⒈过去发生的而已经结束的动作需要用一般过去式来表示。
⒉表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。
【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
【过去时态结构】是指过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。
一般动词直接加-ed;e.g.look-looked
以e结尾的动词直接加-d,e.g.dance-danced
辅音字母加y结尾的,改y为i加ed,e.g.study-studied
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母加-ed、e.g.skip-skipped
﹝英语26个字母中,除了a,e,i,o,u ‹即aoeiu› 这几个元音字母外,其他都是辅音字母)
动词过去式与原形相同
动词过去式以ought或aught结尾
动词过去式由原形结尾的end变为ent
动词过去式以elt,eft,ept结尾
动词过去式与原形比较,其中一个元音字母发生改变
动词过去式以ew结尾
动词过去式ee变为e
is-was
are-were
am-was
go-went
do,does-did
bring-brought
make-made
have-had
run-ran
tell-told
eat-ate
get-got
draw-drew
put -put
read-read
take- took
die-died
see-saw
fly flew
cut cut
make made
meet met
tell told
build built
lend lent
lose lost
hear heard
buy bought
see saw
choose chose
forget forgot
sink sank
sing sang
begin began
swim swam
ring rang
drink drank
fly flew
draw drew
lie lay
wear wore
know knew
teach-taught
swim-swam
stand-stood
keep-kept
fight-fought
think-thought
规则情态动词:
call- called
live- lived
learn- learned/learnt
walk,talk +ed
jump +ed
use+d
plant,want,water,play +ed
stop- stopped
study- studied
visit- visited
1.原形-过去式-过去分词全相同
cost---cost---cost 价值
cut --- cut --- cut 切,割,砍
hit --- hit --- hit 打
hurt---hurt---hurt 伤害
read---read---read 读
put --- put ---put 放
let --- let --- let 让
shut---shut---shut 关
2. 过去分词与原形相同,过去式改o/u为a
become---became---become 变得,成为
come---came---come 来
run --- ran --- run 跑
3. 原形-过去式-过去分词是i-a-u的变化
begin---began---begun 开始
drink---drank---drunk 喝
ring---rang---rung 打电话
sing---sang---sung 唱(歌)
swim---swam---swum 游泳
4. 过去分词在原形后加-en
eat ---ate---eaten 吃
fall---fell ---fallen 落下;跌倒
5. 过去式和过去分词都去掉原形的一个e
feed---fed ---fed 喂养,饲养
meet---met---met 碰到,见面,会面
6. 过去分词在原形后加-n
blow--- blew--- blown 吹
grow---grew---grown 种植;生长
throw---threw---thrown 投;掷;扔
know---knew---known 知道;懂得;认为
draw --- drew --- drawn 画
fly--- flew---flown飞
see --- saw --- seen 看见,看到
show---showed---shown 出示;给...看
give--- gave ---given 给
drive---drove---driven 驾驶
take---took---taken 拿去;带去
7. 过去分词以en结尾
bite--- bit --- bitten 咬
ride---rode---ridden 骑(车,马等)
write---wrote---written 写
break---broke---broken 弄坏,弄破
choose--chose--chosen 选择
speak---spoke---spoken 讲话;演讲
wake---woke---woken 使...醒来;弄醒
forget---forgot---forgotten 忘记
hide---hid---hidden 躲,藏
8. 过去分词以ne结尾
do --- did --- done 做,干
go --- went --- gone 去
9.过去式与过去分词都有aught结尾
catch---caught ---caught 捉住;抓住
teach---taught---taught 教
10.过去式和过去分词都有ought结尾
bring---brought---brought 拿来;带来
buy ---bought ---bought 买
fight---fought---fought 打架;打仗
think---thought--thought 想;认为
teach---taught--taught 教 vt.教;教导,训练;教授 vi.教书
11. dig ---dug ---dug 挖
get ---got---got 得到;获得
sit --- sat --- sat 坐下
hold---held ---held 举行;握住
shine --- shone --- shone 照耀
say--- said ---said 说
pay---paid---paid 付账;为...付款
make---made---made 制造;制作
tell --- told --- told 告诉
sell---sold---sold 卖
stand --- stood --- stood 站立
understand-understood-understood 明白;理解
find --- found --- found 发现
12. 过去式和过去分词都在原形后加d或t
hear--heard--heard 听见;听说
mean --meant--meant 意思是
13. 过去式和过去分词都以elt,eft或ept结尾
feel --- felt --- felt 感觉
keep --- kept --- kept 保持
sleep---slept---slept 睡觉
leave --- left --- left 离开
14 . have --- had --- had 有
lose --- lost --- lost 丢失;迷失
build---built---built 建造;建设
send --- sent --- sent 寄;送
lend---lent---lent 借
spend --- spent --- spent 花费(时间,金钱)
15. lie --- lay --- lain 躺;位于
wear --- wore --- worn 穿;戴
be ---was, were --- been 是
16. 只有过去式
can --- could 能
may --- might 可能,也许
shall---should 将要
will---would 将要
17. 过去式和过去分词均有两个
burn-burned/burnt-burned/burnt 燃烧
dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt 做梦;梦见
learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt 学会
smell--smelled/smelt--smelled/smelt 闻
spell--spelled/spelt--spelled/spelt 拼写
Be动词的一般过去时
内容在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were
肯定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.
否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.
一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它?
注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。
实义动词的一般过去时态
注:1. did和didn’t是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。
2.实意动词do的一般过去时
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.
肯定句式:主语 + 动词(过去式)+ 其它
否定句式:主语 + didn’t + 动词(原形)+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】
一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?
Idomy homework every day.(用yesterday改写句子)
Ididmy homework yesterday.
I didn’t do my homework yesterday.(否定句)
Didyoudoyour homework yesterday?Yes ,I did. /No, I didn’t.(一般疑问句)
情态动词的一般过去时态
含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。
肯定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + 其它
否定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.
一般疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 其它?
注:情态动词的过去式:can→could , may→might , must→must ,will-would,shall-should。
特殊疑问句式:
特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?
特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?
What was your former name? 你以前叫什么名字?
Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他为什么迟到?
What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么?
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