过去式和过去分词

过去式和过去分词

过去式定义

  ⒈过去发生的而已经结束的动作需要用一般过去式来表示。

  ⒉表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。

  【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。

  【过去时态结构】是指过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。

规则动词

  一般动词直接加-ed;e.g.look-looked

  以e结尾的动词直接加-d,e.g.dance-danced

  辅音字母加y结尾的,改y为i加ed,e.g.study-studied

  以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母加-ed、e.g.skip-skipped

  ﹝英语26个字母中,除了a,e,i,o,u ‹即aoeiu› 这几个元音字母外,其他都是辅音字母)

  动词过去式与原形相同

  动词过去式以ought或aught结尾

  动词过去式由原形结尾的end变为ent

  动词过去式以elt,eft,ept结尾

  动词过去式与原形比较,其中一个元音字母发生改变

  动词过去式以ew结尾

  动词过去式ee变为e

情态动词的过去式

  is-was

  are-were

  am-was

  go-went

  do,does-did

  bring-brought

  make-made

  have-had

  run-ran

  tell-told

  eat-ate

  get-got

  draw-drew

  put -put

  read-read

  take- took

  die-died

  see-saw

  fly flew

  cut cut

  make made

  meet met

  tell told

  build built

  lend lent

  lose lost

  hear heard

  buy bought

  see saw

  choose chose

  forget forgot

  sink sank

  sing sang

  begin began

  swim swam

  ring rang

  drink drank

  fly flew

  draw drew

  lie lay

  wear wore

  know knew

  teach-taught

  swim-swam

  stand-stood

  keep-kept

  fight-fought

  think-thought

  规则情态动词:

  call- called

  live- lived

  learn- learned/learnt

  walk,talk +ed

  jump +ed

  use+d

  plant,want,water,play +ed

  stop- stopped

  study- studied

  visit- visited

动词过去式的其他变化

  1.原形-过去式-过去分词全相同

  cost---cost---cost 价值

  cut --- cut --- cut 切,割,砍

  hit --- hit --- hit 打

  hurt---hurt---hurt 伤害

  read---read---read 读

  put --- put ---put 放

  let --- let --- let 让

  shut---shut---shut 关

  2. 过去分词与原形相同,过去式改o/u为a

  become---became---become 变得,成为

  come---came---come 来

  run --- ran --- run 跑

  3. 原形-过去式-过去分词是i-a-u的变化

  begin---began---begun 开始

  drink---drank---drunk 喝

  ring---rang---rung 打电话

  sing---sang---sung 唱(歌)

  swim---swam---swum 游泳

  4. 过去分词在原形后加-en

  eat ---ate---eaten 吃

  fall---fell ---fallen 落下;跌倒

  5. 过去式和过去分词都去掉原形的一个e

  feed---fed ---fed 喂养,饲养

  meet---met---met 碰到,见面,会面

  6. 过去分词在原形后加-n

  blow--- blew--- blown 吹

  grow---grew---grown 种植;生长

  throw---threw---thrown 投;掷;扔

  know---knew---known 知道;懂得;认为

  draw --- drew --- drawn 画

  fly--- flew---flown飞

  see --- saw --- seen 看见,看到

  show---showed---shown 出示;给...看

  give--- gave ---given 给

  drive---drove---driven 驾驶

  take---took---taken 拿去;带去

  7. 过去分词以en结尾

  bite--- bit --- bitten 咬

  ride---rode---ridden 骑(车,马等)

  write---wrote---written 写

  break---broke---broken 弄坏,弄破

  choose--chose--chosen 选择

  speak---spoke---spoken 讲话;演讲

  wake---woke---woken 使...醒来;弄醒

  forget---forgot---forgotten 忘记

  hide---hid---hidden 躲,藏

  8. 过去分词以ne结尾

  do --- did --- done 做,干

  go --- went --- gone 去

  9.过去式与过去分词都有aught结尾

  catch---caught ---caught 捉住;抓住

  teach---taught---taught 教

  10.过去式和过去分词都有ought结尾

  bring---brought---brought 拿来;带来

  buy ---bought ---bought 买

  fight---fought---fought 打架;打仗

  think---thought--thought 想;认为

  teach---taught--taught 教 vt.教;教导,训练;教授 vi.教书

  11. dig ---dug ---dug 挖

  get ---got---got 得到;获得

  sit --- sat --- sat 坐下

  hold---held ---held 举行;握住

  shine --- shone --- shone 照耀

  say--- said ---said 说

  pay---paid---paid 付账;为...付款

  make---made---made 制造;制作

  tell --- told --- told 告诉

  sell---sold---sold 卖

  stand --- stood --- stood 站立

  understand-understood-understood 明白;理解

  find --- found --- found 发现

  12. 过去式和过去分词都在原形后加d或t

  hear--heard--heard 听见;听说

  mean --meant--meant 意思是

  13. 过去式和过去分词都以elt,eft或ept结尾

  feel --- felt --- felt 感觉

  keep --- kept --- kept 保持

  sleep---slept---slept 睡觉

  leave --- left --- left 离开

  14 . have --- had --- had 有

  lose --- lost --- lost 丢失;迷失

  build---built---built 建造;建设

  send --- sent --- sent 寄;送

  lend---lent---lent 借

  spend --- spent --- spent 花费(时间,金钱)

  15. lie --- lay --- lain 躺;位于

  wear --- wore --- worn 穿;戴

  be ---was, were --- been 是

  16. 只有过去式

  can --- could 能

  may --- might 可能,也许

  shall---should 将要

  will---would 将要

  17. 过去式和过去分词均有两个

  burn-burned/burnt-burned/burnt 燃烧

  dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt 做梦;梦见

  learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt 学会

  smell--smelled/smelt--smelled/smelt 闻

  spell--spelled/spelt--spelled/spelt 拼写

  Be动词的一般过去时

  内容在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were

  肯定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.

  否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.

  一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它?

  注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。

  实义动词的一般过去时态

  注:1. did和didn’t是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。

  2.实意动词do的一般过去时

  肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

  肯定句式:主语 + 动词(过去式)+ 其它

  否定句式:主语 + didn’t + 动词(原形)+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】

  一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?

  Idomy homework every day.(用yesterday改写句子)

  Ididmy homework yesterday.

  I didn’t do my homework yesterday.(否定句)

  Didyoudoyour homework yesterday?Yes ,I did. /No, I didn’t.(一般疑问句)

  情态动词的一般过去时态

  含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。

  肯定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + 其它

  否定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.

  一般疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 其它?

  注:情态动词的过去式:can→could , may→might , must→must ,will-would,shall-should。

特殊疑问句句式

  特殊疑问句式:

  特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?

  特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?

  特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?

  What was your former name? 你以前叫什么名字?

  Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他为什么迟到?

  What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么?

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