Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete th
题型：不详难度：来源：
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.
This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.
Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents" daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (白治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)
小题1:"This pattern of age segregation" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from
小题2:Besides changes in the workplace, are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.
小题3:When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?
小题4:How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups? |
答案
小题1:younger children and adults
小题2:school reform efforts and the changes in population
小题3:In early adolescence
小题4:They have less close supervision of parents. /They manage to escape adult supervision./They are increasingly autonomous |
解析
小题1:根据Changes in the workplace separated children from adults 和which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children 可推断应填younger children and adults。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
小题2:根据School reform efforts during the nineteenth century 和the changes in population are considered a factor可推断应填 school reform efforts and the changes in population。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
小题3:根据This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence 可推断应填In early adolescence。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力
小题4:根据adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision 可推断应填They have less close supervision of parents. /They manage to escape adult supervision./They are increasingly autonomous。
【考点定位】考查阅读理解能力及书面表达能力 |
举一反三
There is an old saying about volunteer work that goes like this: "No one can do everything, but everyone can do something."
Today, many people volunteer their time and energy to help others. There are a lot of ways to meet other people"s needs, and it seems there is a volunteer group for everything. Some provide education, while others offer adventure. Many do both. For example, some volunteers provide emergency help after a catastrophic event or disaster. Others are happy to get dirty while repairing homes or planting trees or flowers in poor neighborhoods. Young people see suffering and loneliness around them and find ways to help. And history lovers help archeologists search for ancient objects to help deepen knowledge of the past.
The volunteers also work in many areas around the world, including Haiti. More than two years have passed since a seven point zero earthquake shook the nation. The exact number of people who died may never be known. Estimates gave numbers from ninety five thousand to more than three hundred thousand.
Thousands of survivors of the Haitian earthquake still live in temporary shelters. Last year, former American President Jimmy Carter and his wife Rosalynn joined five hundred Habitat volunteers in the town of Leogane to build houses.
Organizations do not have to be large to get volunteers. An activist group in Dharamsala, India is a good example. Jodie Underhill from England arrived in northern India several years ago. She planned to volunteer for an environmental project. She found a lot to do there. She could hardly believe how much garbage was ruining some of the area"s most beautiful sights. Miss Underhill learned about _______________________ while taking part in other volunteer projects. But soon enough she formed her own group, Mountain Cleaners. Miss Underhill says the work is very hard and the Indian media started calling her "Garbage Girl." But she says she was pleased with the name.
小题1:What does the passage mainly talk about? (no more than 8 words)
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小题2:What does the underlined word “both” (Line 3, paragraph 2) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
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小题3:What did former American President Jimmy Carter do as a volunteer? (no more than 8 words)
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小题4:Fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
Miss Underhill learned about __________________ while taking part in other volunteer projects.
小题5:What kind of volunteer jobs do you want to join? And why? (no more than 20 words)
_____________________________________________________________ |
阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing sectors in tourism． More and more of us are becoming concerned about the effects we are having on the destinations we choose, as well as the world around us． Some of us are choosing more green modes of transport to get there instead of flying, and some of us are choosing to visit greener destinations． India is one of the best places for ecotourism, and with the destinations below you can be sure that you’ll not only be protecting the earth, but giving something back to the area too．
Kerala, more commonly known as “God’s Own Country”, is a beautiful state on the southern tip of India． It’s a biologically diverse area, with many unique animal species, and almost 2,500 plant species in its tropical forests—that’s nearly a quarter of all India’s plant groups． In the past, though the forests in this area were much cleared, today they are well protected． There are plenty of wildlife reserves where you can see some of these unique animals．
With tourism developing in the area and money brought in, more attention can be given to protecting its plants and animals, ensuring that the people in the area have a better quality of life．
Arunachal Pradesh, situated on the most northern tip of India, is a resort for the more adventurous． With dry, desert heat in the summer and a snowfall best avoided in the winter, this area is less about greenery, and more about stunning desert landscapes． When visiting this amazing area, you"ll be promoting locals earning income from their surroundings, encouraging them to make the most of them and preserve them, as well as gradually increasing their quality of life．
As a north Indian province, Ladakh supports much rare and even endangered plants and animals, which can be seen at Hemis High Altitude National Park． There are also many Tibetan monasteries, including the Hemis Monastery, to visit in the area．
小题1:Why do people regard Kerala as a biologically diverse area? （no more than 15 words）
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小题2:What’s the author’s attitude towards the tourist industry in Kerala? （no more than 6 words）
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小题3:What can the tourists enjoy in Arunachal Pradesh despite much hardship? （ no more than 4 words）
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小题4:According to the passage, where would you like to go if you intend to study some endangered animals and plants? （no more than 7 words）
____________________________________________________________________
小题5:What is the passage mainly talking about? （no more than 6 words）
____________________________________________________________________ |
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
[1]Oops! In your rush to get to school, you drop a piece of toast on the floor. Do you throw it away or decide it’s still OK to eat? If you’re like most people, you eat it. Maybe you follow the “5-second rule”, which claims foods are safe to eat, if you pick them up within 5 seconds of dropping them. But you might want to think again. Scientists now say that 5 seconds are all it takes for foods to become contaminated with enough bacteria to make you sick.
[2]Bacteria can cause many kinds of illnesses. Some kinds of bacteria can grow on food. If we eat foods on which these bacteria are growing, we can become sick. One of these food-borne bacteria is Salmonella. It makes 1.4 million people sick every year. Earlier this year, 370 people became sick after eating peanut butter that had been contaminated with Salmonella at the manufacturing factory. Salmonella are often found in raw eggs and chicken. Cooking kills these bacteria, which is why it is so important to cook eggs, chicken, and other foods carefully.
[3]Being a good housekeeper is another good way to prevent infection. If household surfaces aren’t washed thoroughly, they can support Salmonella for weeks. A team of scientists at Clemson University in South Carolina have tested the 5-second rule, using sandwich ingredients. First, they placed a known amount of Salmonella cells on three surfaces: wood, tile, and carpet. They then placed a slice of bread and a slice of bologna(博洛尼亚大红肠) on each surface for 5, 30, or 60 seconds. After just 5 seconds, both the bread and bologna picked up enough bacteria to make you sick.
[4]So forget the 5-second rule. If your toast lands on the floor, throw it away. Stick a fresh slice of bread in the toaster. And this time, be careful not to drop it!
小题1:What is the “5-second rule” mentioned in the first paragraph? (no more than 18 words)
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小题2:Why is it important for us to cook food carefully?(no more than 5 words)
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小题3:What advice is given to prevent infection in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
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小题4:Why did the scientists at Clemson University carry out that test? (no more than 15 words.)
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小题5:What is the author’s attitude towards the 5-second rule? (one word)
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阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题·（请注意问题后的词数要求）
【1】Classroom programs designed to improve elementary school students" social and emotional skills can also increase reading and math achievement, even if academic improvement is not a direct goal of the skills building, according to a study to be published this month in American Educational Research Journal.
【2】The benefit holds true for students across a range of social-economic backgrounds. In the study, "Efficacy of the Responsive Classroom Approach: Results from a Three Year, Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial," the researchers looked specifically at Responsive Classroom (RC), a widely-used social and emotional learning intervention(介入方式).
【3】The study is among just a handful of randomized controlled trials that have examined the effect of social and emotional learning interventions on student achievement.
【4】"We find that at the very least, supporting students" social and emotional growth in the classroom does not interfere with academic learning," said Rimm-Kaufman, professor at the University of Virginia Curry School of Education. "When teachers receive adequate levels of training and support, using practices that support students" social and emotional growth actually boosts achievement."
【5】Math and reading gains were similar among those students who qualified for free and reduced-priced lunch and those who were not.
【6】"The success of many curricula(课程)requires that teachers use effective classroom management and develop student confidence and autonomy(自主)," said Rimm-Kaufman. "Our trial of the Responsive Classroom approach suggests that teachers who take the time to foster relationships in the classroom and support children"s self-control actually promote student achievement."
【7】"In a time of intense academic demands, many critics question the value of spending time on teaching social skills, building classroom relationships and supporting student autonomy," said Rimm-Kaufman. "Our research shows that time spent supporting children"s social and emotional abilities can be a very wise investment."
小题1:What’s the main idea of the passage? (no more than 10)
____________________________________________
小题2:What skills were improved according to the study? (no more than 4)
____________________________________________
小题3:How do the researchers carry out the study? (no more than 6)
____________________________________________
小题4:What do critics question about the study? (no more than 15)
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小题5:What’s the purpose of the passage? (no more than 6) |
Across the world, mobile phones are very popular with young people. They think that the phones are more than a means of communication — having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has worried some health professionals. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people will suffer from health problems because of the use of mobile phones. But mobile phone companies say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissue (组织) of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age due to the fact that he couldn’t remember even simple tasks. The man had been talking on his mobile phone for about six hours a day for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it is better to use mobile phones less often. Use a normal phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. So, for now, it is wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
小题1:Why do young people buy mobile phones according to the passage?
(No more than 11 words) (2 marks)
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小题2:Why did the salesman mentioned in the passage retire young?
(No more than 7 words) (2 marks)
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小题3:What do the manufacturing companies think of the safety issue of mobile phones?
(No more than 14 words) (3 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________
小题4:What’s the purpose of the author’s writing this passage? (No more than 11 words) (3 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________ |
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