In 1926, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was n
题型：不详难度：来源：
In 1926, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo. The next important date in the history of photography was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype(银版照相). Soon other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains. In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the US worked so hard. Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的). Photography also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed feelings, like other kinds of art.
小题1:The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of _______.| A．his business | B．his house | C．his garden | D．his window |
小题2:The Daguerreotype was _______.| A．a Frenchman | B．a kind of picture | | C．a kind of camera | D．a photographer |
小题3:If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840s, he had to ________.| A．watch lots of films | | B．buy an expensive camera | | C．stop in most cities | | D．take many films and something else with him |
小题4:Mathew Brady________.| A．was very lifelike | B．was famous for his unusual pictures | | C．was quite strong | D．took many pictures of moving people |
小题5:This passage tells us ________.| A．how photography was developed | | B．how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures | | C．how to take pictures in the world | | D．how to use different cameras |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:A |
解析
试题分析：这篇短文为我们介绍了摄像技术是如何发展的。从1926年，Niepce发明了简单的照相机，拍摄了第一张照片，到后来的银版照相，再到大约1840年，人们开始给移动的物体照相，再到19世纪末期，摄像成为了一种艺术。
小题1:细节理解题。根据短文中So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.可知，Niepce 发明了一个简单的照相机，他把它放在他家的窗户里，给他的花园拍了一张照片。故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据短文中in 1837， Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. In his picture you could see everything clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype可知，银版照相是一张照片。故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据短文中The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines.可知，在大约1840年的时候，如果摄像师想要给移动的东西拍照，他们必须得带着很多的胶卷，还有其他的一些机器。故选D。
小题4:细节理解题。根据短文中Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike可知，Mathew Brady是美国的一个著名的摄像师，他拍了很多名人的照片，这些照片都很不寻常，因为他们栩栩如生。故选B。
小题5:主旨大意题。这篇短文为我们介绍了摄像技术是如何发展的。从1926年，Niepce发明了简单的照相机，到银版照相，再到大约1840年，人们开始给移动的物体照相，再到19世纪末期，摄像成为了一种艺术。故选A。 |
举一反三
“Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell.”
This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unknown person who lived in Rome in AD（公元） 53 wrote it.
We all love new inventions. They are exciting, amazing and can even change our lives. But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?
Picture this. You’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How happy do you feel?
Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave up feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity（电） often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they live simpler lives.
One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10 and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave（微波炉）, computer or mobile phones.
The grandmother, Lyn, said, “The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes.” The boys said they fought less. Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer. Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a “trendy（赶时髦的）, beer-drinking granny”, to one who cooked things.
小题1:The writer uses the quote（引号） at the beginning of the story to ________.| A．tell us a truth about our lives | | B．tell us what life was like long time ago | | C．point out what causes such a thing to happen | | D．point out some problems we will meet in the life |
小题2:In the passage the writer describes a picture to show that new inventions _______.| A．have speeded up our lives | B．have improved the quality of our lives | | C．may make people feel very happy | D．may bring people some trouble |
小题3:The family chose to spend some time in a 1940s house because _______.| A．they loved to live simple lives | | B．they wanted to know how people lived without modern inventions | | C．they were troubled by modern inventions | | D．living in a different time would be a lot of fun for them |
小题4:According to the passage, which id NOT right?| A．People who live far away from noisy cities often seem to be happier. | | B．An unknown Roman was sure that the quality of life would get better. | | C．The family had some changes when they lived in a 1940s house. | | D．With the improvement of our lives, we often feel stressed and tired. |
小题5:The passage is mainly about ________.| A．problems with technology | | B．improvements of our lives with technology | | C．changes happening to technology | | D．the importance of technology |
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阅读短文，根据意思，从各题所给的A、B和C三个选项中选出最佳答案。并在答题卡上将该编号字母涂黑。
Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs. They say that in a film or on TV .We may see elephants, or monkeys, dogs, bears, or other animals doing a lot of things. If you watch carefully, you may find that those animals are always given something to eat in return(作为回报) for doing them. The scientists say that many different animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get something to eat in return.
Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and elephants can be used to do some heavy jobs. And we can also teach animals to work in factories. Apes(猿猴), for example, have been used in America to help make cars and scientists believe that these large monkeys may one day get in crops(收割庄稼) and even drive trains.
小题1:Elephant scan be used to do some heavy jobs because ____.
A. they can eat a lot B. they are very heavy, too C. they are very strong
小题2:Dogs can be used to guard a house for his host because ____.
A. they are good at running
B. they are very kind and friendly to people
C. they are brave enough to get the strangers(陌生人)and thieves away from the house
小题3:Many different animals may be taught to do some simple jobs if ____.
A. they have enough food to eat
B. if they are sent to school
C. they learn they will get something to eat in return after doing them
小题4:____ can be trained to work for us.
A. Only a few animals B. A lot of animals C. Few animals
小题5:Many scientists are working hard to ____.
A. make monkeys get in crops and drive trains
B. make monkeys guard houses like dogs
C. make bears get in crops |
Life’s a long, long journey(旅程)” so we are told, and most of us would not set off on a journey, even a short one, without some idea of where we wanted to go. Yet many people travel on life’s journey with no sense of direction at all.
Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction. Goal setting is used by top sports players, successful business people and achievers in all fields. Before you set personal goals, think about what you want to achieve with your life.
Try to set goals in some of the following categories (类别).
Education—Will you achieve the educational goals after finishing high-school? Are you still growing and learning
Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members?
Creative—Do you want to achieve any artistic goals?
| Career— What job do you want to take when you grow up? What do you need to make your dream come true?
Public Service—Do you want to make the world a better place?
Physical—Are you fit enough to do the things you want to do?
Pleasure—How do you want to enjoy yourself?
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To help make the process (过程) more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks. For example, if you want to reach a main goal in five years, set a three-year goal, a one-year goal, a three-month goal and a one-month goal. Then create a daily To-Do List of things that you should do today. When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.
Remember, your goals can change as time goes on. But be sure your goals are things you hope to achieve, not what your parents, family or teachers want.
小题1:According to the passage, we set goals to ________.| A．have better future | | B．enjoy pleasure in life | | C．know where to have a journey | | D．give our life a sense of direction |
小题2:What should you consider when you set a family goal?
A. The education you want to get
B. The job to support your family.
C. The relationship with family members.
D The time you’ll spend reaching your goal
小题3:What’s the best advice to achieve the main goal?| A．building the self-confidence. | | B．creating a daily To-Do list of things. | | C．dividing your goals into smaller tasks | | D．setting the time to achieve the main goal |
小题4:From the passage, we can learn that ________. | A．Once you set your goals, they can’t change. | | B．Not all the people can get success by setting goals. | | C．Enjoying success in one goal can help you do better in the next one. | | D．Your goals are the things you and your parents, families or teachers want. |
小题5:The best title for the passage is _________.| A．A long journey | | B．Goal setting for life | | C．The direction of life | | D．Ways to achieve goals |
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When US student Olivia Priedeman, 17, woke up one morning, she thought she had had a dream about making plans with a friend.
But it wasn’t a dream. Her phone showed that during the night, Priedeman had read a text message from her friend. She did it while she was fast asleep.
Reading and sending text messages while asleep—called “sleep texting”—is an unusual sleep behaviour, similar to sleepwalking. It’s also a growing concern(关心的事) among doctors: young people can’t live without their cell phones.
One in three teenagers sends more than 100 text messages a day, according to the Pew Internet & American Life Project. And at least four out of five teenagers said they sleep with their phone on or near their bed.
Elizabeth Dowdell, a professor at Villanova University in Pennsylvania, has studied sleeping texting. She said that having a phone nearby all night is a big part of the problem.
Andrew Stiehm, a sleep medicine expert with Allina Health in Minnesota, agrees. It’s possible for the part of the brain that controls motor skills (动作技能) to wake up, while the part of the brain that controls memory and judgment(判断) may be still asleep. That’s why some people can perform basic movements ---such as walking, talking, texting or even driving—while they’re sleeping. Some of Dowdell’s students said that they’re disturbed by their nighttime texting behavior. But because sleep texting is unconscious, it’s a difficult habit to break. Dowdell said she knows of some students who wear socks on their hands to keep themselves from texting.
Marjorie Hogan, a doctor at Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, suggests keeping all electronic devices(电子设备) outside the bedroom at certain times.
小题1:What happened to Olivia Priedeman?| A．She sleepwalked to a friend’s house. | | B．She dreamed of making plans with a friend. | | C．She phoned one of her friends during the night. | | D．She read a text message from her friend while asleep. |
小题2:Which part the brain controls keeps awake while asleep?| A．judgment | B．language | C．memory | D．motor skills |
小题3:What does the underlined word “unconscious” mean?小题4:What does doctor Hogan suggest people who sleep text do?| A．Stop text during the daytime. | | B．Take some medicine to control the behaviour. | | C．Keep their phones out of their bedrooms while they sleep. | | D．Wear socks on their hands to stop themselves from texting. |
小题5:We can learn from the passage that ________. | A．It’s easy to give up a sleep texting habit. | | B．One in three teenagers has a sleep texting habit. | | C．Sleep texting can reduce the quality of one’s sleep. | | D．Sleep texting does more harm to one’s health than sleepwalking. |
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Everywhere we look, there is colour. We see it in the sky and in the sea. There are colours in all plants and animals. Colour makes our homes and schools pretty. We see it in pictures and in books. We even see colour in our food. It makes things look good.
How can we see colour? We see colour when light hits(射入)our eyes. Dogs and many other animals can’t see colours. But bees(蜜蜂) can. They even see colours we don’t see. This helps them find flowers to fly to.
We sometimes use the names of colours to say things. People may say that they “see red” when they are angry(生气). Or you may say you “feel blue”. This means you are sad. We use colour to tell things., too. Red is the colour of stop signs. It means to stop. Green means to go.
Animals come in all kinds of colours. Many of these are very pretty. An animal’s colour may say “here I am”., “stay away” or “be careful” or it may help the animal hide(隐藏). Some animals can make their colours look like the trees around them, then other animals or people can not find them.
小题1:The best title(题目) of the article is _______.| A．Sky | B．Sea | C．Animal | D．Colours |
小题2:The first paragraph(段落) tells about ________.| A．many kinds of colours | B．the function(作用) of colour | | C．the colour of the sea | D．the colour of the sky |
小题3:_______ can’t see colours in the sky.| A．A little boy | B．A bee | C．An old man | D．A dog |
小题4:Which is right?| A．Everything has colour. | | B．All animals’ colours may help them hide. | | C．Bees can see colours we don’t see. | | D．When you see green at the crossing, you must stop. |
小题5:Which is wrong?| A．We see colour when light hits our eyes. | | B．We sometimes use the names of colours to say things. | | C．We see colours in pictures and in books. | | D．We can’t see colour in our food. |
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