Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did fo

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Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did foolsexperiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?
　　Sometimes, people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution (解决办法) to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important.
　　Charles Darwin didn’t settle for (满足于) just thinking he knew something. And, he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.
　　Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight (紧的) little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets. What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn’t be worth anything.
　　But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our present-day understandings of physics, ideas that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these understandings set aside some of ancient Greek physics.
Scientist sometimes stops to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.
1. 小题1:The passage tells us that Charles Darwin ____.

A．was a great English scientist

B．always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult

C．thought even the simplest thing was important

D．didn’t get well with others

2.小题2:The phrase “set aside” most probably means____ .

A．throw away	B．store up
C．put to use	D．realize

3. 小题3:The author of the passage tries to ________.

A．convince us that Charles Darwin, Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the world

B．draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple things

C．prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speed

D．draw our attention to everyday happenings around us

4小题4:Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Darwin really did fools experiments.

B．According to some people Darwin did foolish experiments.

C．It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.

D．Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B

解析

1. 小题1:本题为判断题。短文并没有说 Charles Darwin是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；由第二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验不值得做，可把B排除；文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情，可排除D。由“he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.(Para 3)”可推出答案C。
2. 小题2:本题为词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。
3. 小题3:本题为主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。
4. 小题4: 本题为细节考查题。短文第一段第二句“Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?”明确告诉我们，有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。

举一反三

　Francis Bacon, one of the most important philosophers(哲人) of England, was born in London and educated at Cambridge University. When he was only 15, he went to France to work for the English ambassador (大使) . Two years later he went back to England to study law. At the age of twenty-three he was chosen to parliament (议会). His ideas about how scientists should study things in nature help to bring the modern way of thinking, called the scientific method.
　　One of the Bacon’s best-known books was his Essays. Each essay was a short piece of writing in which he tried to give a lesson by discussing sides of a subject such as studying, conversation, friends and healthy living. In many of his books, Bacon explained how scientists should study things as they really existed in nature and then tried to figure out what caused a particular thing to be as it was. Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any one cause would always have the same result. This method, which is called inductive reasoning, is used by all the scientists today, but it was new in Bacon’s time.
5. 小题1:According to the passage we know that ____.

A．Francis Bacon was the most important philosopher of England

B．Francis Bacon had good education

C．Francis Bacon worked for a French ambassador at the age of 15

D．Francis Bacon stayed in France until he was 23

6. 小题2:The underlined phrase “inductive reasoning” in the last paragraph means____.

A．to discover general laws from particular facts or examples

B．to reach a conclusion by reasoning from general laws to a particular case

C．to study things as they used to be

D．to study things in a particular way

7. 小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Bacon was a learned man.

B．Bacon did a lot of philosophy.

C．The inductive reasoning was widely used both today and in Bacon’s time.

D．Bacon gave scientists much useful advice.

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There was a little boy   26  his grandparents on their farm.He was given a slingshot（弹弓）to play with,out in the woods.He   27  in the woods,but he could never hit the target.Getting a little 28 ,he headed back to dinner.Then,he saw Grandma’s pet duck,so he let fly,hit the duck square in the head,and   29  it.He was shocked and upset.In   30 ,he hid the dead duck in the woodpile, 31  to see his sister watching.Sally had seen it all, 32  she said nothing.
33 lunch that day grandma said,“Sally,let’s wash the dishes.”
But Sally said,“Grandma,Johnny told me he wanted to   34  in the kitchen today,didn’t you Johnny?”And then she   35  to him,“Remember,the duck?”So Johnny did the dishes.
Later Grandpa asked if   36  wanted to go fishing,and Grandma said,“I’m sorry but I need Sally to help make supper.”
But Sally   37  and said,“Well,that’s   38  because Johnny told me he wanted to help.”
39 the duck,Johnny had to stay and Sally went fishing.
After several days of Johnny doing both his   40  and Sally’s,he finally couldn’t   41
it any longer.He came to Grandma and told her that he killed the duck.She   42  down,gave him a hug（拥抱）,and said,“Sweetheart,I know.You see,I was standing at the window and I   43  the whole thing.But because I love you,I   44  you.But I was just   45  how long would you let Sally make a slave of you.”
26.A.helping                 B.visiting                            C.tending                            D.seeking
27.A.practised               B.played                       C.worked                            D.hunted
28.A.anxious                B.tired                         C.pleased                      D.discouraged
29.A.caught                  B.injured                      C.killed                        D.seized
30.A.surprise                B.disappointment          C.anger                        D.horror
31.A.only                     B.so as                         C.in order                     D.expecting
32.A.so                        B.and                           C.instead                      D.but
33.A.At                        B.After                        C.Before                      D.Cooking
34.A.work                    B.stay                          C.help                          D.get
35.A.called                  B.whispered                  C.nodded                      D.signed
36.A.the children          B.Sally                         C.Johnny                      D.Grandma
37.A.sighed                  B.agreed                       C.objected                    D.smiled
38.A.easy                            B.all right                     C.fine                          D.impossible
39.A.Searching             B.Hiding                      C.Remembering            D.Regretting
40.A.homework            B.housework                 C.farm work                 D.cooking
41.A.stand                    B.change                      C.like                           D.cover
42.A.sat                       B.went                         C.lay                            D.knelt
43.A.know                   B.heard                        C.saw                           D.understand
44.A.missed                  B.forgave                            C.congratulated             D.punished
45.A.wondering            B.saying                       C.imaging                    D.considering

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Robeson was born in a very poor family.At seven,he had to pick coal in a deserted mine near his home,then he sold  26  he had picked and earned a few coins to help his parents.He had
27 schooling,for being so poor,how could they   28   school fees?
When he was fifteen,he worked   29  a servant in a school.Looking at other children studying in the classroom,he felt  30 for himself.How he   31   to have the same chance!He decided to study by  32  .In the daytime,after the sweeping and cleaning was over,he   33
stand by the window outside the classroom trying to catch what the teacher said.At night,he tried his best to remember what he   34 during the day.He worked   35  hard at his lessons that he sometimes had just three or four hours to sleep.The more he learned,the greater  36  he showed in his lessons.A maths teacher discovered him and came to like this diligent boy and  37 him to sit at the back of the class.In one exam,he was the  38 one in the whole school who reached the highest grade.He would have been given the scholarship if he   39  a regular student of the school.
Robeson  40 rough six long years with his study of maths and wrote several articles which captured the  41 of some university professors.They admired his talent  42  his diligence.To give him a good chance,they hired him as a librarian and  43   him free guidance.Robeson felt 44 ,for he was sure that before him there was a broad road   45  success.
26.A.whether                B.which                       C.that                           D.what
27.A.many                   B.few                           C.little                         D.much
28.A.buy                      B.afford                       C.send                          D.read
29.A.as                        B.like                           C.for                            D.by
30.A.angry                   B.ashamed                    C.proud                        D.sorry
31.A.hated                    B.decided                     C.wished                      D.regretted
32.A.the teacher            B.himself                            C.his parents                 D.his schoolmates
33.A.could                   B.ought to                    C.should                       D.would
34.A.had learned                                              B.has been taught
C.has heard                                                      D.had been written down
35.A.very                            B.so                             C.too                           D.quite
36.A.joy                       B.interest                      C.time                          D.taste
37.A.allowed                B.agreed                      C.let                                   D.refused
38.A.worst                   B.only                          C.last                           D.laziest
39.A.had been               B.has been                    C.is                              D.was
40.A.learned                 B.listened                     C.mastered                   D.struggled
41.A.notice                   B.influence                   C.eyes                          D.attention
42.A.except for             B.according to                     C.as well as                  D.in spite of
43.A.taught                  B.offered                      C.lent                           D.sent
44.A.sad                       B.angry                        C.happy                       D.disappointed
45.A.leading to             B.coming from             C.made of                    D.covered with

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　Bill and his family has been living in the six－family building for years.All the neighbours got along fairly well with each other until recently.
An old man and his wife used to live on the second floor.Bill’s mother and the old lady were good friends.Unfortunately the lady died last month.Her husband could not live alone,so he had his grandson move over and live with him.
The grandson has become a problem to all the neighbours,especially to Bill’s family.The walls of the building are thin and he is noisy.Bill is used to peace and quiet but the young man likes to listen to the radio late at night.Sometimes friends of his visit and they make a lot of noise.That is too much for Bill’s family.
Bill’s mother once asked the old man politely if he was able to sleep well at night,but obviously the man didn’t understand what she meant.If he did and spoke to his grandson,the young man obviously didn’t listen,since things haven’t changed any.Everyone in Bill’s family agrees that something must be done though they don’t want to hurt the kind old man.
小题1:Bill’s family got angry because ________.

A．the old lady had died

B．a young man moved in

C．the old man could not live alone

D．the grandson made a lot of noise

小题2:Which of the following statements is true?

A．The old man could not live without his wife’s help.

B．The old man and his wife were sometimes making trouble too.

C．Bill’s mother was kind to her neighbours.

D．Bill’s mother was the only one who likes the young man.

小题3:It seems that ________to solve the problem.

A．anyone is able	B．only the grandfather is going
C．Bill’s mother is able	D．nobody is likely

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When I was 17，I read a quote that went something like：“If you live each day as if it were your last，someday you’11 most certainly be right．”It made a deep 36 on me．and since then。for the past 33 years，I have 37 in the mirror every morning and asked myself：“If today were the last day of my life， 38 I want to do what I am about to do today?”And whenever the answer has been“No”for too many days in a 39 ，I know I need to change something．
Remembering that I’ll be 40 soon is the most important tool I’ve ever known to help me make the big 41 in life because almost everything falls away in the face of death， 42 only what is truly important
About a year ago I was 43 with cancer My doctor even advised me to go home and get my affairs 44 order，which is a doctor’s way of telling people to prepare to die．I 45 with that diagnosis all day． 46 ，at last an advanced test showed that i。。t was a very rare cancer that is 47 with surgery．I had the surgery and I’m fine now
48 wants to die．Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there And yet death is the destination we all 49 ．No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be，because death is very likely the single best invention of 50 ．It is life"s change agent It clears out the old to 51 for the new．Right now the new is you．but someday not too 52 from n6w，you will．gradually’become the old and be cleared away．Sorry to be so dramatic，but it is quite true．
Your time is 53 ，so don’t waste it living，someone else’s 1ife．Don’t be 54 by dogma（教条） —which is living with the results of other people’s thinking．Don’t let the noise of others’opinions drown out your own inner 55 ．And most importantly，have the courage to follow your heart
36．A．impression        B．curse              C． decision                  D．joke
37．A．seen              B．looked            C．found              D．1ost
38．A．would             B．should            C．might               D．could
39．A．hurry              B．1ine              C．moment             D．row
40．A．successful          B．rich              C．dead             D．frustrated
41．A．apologies          B．fortune           C．impressions          D．choices
42．A．proving           B．leaving            C．confirming         D．telling
43．A．diagnosed          B．cured            C．treated              D．round
44．A．on                B．for              C． in                D．at
45．A．met               B．got              C．did                       D．1ived
46．A．However          B．But              C．Therefore         D．So
47．A．incurable          B．curable              C．fatal              D．changeable
48．A．Anyone           B．Someone         C．No one           D．Everyone
49．A．want             B．avoid             C．share           D．escape
50．A．destination        B．1ife              C．science            D．disease
51．A．make up             B．make for          C．make our          D．make wav
52．A．distant             B．short               C．long              D．away
53．A．1imited            B．rare               C．enough           D．1ost
54．A．wasted              B．cheated            C．excited            D．trapped
55．A．voice               B．love              C．direction          D．confusion

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