500 years ago in Britain, the burning of coal (煤) was increasing in cities like
题型：不详难度：来源：
500 years ago in Britain, the burning of coal (煤) was increasing in cities like London. Coal was used in factories and also used to heat homes. Coal, when burnt makes a lot of smoke, which makes the air very dirty.
About 200 years ago, the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) began in Britain. Factories were built, and even more coal was burnt. Air pollution was becoming a really big problem.
Smoke and fog together make smog (烟雾). Smog was a big problem in London"s winter. Because of the cold weather, more coal was burnt to warm houses and this made more smoke.
When smog stayed over a city, it became really hard to breathe and see clearly. In 1952, the Great London Smog happened and more than 4,000 people died because of the smog.
New laws (法律) were made in 1956 and 1968 to stop such sad things from happening again. These laws were called the Clean Air Acts.
These laws were made so that air would become cleaner. The laws encouraged people to use less coal or switch to other fuels such as gas. Factories started using tall chimneys (烟囱) so that the smoke would go high up in the sky and no longer cover cities, and new factories were built in the countryside. Smog appeared less often and the air became cleaner.
小题1:From the passage, we learn that smog was a big problem in ______ in London.| A．spring | B．summer | C．autumn | D．winter |
小题2:The underlined words "switch to" mean "______" in Chinese.小题3:Which was NOT a way people in Britain used to make the air cleaner, according to the passage?| A．Factories built higher chimneys. | | B．People began to use less coal. | | C．More People began to ride bikes. | | D．New factories were built outside cities. |
小题4:Which is the best title for the passage?| A．Air Pollution in Britain in the Past. | | B．How to Make the Air Cleaner. | | C．Smog Is Bad for the Environment. | | D．New Laws to Stop Air Pollution. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:D |
解析
试题分析：500年以前，英国的环境污染由煤炭引起，200年以前，由于工业革命，英国的空气污染已经成了非常严重的社会问题，现在国家采取的对策以减少或杜绝对环境的污染。
小题1:细节理解题，根据文中语句“Smog was a big problem in London"s winter.”理解可知。在英国，空气污染在冬天最严重，故选D。
小题2:词义理解推断题，根据文中语句“The laws encouraged people to use less coal or switch to other fuels such as gas.”理解可知。Switch是换用之意，故选B。
小题3:细节理解题，根据文中语句“Factories started using tall chimneys (烟囱) so that the smoke would go high up in the sky and no longer cover cities, and new factories were built in the countryside.”理解可知。选择C，没有涉及到，人们骑自行车。
小题4:标题归纳题，通读全文中语句理解可知。在英国新的法律已出台，来阻止空气污染，故选D。
点评：阅读短文时，可以先通读全文，了解文章大意，并对于其中的词汇根据句意进行猜测；然后，带着问题，在文中找答案，应该注意同义句型的不同表述方式。 |
举一反三
Last summer, Mark became a middle school student. He took an English test in the first month. Mark was a good student and he worked hard. He finished the questions easily until he read the last one: “Everyone sees our school’s cleaner every day. What’s her first name?” Of course, this question is a little special. Mark saw the woman some times. She was tall and her hair was dark. But Mark didn’t talk with her and didn’t know her first name. The test was over. Then one student asked the teacher, “Is the last question very important in this test?” “Yes,” said the teacher. “In our life, we meet many hard-working people. They are important. You should care about them. You should smile at them or say ‘hello’ to them.” Mark never forgot that question. He also learned that woman’s first name. It was Kathy.
小题1:What test did Mark have in his first month in the middle school?| A．Math. | B．Physics. | C．English. | D．Chinese. |
小题2: What did Mark know about his school’s cleaner?| A．She was a little special. | | B．She was tall with dark hair. | | C．She often talked with the students. | | D．Mark knew her first name. |
小题3:What did Mark’s teacher think of the last question?| A．It was fun. | B．It was interesting. | | C．It was boring. | D．It was important. |
小题4:What does the sentence “You should smile at them or say ‘hello’ to them.” mean?| A．我们应该尊重辛勤劳作的人。 | | B．我们应该信任辛勤劳作的人。 | | C．我们应该帮助辛勤劳作的人。 | | D．我们应该向辛勤劳作的人学习。 |
小题5:What’s the title（标题）of the passage?| A．A Special Question | | B．A Hard-working Cleaner | | C．A Good Teacher | | D．A Clever Student |
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You may feel interested in students in other countries. Do they have so much homework? What do they do in their free time? People did a survey in China, Japan, South Korea and the US last year. This is the result.
Who studies the hardest?
Chinese students spend the most time in studying. About half of Chinese students spend more than two hours on their homework every day.
Who sleeps most often in class?
Japanese students fall asleep（睡着）in class more often. About 45% of them sometimes doze off in class. It’s 32% in South Korea, 21% in the US and 5% in China.
Who is the most distracted（分心的）?
American students are the most active in class, but also the most distracted. 64.2% of them chat with friends in class. 46.9% of them eat something in class, and 38.9 % of them send e-mails or read other books in class.
What do they do after school?
In their free time, most Chinese students study or surf the Internet. Most American students hang out with their friends. Most Japanese students do exercise. Most South Korean students watch TV.
小题1:About ____ of Chinese students spend more than 2 hours doing their homework every day.小题2: According to the survey, ____ students sleep in class most often.| A．Chinese | B．Japanese | C．American | D．South Korea |
小题3: The underlined phrase “doze off” means ____ in Chinese.小题4: Most American students ____ in class.| A．chat with friends | B．play games | | C．eat something | D．send e-mails |
小题5: Which of the following sentence in the passage is TRUE?| A．All Chinese students do their homework every day. | | B．Some American students send e-mails in class. | | C．No Japanese students do exercise. | | D．Most American students chat with friends in their free time. |
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It is April 10. It is Tuesday. Cindy gets up at 6:30 in the morning. She is in her blue skirt. She really likes that skirt. Then she goes into the kitchen. She loves eggs and apples in the morning.
Cindy’s mother is a teacher at her school. Cindy is in the second grade (年级), and her mother teaches the fourth grade. Cindy is excited (兴奋) about going to school today because her class has a test (测试). Cindy loves school and she likes to get good grades (成绩). Cindy eats her breakfast and then she and her mother go to school. Cindy goes to her classroom and her history teacher, Ms. Brown is there. It is fun to be in Ms. Brown’s class. She is a great teacher. Now Cindy’s classmates are all in the classroom, and they start the test. Cindy remembers (记得) everything, so she can do everything right. After the test, Cindy and her classmates play for a long time. Then they eat lunch. After lunch, they watch a funny movie (电影). Then they draw pictures. It is really a great day!
小题1: What grade is Cindy in?| A．Grade One. | B．Grade Two. | | C．Grade Three. | D．Grade Four. |
小题2:What does Cindy like to eat for breakfast?| A．Eggs and apples. | B．Milk and bananas. | | C．Eggs and carrots. | D．Chicken and apples. |
小题3: －Why is Cindy excited about going to school today? －Because they have ____.| A．a trip | B．a party | C．a movie | D．a test |
小题4:What do the children do after the test?| A．They swim. | B．They draw pictures. | | C．They play. | D．They watch a movie. |
小题5:Which (哪个) is right according to the passage (根据短文)?| A．Cindy likes the blue shirt. | | B．Cindy is a good student. | | C．Cindy’s mother is a teacher of history. | | D．It’s really boring that day. |
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Mrs Elise was my teacher in the fourth grade. One day at lunch time, I was getting ready to eat my tuna fish (金枪鱼) sandwich and suddenly Mrs Elise asked me if she could buy my sandwich from me. She explained that I could use the money to buy a hot hunch from the cafeteria (食堂).
I was excited. I never bought my lunch at the cafeteria. It was too expensive for my family, and I always carried my lunch and took the bag back home to use it again the next day. So you could understand my happiness when I had the chance to buy a hot lunch.
When we finished lunch that day, Mrs Elise took me aside and said she wanted to explain why she had bought my sandwich. I really didn’t care why, but it gave me a few minutes of her special attention, so I was quiet as she explained. She told me that she was a Catholic(天主教徒) and Catholics didn’t eat red meat on Fridays, they ate fish on Fridays.
Oh, I couldn’t wait to get home and tell my mother that from then on I wanted a tuna fish sandwich on Fridays. After my mother understood why, she gladly made tuna fish sandwiches for me on Fridays. She even made it with brown bread because she knew Mrs Elise liked brown bread. From then on, every Friday I could get in line with other kids for a hot lunch. I didn’t care how many of the kids complained about cafeteria food. It tasted divine to me!
I realize now that Mrs Elise could have made herself tuna fish sandwiches on Fridays. But she bought mine because she saw a little girl who was excited at the simple act of having a hot lunch.
I will never forget Mrs Elise for her pity for me and generosity (慷慨) and what I should do is to follow her example.
小题1: From this passage we know_______.| A．Mrs Elise was the best friend of the writer | | B．the writer came from a poor family | | C．many or the writer’s classmates liked cafeteria food | | D．the writer like to eat tuna fish sandwiches on Fridays |
小题2: Mrs Elise bought the writer’s sandwiches because_______.| A．she was tired of cafeteria food | | B．she hated getting in line with kids | | C．she liked the tuna fish sand writer’s made by the writer’s mother | | D．she wanted to show care to the writer |
小题3: The underlined word“divine”means“_____”.| A．perfect | B．sweet | C．unpleasant | D．bad |
小题4: Which of the following can we learn from this passage?| A．It is hard to please all. | | B．Better to give than to receive. | | C．Love makes the world go around. | | D．The more you offer, the more you get. |
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完形填空 (共15小题；每小题l分，计15分)
Everybody wants a new start for a new school year. So, students often go back-to-school shopping. They buy___1___and shoes. But, the story is not so easy.
"Mum, I want this pair of shoes!"
"Dear! Those are 900 yuan! That is too __2___ !"
"But all the boys in my class wear this brand (牌子)!"
So the real story is: Kids___3____to catch up with school fashion.
Chinese students __4___ uniforms at school. Parents think all the kids look the same, but _5___ know the differences. The "rich" kids wear amazing watches, ride good __6___ and use cool pencil cases. They show off their expensive things to __7__ kids. Then everyone else wants them too. For example, some "rich" kids use a pencil box that __8___1,000 yuan! It not only holds pencils, but also has a thermometer (温度计), a compass (指南针), a music box and even games in it! But think about it. Do you really need ____9___ a special pencil box? What can you do with a compass ___10____a thermometer in class? They only distract (分散注意) you.
As for these "rich" kids, they are not rich at all. __11___ parents buy them all their cool things. They may have an advantage（优势）now, ____12___ it won"t last forever. If you want to show off ___13___ money you have, you have to make it yourself first. So, study hard. You will get a great job in the future.
Parents should also learn __14____to refuse (拒绝) their kids" demands (要求). They should __15__their kids: as students, what is really important is not school fashion but good school grades.
| 小题1: | | A．pictures | B．school things | | C．computer games | D．food and drinks |
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| 小题2: | | A．expensive | B．cheap | C．ugly | D．nice |
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| 小题3: | | A．hate | B．give up | C．want | D．get |
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| 小题4: | | A．put on | B．take off | C．buy | D．wear |
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| 小题5: | | A．kids | B．fathers | C．mothers | D．people |
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| 小题6: | | A．cars | B．bicycles | C．MP3 | D．CDs |
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| 小题7: | | A．another | B．the others | C．others | D．other |
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| 小题8: | | A．pays | B．costs | C．spends | D．buys |
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| 小题13: | | A．how many | B．how much | C．how long | D．how often |
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