Winter is dangerous because it’s so difficult to know what is going to happen an
题型：不详难度：来源：
Rule Number One for driving on icy roads is to drive smoothly(平稳地). Sudden movements can make a car very difficult to control. So every time you either start or stop your car, increase or reduce your speed, you must be as gentle and slow as possible. Suppose you are driving with a full cup of hot coffee on the seat next to you. Drive so that you wouldn’t spill(溅) it.
Rule Number Two is to pay attention to what might happen. The more ice there is, the further down the road you have to look. Test how long it takes to gently stop your car. Remember that you may be driving more quickly than you think. Generally, allow twice of your usual stopping distance when the road is wet, three times this distance on snow, and even more on ice. Try to stay in control of your car at all times and you will not get into trouble.
小题1:The writer tries to in this passage.
| A．show his dislikes about bad winter weather |
| B．give information about winter weather |
| C．ask people not to drive in winter |
| D．advise people about safe driving in winter |
| A．people should not drive in the snow |
| B．drivers should think more about problems in winter driving |
| C．people drive too fast in winter |
| D．winter drivers should stop their cars less |
| A．to show how important smooth movements are |
| B．to ask the drivers to bring some soft drinks with them |
| C．to tell the drivers to be more relaxed |
| D．to show how it can be spilled |
| A．Traffic accidents take place easily in winter. |
| B．Fog and melting snow often cause car accidents. |
| C．The stopping distance on ice is as long as the usual one. |
| D．In winter you should drive your car with great care. |
A. B.
C. D.
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:B
解析
试题分析：这篇短文重点讲述了平稳驾驶的重要性和在冰雪道路上的注意问题。
小题1:根据短文描述，可知作者主要是想告诉人们在冬天要注意驾驶安全，故选D。
小题2:根据第一段Winter is dangerous because it’s so difficult to know what is going to happen and accidents take place so easily. 及下文描述，可知选B，司机在冬天驾驶时应该想到更多问题。
小题3:结合本段内容，可知这样做主要是说明平稳驾驶的重要性。故选A。
小题4:根据最后一段three times this distance on snow, and even more on ice. 描述，可知在冰上的停车距离要远远大于通常的停车距离。故选项C描述错误。
小题5:这篇短文重点讲述了平稳驾驶的重要性和在冰雪道路上的注意问题。故选B，小心驾驶，前面道路结冰。
点评：对于文章中的细节题，要注意文章中的细节的理解。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
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Man has invented four kinds of satellites. The first kind of satellite studies the__1__of the earth. They are used to make maps. They also help countries to see where they may__2___ oil or gold. The second kind of satellite is used to guide ships and planes. A ship or a plane can _3__a message to the satellite, and the satellite can find out __4___ the ship or the plane is.
The third kind studies the weather. These satellites_5__ the cloud and strong winds moving across the earth. They warn countries to make preparations when _6__ weather is coming.
___7__kind is used for communication. Telephone calls__8_countries can be sent by these satellites. Some can carry hundreds of calls at the same time. The call is sent to the satellites, then the __9__sends it to the station in the country and the country is being phoned. These satellites also carry pictures, they can receive and send __10__at a time, which we can watch on TV.
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Food waste has become a big problem in China.
Zhou Jinsong, a canteen(食堂) manager at Central South University, said that students produce over 12 barrels(桶) of leftovers every day — each barrel stands at one meter in height. Zhou’s canteen is just one of several on the campus.
According to Xinhua News Agency, the food wasted by Chinese people equates to about 50 million tons of grain every year, or 10 percent of the country’s total annual grain production. This food could feed another 200 million people. What students waste every year could feed over 10 million people. Students nowadays are well protected by their families and hardly know how hard farmers work to provide them with the food they eat.
“Since the 1980s, when Chinese gradually became richer, food waste has been a subject of debate. But things have hardly changed over the years,” said Yu Changjiang, a sociologist at Peking University. “It’s the Chinese way of showing respect to friends, often referred as Mianzi.”
But rather than tradition, huge public spending on government banquets(宴会) is also causing food waste, said Zhou Xiaozheng from the sociology department at Renmin University of China. “It’s the result of widespread reception meals at government levels. It is also important that everyone thinks about how they can do their best to reduce food waste.”
小题1:Which of the following statements is not the reasons for food waste?
| A．Students hardly know farmers’ hard work on the farm. |
| B．The government spends a large amount of money on government banquets. |
| C．Leaving some food after a banquet is the Chinese way to show respect to guests. |
| D．The food in the college canteen is not delicious. |
| A．In a newspaper. | B．In a traffic report. |
| C．On a health website. | D．In a story book. |
If you are indoors, do “duck, cover and hold”. Duck or drop down to the floor, under something strong, such as a table or a desk, cover your head and face with your arms and hands and hold on to that table or desk so that it does not move away from you as the ground shakes. Do this until the shaking stops and it is safe to move. Stay inside to avoid being injured by falling glass or building parts. If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch(蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building.
Stay clear of windows, fireplaces, and heavy furniture that may fall over. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.
If you are outside, get into the open and stay there. Move away from trees, buildings, signs and power lines. Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits and alongside exterior walls. Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Most earthquake-related casualties（伤亡） result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects.
If you are driving, you may not realize what is going on at first because the car may feel like it is going to blow up. Stop the car in as clear and open an area as possible and stay in it until the shaking stops. If it is a really bad quake, turn on the radio to find an emergency channel to get information. Follow the directions of people directing traffic.
If you are in a mountainous area, watch out for falling rock and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake.
If you are at the beach, move quickly to higher ground or several hundred yards inland.
小题1:Which of the following pictures means “duck, cover and hold”?
小题2:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
| A．Ground movement during an earthquake is the main reason of death. |
| B．You should keep your windows, fireplaces and heavy furniture clear. |
| C．Stop your car in the clear area and get out of it if an earthquake happens. |
| D．Run away from the beach as quickly as possible if an earthquake happens. |
| A．ways of keeping you safe |
| B．the importance of keeping safe |
| C．ways of finding safe places |
| D．researches on how to keep safe |
Tony Buzan’s grades were going down at university. Disappointed with his low marks, he went to the library to find a book on how to use his brain. He was directed to the medical section. Confused, he said to the librarian, “I don’t want to take my brain out, I just want to learn how to use it.” Her reply was simple: “There’s no book on that.”
“I thought to myself,” says Buzan, “if I buy a little radio, I get an instruction manual (说明书). If I buy a microwave, I get an instruction manual. But for the most important machine in the world, no instruction manual?”
Fifty years later, Buzan has become the world’s leading speaker on the brain and learning. In the late 1960s, he invented the mind map, a visual representation of thought processes.
This kind of thinking has become a popular tool for planning, organizing, problem solving, and communicating across the world. He has since authored and co-authored over 100 books that have appeared in more than 30 languages.
“I think in most cases, people use less than 1 percent of their brains,” he says.
But how do you expand this 1 percent? How do you become the best student you can be?
According to Buzan, the answer is simple. You take a section of whatever it is that you are trying to learn, he says, and you read it for its essence (精髓、要素). Then you make a mind map of all the important details. For a truly effective mind map, you start with a colored image in the center of your page. Draw the first image that comes to mind on the topic you are mind mapping. Branch off from your central image and create one of your main ideas. From your main branches draw some sub-branches and from those sub-branches you can draw even more branches. He emphasizes that you should use plenty of images and colors as these help with memory recall and encourage creativity.
By using this visual format (形式), according to Buzan, your mind will begin to make associations that will help you remember more information for longer periods of time.
Buzan believes that traditional note-taking methods, such as lists and summaries, do not stimulate the brain’s recall capacity or ability in the same way. Because of this, students will often find themselves locked away in their rooms for hours, trying hard to memorize separate details. Buzan believes that for a more effective and lasting way of studying, you must first understand how your brain works.
“Everyone is born smart,” he says. “You just have to learn how to learn.”
小题1:What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs?
| A．To show that Tony Buzan was worried about his study. |
| B．To invite us to think about the importance of manuals. |
| C．To prove that the mind map is a useful tool for the brain. |
| D．To show why Tony Buzan studies the brain and learning. |
| A．Excite. | B．Improve. | C．Encourage. | D．Affect. |
| A．If we learn the mind map, we will become the best student. |
| B．The mind map will help your brain connect separate details. |
| C．The mind map will be more effective if we put more details in it. |
| D．We will solve the problem if we make connections between ideas. |
| A．How to make the mind map? |
| B．Is the mind map widely used? |
| C．Can your memory be mapped? |
| D．Is the mind map helpful in thinking? |
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