setup expressed less interest in computer science than those who saw the non-stereotypical objects. Men placed in the same situations did not show a similar drop in interest in computer science. Cheryan said this study suggests that a student’s choice of classes or a major can be influenced by the appearance of classrooms, halls and offices.
1. The underlined word “nerds” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to “______”
A. dull persons     B. active persons     C. intelligent persons      D. funny persons
2. Women are less likely to choose computer science because__________.
A. it is too difficult for them
B. they have wrong understanding of it
C. the lifestyle of computer scientists turns them away
D. they don’t like the social life of computer scientists
3. A woman would probably lose interest in computer science when she sees a ______.
A. Star Trek poster     B. nature poster    C. dictionary      D. coffee cup
4. What can influence a woman’s choice of classes, according to the passage?
A. The contents of computer science.
B. The space in the classroom.
C. The number of students in the classroom.
D. The classroom environment.

答案

小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:D

解析

略

举一反三

The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you"ll get your words mixed up (混合) and people will not understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can"t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. Don"t be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It"s better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, because they don"t understand what you are saying. The most important thing for learning English is: "Don"t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes."
1. The writer thinks that the most important thing for you to learn a language is___________.
A. reading      B. writing     C. using     D. listening
2. What should you do in learning English?
A. Try to make some mistakes.              B. Avoid making any mistakes.
C. Remember as many new words as you can. D. Use it as often as you can
3. If people laugh at the mistakes you make, you should ___________.
A. be angry with them                 B. be angry with yourself
C. not care                          D. believe you are right
4. When you make a mistake, you should___________.
A. never make any mistakes again     B. tell others not to make the same mistake
C. punish yourself for making it       D. keep your sense of humor
5. The story tells us:" ___________."
A. It is normal (正常的) that we make some mistakes in learning English
B. Everyone must make mistakes
C. We can avoid making mistakes in learning a language
D. Laughing can help one learn English well

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Junelle Lynch knocked on more than 200 doors in the Gayln Manor neighborhood of Brunswick in recent weeks. Her aim is to collect food for Brunswick Food Bank.
“I like helping people a lot,” said Junelle, who celebrated her 11th birthday in July.
With the support of her parents, Junelle walks along the streets with an orange bag. Her mother follows her by car

, so Junelle can empty her bag when it becomes heavy. Isabella always accompanies(陪伴) her daughter.
Neighbor Lynda Mallory dropped noodles and canned soup, vegetables and fruit into Junelle’s bag. After visiting the last house, Junelle said she felt good about what she had achieved with the help of her neighbors.
Working an hour a night three times per week, she has collected more than 400 pounds of canned and boxed food. This isn’t the first year she has collected food. Junelle started nearly three years ago, at 8 years old, when she saw a collection box at a grocery store and decided to be a volunteer. In her first year, she collected 80 pounds of food in the undeveloped neighborhood, and 214 pounds the next year. The food helped feed many poor families. Her parents couldn’t be prouder of their daughter.
The Brunswick Food Bank volunteer manager Sandy Cox said, “I find her to be an amazing young lady. I don’t think I’ve seen someone that young who cares about the needs of other people so much. I wish other people would follow her.”
1. According to the passage, the Brunswick Food Bank is probably _____ .
A. a bank for people to save and draw money
B. a place to store food and give it out when the market is short
C. an organization to help the poor by collecting food for them
D. an organization which collects food and then sells it
2. Isabella usually helps her daughter by _______.
A. asking the neighbors for food       B. following her and letting her empty the bag
C. offering her food for free           D. putting canned and boxed food in the car
3. What do we know about Junelle’s food collecting?
A. She spends several hours doing it each week.
B. She did it following her parents’ advice.
C. She believes she can collect much more food next year.
D. She did it because she wanted to work for the grocery store.
4. What do we know from the passage?
A. Junelle has collected food for more than three years.
B. Junelle often collects food with her father.
C. Junelle started collecting food when she was 11.
D. In Junelle’s parents’ opinion, she is a very good girl.
5. Why does Sandy Cox wish that other people would follow Junelle?
A. Because Junelle cares about what other people need.
B. Because Junelle has collected more food than other people.
C. Because neighbors are willing to help Junelle.
D. Because the Brunswick Food Bank needs more food.

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三节．阅读理解（40%）
阅读理解下面的短文，然后按要求答题。
I was born in New York, but I grew up in San Francisco. I began to live in London 25 years ago. If I am asked now where I want to live forever, I would say London. But I will always be American.
San Francisco, like London, has many parks. Every day my sisters and I were taken to play in the parks as children. I didn"t go to school. I only had three hours of formal education when I was five. I was sent to school in the morning but came home at noon on the first day. I said I didn"t enjoy it and hadn"t learned anything. My parents thought that school was unsuitable for me. They agreed with me, so I never went back to school.
Then my mother taught me and my two sisters at home, in the way of an English lady who had good education. We learned languages and reading more than sciences and maths. Sometimes she taught us herself, but we also had other teachers. They asked us to take lessons every day. About once a week we walked to Golden Gate Park. While we were walking, my mother taught me to read music. One day I noticed a little toy train in the window of a shop and I remember now how I"d like to have it. I couldn"t say "r" when I was small. My mother said if I could say an "r" well, I would have the toy train. I practiced and practiced. Then one morning I woke everybody up with my "r"s. I got the toy train. I usually get the things I want in life — but I work hard for them.
1 The writer ___ .
A. was born in San Francisco B. likes living in London
C. is living in New York now D. doesn"t like America
2. The writer didn"t go to school in America because ___ .
A. his mother wanted him to go to school in English
B. his parents didn"t think formal education was right for him
C. his mother wanted him to play outdoors in the parks
D. he couldn"t get on well with the other children
3. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The writer was taught by his mother and other teachers.
B. The writer had no education at all.
C. The writer didn"t have lessons every day.
D. The writer walked to the park to learn languages once a week.
4. The writer got the little toy train at last because ___ .
A. his mother gave him the money
B. he tried his best to read music
C. he wanted it very much
D. his mother was pleased with his progress

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完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I used to find notes left in the collection basket of the church, beautiful notes about my homilies (讲道) and about the writer’s thoughts on the daily readings. The 41   attracted me .But it was a long time 42   I met the author of the notes.
One Sunday morning, I was 43   that someone was waiting for me in the office, a young woman who said she 44   all the notes. When I saw her I was 45   , since I had no idea that it was she who wrote the notes. She was sitting in a chair in the office. Her 46   was bowed and when she raised it to look at me, she could hardly 47   without pain. Her face was disfigured (畸形) , so smiling was very 48   for her.
We 49   for a while that Sunday morning and agreed to meet for lunch later that week.
As it 50   , we went to lunch several times, and we shared things about our 51   . We spoke of authors we were both 52   , and it was easy to tell that 53   are a great love of hers.
She suffered from a disfigurement that cannot be made to look 54   . I know that her condition 55   her deeply. Yet there was a beauty to her that had nothing to do with her 56   . She was one to be listened to, whose words came from a wounded 57   loving heart. She possessed a fine tuned sense of beauty. Her only 58   in life was the loss of a friend.
The truth of her life was a desire to see beyond the 59   for a glimpse (瞥) of what it is that matters. She found beauty and grace, 60   befriended her and showed her what is real.
41. A. heading       B. paragraph                C. notes                      D. baskets
42. A. since           B. after                       C. when                    D. before
43. A. told            B. managed                  C. intended                    D. proved
44. A. lost            B. left                         C. dropped                         D. collected
45. A. shocked       B. satisfied                   C. frightened                D. disappointed
46. A. hand           B. arm                       C. head                   D. neck
47. A. cackle         B. smile                            C. speak                   D. bow
48. A. tense     B. unfair                      C. ugly                     D. difficult
49. A. chatted                B. discussed                 C. drank                   D. greeted
50. A. turned up       B. turned out                 C. came out                D. came up
51. A. families       B. beliefs                   C. hobbies                  D. lives
52. A. popular with     B. fond of                   C. familiar to                D. concerned in
53. A. friends          B. churches             C. writings                   D. books
54. A. bold        B. cheerful            C. attractive                       D. generous
55. A. hurt            B. impressed             C. prevented             D. defeated
56. A. fame            B. wealth              C. interest               D. appearance
57. A. and             B. or                  C. but                             D. also
58. A. fear             B. condition             C. focus                     D. anger
59. A. dream           B. surface             C. imagination             D. wisdom
60. A. it               B. they                C. which                   D. that

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The UN passed a rule in the year 2004 to improve the quality of drink water and reduce deaths caused by drinking unhealthy water each year. The UN has already worked out the specific plan to reduce half of the number, that is, five thousand. The UN announced in the world there are about 1/6 of the world population can"t meet the sanitation regulation of drinking water.
The water we drink and use is running short in the world. We all have to learn to stop wasting our quite limited water. One of the steps we should take is to find ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done on this field. Today in most large cities, fresh water is used only once, then it runs into waste system. But it is possible to pipe the used water to a purifying(净化)factory. There it can be filtered(过滤) and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again , just as it were fresh from a spring. But even large cities purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Then we could turn to the oceans. All we would have to do to make use of seawater on earth is to get the salt out of it. This method has already been used in many parts of the world.
47. The way to stop wasting water is to ________ .
A. do experiments with water
B. purify the used water and reuse it
C. use fresh water once again
D. make use of seawater
48. The passage tells us how to reuse the used water. Which is the right order of the process?
a. to have the used water filtered b. to put chemical in it
c. to pipe it to the user
d. to pipe the used water to be purified in a factory.
A. dabc B. bcda C. bdca D. dcba
49. There wouldn"t be enough water for us if we didn"t ________ .
A. turn to the ocean for more water
B. reuse used water and make use of seawater
C. make fresh water from the seawater
D. take steps to reuse all water on earth
50. The word "it" underlined in the last paragraph refers to ________ .
A. the process of collecting salt from the ocean
B. the process of getting rid of the salt in seawater
C. purified water
D. seawater

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