Confucius (551BC～479BC), a Chinese philosopher，one of the most influential men i
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Confucius (551BC～479BC), a Chinese philosopher，one of the most influential men in the history of China. Confucius was born in a noble family in the state of Lu. However，his parents were poor. His father died when Confucius was only three years old. In 527 BC he began his life as a teacher，usually traveling about and teaching the followers that were around him. Confucius worked as an official of the state of Lu. However，he soon left office to travel and teach. In 484 BC he returned to Lu，where he lived until his death.
Living in the turbulent(动荡的)period，Confucius believed that people must go back to the principles of the ancient wise men. He therefore lectured to his pupils on the classics and taught them how to behave properly in society. Confucius did not write down the principles of his philosophy. The Analects (《论语》)，a work written by some of his followers，is considered the most faithful source of information about his life and teachings.
The teachings of Confucius were practical and moral，rather than religious. He said that man"s behavior should be based on five virtues：kindness, uprightness(义)，decorum(礼)，wisdom and faithfulness(信)．He asked everyone to fulfill their duties carefully toward the state. In the centuries after his death，his teachings，known as Confucianism，had a more powerful influence on the Chinese nation.
小题1:At about what age did Confucius begin his teaching？______小题2:The Analects is________.| A．considered to have been written by Confucius | | B．about the principles of the ancient wise men | | C．about Confucius" life and his teachings | | D．considered to be practical in tricks and evils |
小题3:It can be inferred that________.| A．Confucius was born in a very rich family | | B．Confucius served as an official in his lifetime | | C．the teachings of Confucius are religious | | D．Confucianism was more popular after Confucius died |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:D |
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了孔子是中国的教育家、思想家, 在中国的历史上最具影响力的人物之一。《论语》是儒家学派的经典著作之一，由孔子的弟子及其再传弟子编撰而成。孔子的思想及学说对后世产生了极其深远的影响。
小题1:细节理解题。根据In 527 BC he began his life as a teacher，孔子出生于公元前551年，他在公元前527年开始讲学，所以应该是他在24岁开始讲学的。故选D。
小题2:细节理解题。根据《论语》讲述的是孔子的一生和他的教义，故答案为C。
小题3:推理判断题。根据根据文章最后一句话可知孔子死后，他的教义对后世影响极大，故答案为D。
点评：细节题为阅读考题的重头戏，所占比例高达80% ，相对而言较简单，因为这类题虽然要求理解准确，但基本上限于字面意义的理解，范围也限于局部，因此是我们可望得高分的部分。细节题绝大部分体现“中心思想是解”这一原理。本文的细节理解题，在文中比较容易找到答案。 |
举一反三
It was already dark when an old man came to a small town. He found an inn and wanted to stay there for the night. After he had gone to his room, the owner said to his wife, “Look at his bag, dear. I’m sure there are lots of valuable things in it. I want to steal it when he is asleep.”
“No, no,” said the woman. “He must look for his bag tomorrow morning. Then he’ll take you before the judge.” They thought and at last the woman had an idea. “We have forgetful grass,” said the woman, “Why not put some into his food? If he has the food, he will forget to take his bag away.” “How clever you are!” said the owner, “Don’t forget it when you prepare supper for him.”
The old man had the food with the forgetful grass and went to bed. The next morning, when the owner got up, he found the door was open and the old man had left with his bag. He woke his wife up and said angrily, “What a fool! Your forgetful grass isn’t useful at all.” “No, no,” said the woman. “I don’t think so. He must forget something.” “Oh, I’ve remembered!” The owner cried out suddenly, “He forgot…”
小题1:The old man came to the inn _______.| A．in the morning | B．in the afternoon | | C．in the evening | D．at night |
小题2:The owner and his wife wanted to _______.| A．get the man’s bag | B．steal the man’s money | | C．make the man pay them more | D．hide the man’s bag |
小题3:The owner and his wife put the forgetful grass into the food because _______.| A．the old man always forgot something | | B．they wanted to make the food better | | C．they hoped the old man would leave the bag in the inn | | D．they wanted to know if the grass was useful |
小题4:According to the passage the old man forgot _______. | A．to take his bag away | | B．to tell the owner when he left | | C．to close the door when he went to sleep | | D．to pay them the inn money |
小题5:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?| A．Both the owner and his wife were clever. | | B．The owner of the inn got nothing from the old man. | | C．The old man left the inn without his bag. | | D．The woman forget to put the grass into the food. |
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After her husband had gone to work, Mrs Richards send her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning.
In the evening she would go to a fancy dress party with her husband. She wanted to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was really splendid. After putting it on, She went downstairs to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.
Just as Mrs Richards was entering the dining-room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, she quickly hid in the small store-room under the stair. She heard the front door opened and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and in came a man. Mrs Richards realized it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter. She tried to explain the situation, saying “It’s only me. ” but it was too late, the man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs Richards walked towards him, he fled, losing the door heavily behind him.
小题1:The reason for Mrs Richards’ excitement that day was that____.| A．she had sent her children to school | | B．she was to attend an evening party | | C．she wouldn’t do any housework that morning | | D．she had made a special costume the night before |
小题2:Mrs Richards went downstairs with the costume on so as to____.| A．made sure that the costume fitted her well | | B．frighten the person who was knocking on the door | | C．find out if she had finished the costume | | D．receive the bread and do some cooking |
小题3:The man who was knocking at the door was____.| A．a baker | B．a thief | C．her husband | D．an electricity man |
小题4:What did the man do after he knocked on the front door?| A．He entered just as Mrs Richards had told him to. | | B．He did not do anything as Mrs Richards had expected him to. | | C．He stepped directly towards the meter. | | D．He went straight in so as to find Mrs Richards. |
小题5:The man ____ and that made him cry out and run away.| A．thought he must have met a ghost | | B．recognized Mrs Richards | | C．found out Mrs Richards was walking towards him | | D．thought that Mrs Richards must have recognized him |
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Last winter, when I was heavily pregnant, I was visiting my sister and brother-in-law"s house and had to park in a nearby parking lot because they didn"t have accessible parking. The snow was extremely heavy and there was lots of ice on the ground --- not many people had ventured out that evening!
When I returned to my car around 11pm, I noticed that I was the only car left. Nervously, I hopped into the car and let it warm up a bit. When I finally tried to drive away, my wheels began to spin. I was stuck! I spun and spun and wondered what to do.
All of a sudden, in my rear view mirror, I saw four teen-aged boys approaching my car. They were walking side by side in a line and dressed a bit like gang members --- at least I thought that"s what they looked like. My car was in a very isolated area and I began to panic. I was certain they were coming to my car to harm me. Terrified, I just froze. One of the young men tapped on my window and said "Excuse me, Ma"am, can we help you? You seem stuck." Still afraid and fearing the worst, I said "I am stuck." And the young man said "It"s okay, stay in your car and we"ll push you out of the snow." And they did!
When they finally got me out of the snow, they smiled and waved. I rolled down my window and thanked them, embarrassed to have judged them so poorly.
小题1:Why did the author just freeze when the four young men walking toward her car?| A．Because she was afraid of being harmed. | | B．Because she sat in her car for too long a time. | | C．Because she was cold indeed in that freezing evening. | | D．Because she knew they would rob her of the car. |
小题2:Which of the following words can best describe the four young men?| A．Impolite. | | B．Ill-mannered. | | C．Unfriendly | | D．Warm-hearted. |
小题3:Which of the following is true according to the text?| A．One of the four teenagers was a gang member. | | B．The kids wanted to help the author out of trouble. | | C．The author would have a baby in her car. | | D．The young men enjoyed pushing cars out of the snow. |
小题4:The best title for the text would be___________．| A．Every man has his faults | | B．Fortune favors those who use their judgment | | C．Don"t judge a book by its cover | | D．Think twice before you do. |
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Years ago a farmer owned land along the Atlantic seacoast. He constantly advertised for hired hands.__16__people were reluctant (不情愿的) to work on farms along the Atlantic. They feared the violent storms __17__ the ocean. As the farmer interviewed__18__for the job, he received a steady stream of __19__ .
Finally, a short, thin man, __20__ past middle age, approached（接近） the farmer. "Are you a good farmhand?" the farmer asked him.
"Well, I can sleep__21__ the wind blows," answered the little man.
Although __22__ by this answer, the farmer, in great need of help, __23__ him. The little man worked well around the farm, busy from dawn to dusk, and the farmer felt __24__ with the man"s work.
Then one night the wind blew __25__ in from offshore. __26__ out of bed, the farmer rushed next door to the hired hand"s sleeping quarters. He shook the little man and shouted, "__27__ ! A storm is coming! __28__ things down before they blow away!"
The little man __29__ in bed and said firmly, "No sir. I told you, I can sleep when the wind blows."
Angered by the response, the farmer meant to fire him on the spot. __30__ , he hurried outside to prepare for the storm. To his __31__ , he discovered that all of the haystacks(草垛) had been covered with tarpaulins(帆布). The cows were in the barn, the chickens were in the coops, and the doors were barred. Everything was tied down. __32__ could blow away.
The farmer then understood __33__ his hired hand meant, so he returned to his bed to also sleep while the wind blew. When you"re __34__ , spiritually, mentally, and physically, you have nothing to__35__. Can you sleep when the wind blows through your life?
| 小题2: | | A．Above | B．Across | C．below | D．through |
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| 小题3: | | A．Applicants | B．peasants | C．workers | D．engineers |
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| 小题4: | | A．arrivals | B．refusals | C．approvals | D．finals |
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| 小题5: | | A．well | B．Too | C．very | D．pretty |
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| 小题6: | | A．when | B．before | C．after | D．because |
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| 小题7: | | A．Pleased | B．puzzled | C．surprised | D．frightened |
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| 小题8: | | A．fired | B．scolded | C．hired | D．ordered |
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| 小题9: | | A．Disappointed | B．satisfied | C．excited | D．tired |
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| 小题10: | | A．loudly | B．Slightly | C．hardly | D．silently |
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| 小题11: | | A．Jumping | B．Rising | C．Getting | D．Falling |
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| 小题12: | | A．Stand up | B．Get up | C．Sit down | D．Lie down |
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| 小题14: | | A．rolled over | B．jumped over | C．rolled up | D．jumped up |
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| 小题15: | | A．Therefore | B．Otherwise | C．likewise | D．Instead |
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| 小题16: | | A．expectation | B．imagination | C．amazement | D．sorrow |
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| 小题17: | | A．Something | B．Everything | C．Anything | D．Nothing |
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| 小题19: | | A．prepared | B．finished | C．determined | D．En |
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| 小题20: | | A．beat | B．win | C．desire | D．fear |
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As a boy, Sanders was much influenced by books about the sea, but by the age of fifteen he had decided to become a doctor rather than a sailor. His father was a doctor. So he was often with the doctors and got along very well with them. When he was fourteen, he was already hanging around the hospital where he was supposed to be helping to clean the medicine bottles, but was actually trying to listen to the doctors’ conversations with patients in the next room.
During the war Sanders served in the army as a surgeon(外科医生). “That was the happiest time of my life. I was dealing with real sufferers and on the whole making a success of my job.” In Rhodes he taught the country people simple facts about medicine. He saw himself as a life-saver. He had proved his skill to himself and had a firm belief that he could serve those who lived simply, and were dependent upon him. Thus, while in a position to tell them what to do he could feel he was serving them.
After the war, he married and set up a practice deep in the countryside, working under an old doctor who hated the sight of blood. This gave the younger man plenty of opportunities (机会) to go on working as a life-saver.
小题1:When he was a small boy, books about the sea had made Sanders want to be ___. | A．a surgeon | B．an army man | C．a sailor | D．a life-saver |
小题2:At the age of 14, Sanders ___.| A．worked as a doctor by cleaning the medicine bottles | | B．met some doctors who were very friendly to him | | C．was interested in talking with patients | | D．remained together with the doctors |
小题3:Having proved his skill to himself, Sanders ___.| A．wanted to live a simple life like a countryman | | B．came to realize that he was really working for his countrymen | | C．taught himself life-saving | | D．was highly respected by the old doctor |
小题4:When the war was over, he ___. | A．learned from an old doctor because he was popular | | B．started to hate the sight of blood while working | | C．served the countrymen under an old doctor who needed someone to help him | | D．had few chances to be a “life-saver” because he was younger |
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