请问英语中从句分为哪些?是怎么划分的?
题目
请问英语中从句分为哪些?是怎么划分的?
答案
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子.在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等).
主语从句用作主语,如::
That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的.
宾语从句用作宾语.如:
Do you know where he lives?
表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往.
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词.如:
The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的.(that从句用于解释说明the fact)
定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词.如:
The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John.
状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学.(时间状语)
If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他.(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句).要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来.
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的.句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易.谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语.如:
I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语.
He likes playing football very mucy.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语.
英语中8种从句介绍
1定语从句
2时间状语从句
3地点状语从句
4条件状语从句
5同位语从句
6表语从句
7宾语从句
8主语从句
名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses).名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,
whose,which.
连接副词:when,where,how,why
不可省略的连词:
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思.但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首
2.引导表语从句
3.whether从句作介词宾语
4.从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语.
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句.That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义.名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气.
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去.
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他.
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安.
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴.
2)That- 从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败.
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事
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