Francis Bacon, one of the most important philosophers(哲人) of England, was born
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Francis Bacon, one of the most important philosophers(哲人) of England, was born in London and educated at Cambridge University. When he was only 15, he went to France to work for the English ambassador (大使) . Two years later he went back to England to study law. At the age of twenty-three he was chosen to parliament (议会). His ideas about how scientists should study things in nature help to bring the modern way of thinking, called the scientific method.
One of the Bacon’s best-known books was his Essays. Each essay was a short piece of writing in which he tried to give a lesson by discussing sides of a subject such as studying, conversation, friends and healthy living. In many of his books, Bacon explained how scientists should study things as they really existed in nature and then tried to figure out what caused a particular thing to be as it was. Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any one cause would always have the same result. This method, which is called inductive reasoning, is used by all the scientists today, but it was new in Bacon’s time.
5. 小题1:According to the passage we know that ____.| A．Francis Bacon was the most important philosopher of England | | B．Francis Bacon had good education | | C．Francis Bacon worked for a French ambassador at the age of 15 | | D．Francis Bacon stayed in France until he was 23 |
6. 小题2:The underlined phrase “inductive reasoning” in the last paragraph means____. | A．to discover general laws from particular facts or examples | | B．to reach a conclusion by reasoning from general laws to a particular case | | C．to study things as they used to be | | D．to study things in a particular way |
7. 小题3:Which of the following is NOT true? | A．Bacon was a learned man. | | B．Bacon did a lot of philosophy. | | C．The inductive reasoning was widely used both today and in Bacon’s time. | | D．Bacon gave scientists much useful advice. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C |
解析
5. 小题1:本题为推断题。根据第一段第一句可知，培根是在剑桥大学接受的教育，可知他受过良好的教育。本题也可用排除法选出正确答案，由短文的“one of the most important philosophers”可把A排除；由“he went to France to work for the English ambassador”可把C排除；由“Two years later, he went back to England to study law”可知，培根17岁就回到了英国学习法律，因此D是错误的。正确答案为B。
6. 小题2:本题为词义猜测题。词义猜测题应根据其上下文的意思来猜测生词或词组的意思。本题可由该词组所在句的上句“Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any one cause would always have the same result.”得出答案。
7. 小题3:本题为判断题。本文最后一句告诉我们归纳推理(inductive reasoning)的方法在培根时代并没有广泛运用，由此判断出C项是错误的 |
举一反三
There was a little boy 26 his grandparents on their farm.He was given a slingshot（弹弓）to play with,out in the woods.He 27 in the woods,but he could never hit the target.Getting a little 28 ,he headed back to dinner.Then,he saw Grandma’s pet duck,so he let fly,hit the duck square in the head,and 29 it.He was shocked and upset.In 30 ,he hid the dead duck in the woodpile, 31 to see his sister watching.Sally had seen it all, 32 she said nothing.
33 lunch that day grandma said,“Sally,let’s wash the dishes.”
But Sally said,“Grandma,Johnny told me he wanted to 34 in the kitchen today,didn’t you Johnny?”And then she 35 to him,“Remember,the duck?”So Johnny did the dishes.
Later Grandpa asked if 36 wanted to go fishing,and Grandma said,“I’m sorry but I need Sally to help make supper.”
But Sally 37 and said,“Well,that’s 38 because Johnny told me he wanted to help.”
39 the duck,Johnny had to stay and Sally went fishing.
After several days of Johnny doing both his 40 and Sally’s,he finally couldn’t 41
it any longer.He came to Grandma and told her that he killed the duck.She 42 down,gave him a hug（拥抱）,and said,“Sweetheart,I know.You see,I was standing at the window and I 43 the whole thing.But because I love you,I 44 you.But I was just 45 how long would you let Sally make a slave of you.”
26.A.helping B.visiting C.tending D.seeking
27.A.practised B.played C.worked D.hunted
28.A.anxious B.tired C.pleased D.discouraged
29.A.caught B.injured C.killed D.seized
30.A.surprise B.disappointment C.anger D.horror
31.A.only B.so as C.in order D.expecting
32.A.so B.and C.instead D.but
33.A.At B.After C.Before D.Cooking
34.A.work B.stay C.help D.get
35.A.called B.whispered C.nodded D.signed
36.A.the children B.Sally C.Johnny D.Grandma
37.A.sighed B.agreed C.objected D.smiled
38.A.easy B.all right C.fine D.impossible
39.A.Searching B.Hiding C.Remembering D.Regretting
40.A.homework B.housework C.farm work D.cooking
41.A.stand B.change C.like D.cover
42.A.sat B.went C.lay D.knelt
43.A.know B.heard C.saw D.understand
44.A.missed B.forgave C.congratulated D.punished
45.A.wondering B.saying C.imaging D.considering |
Robeson was born in a very poor family.At seven,he had to pick coal in a deserted mine near his home,then he sold 26 he had picked and earned a few coins to help his parents.He had
27 schooling,for being so poor,how could they 28 school fees?
When he was fifteen,he worked 29 a servant in a school.Looking at other children studying in the classroom,he felt 30 for himself.How he 31 to have the same chance!He decided to study by 32 .In the daytime,after the sweeping and cleaning was over,he 33
stand by the window outside the classroom trying to catch what the teacher said.At night,he tried his best to remember what he 34 during the day.He worked 35 hard at his lessons that he sometimes had just three or four hours to sleep.The more he learned,the greater 36 he showed in his lessons.A maths teacher discovered him and came to like this diligent boy and 37 him to sit at the back of the class.In one exam,he was the 38 one in the whole school who reached the highest grade.He would have been given the scholarship if he 39 a regular student of the school.
Robeson 40 rough six long years with his study of maths and wrote several articles which captured the 41 of some university professors.They admired his talent 42 his diligence.To give him a good chance,they hired him as a librarian and 43 him free guidance.Robeson felt 44 ,for he was sure that before him there was a broad road 45 success.
26.A.whether B.which C.that D.what
27.A.many B.few C.little D.much
28.A.buy B.afford C.send D.read
29.A.as B.like C.for D.by
30.A.angry B.ashamed C.proud D.sorry
31.A.hated B.decided C.wished D.regretted
32.A.the teacher B.himself C.his parents D.his schoolmates
33.A.could B.ought to C.should D.would
34.A.had learned B.has been taught
C.has heard D.had been written down
35.A.very B.so C.too D.quite
36.A.joy B.interest C.time D.taste
37.A.allowed B.agreed C.let D.refused
38.A.worst B.only C.last D.laziest
39.A.had been B.has been C.is D.was
40.A.learned B.listened C.mastered D.struggled
41.A.notice B.influence C.eyes D.attention
42.A.except for B.according to C.as well as D.in spite of
43.A.taught B.offered C.lent D.sent
44.A.sad B.angry C.happy D.disappointed
45.A.leading to B.coming from C.made of D.covered with |
Bill and his family has been living in the six－family building for years.All the neighbours got along fairly well with each other until recently.
An old man and his wife used to live on the second floor.Bill’s mother and the old lady were good friends.Unfortunately the lady died last month.Her husband could not live alone,so he had his grandson move over and live with him.
The grandson has become a problem to all the neighbours,especially to Bill’s family.The walls of the building are thin and he is noisy.Bill is used to peace and quiet but the young man likes to listen to the radio late at night.Sometimes friends of his visit and they make a lot of noise.That is too much for Bill’s family.
Bill’s mother once asked the old man politely if he was able to sleep well at night,but obviously the man didn’t understand what she meant.If he did and spoke to his grandson,the young man obviously didn’t listen,since things haven’t changed any.Everyone in Bill’s family agrees that something must be done though they don’t want to hurt the kind old man.
小题1:Bill’s family got angry because ________.| A．the old lady had died | | B．a young man moved in | | C．the old man could not live alone | | D．the grandson made a lot of noise |
小题2:Which of the following statements is true?| A．The old man could not live without his wife’s help. | | B．The old man and his wife were sometimes making trouble too. | | C．Bill’s mother was kind to her neighbours. | | D．Bill’s mother was the only one who likes the young man. |
小题3:It seems that ________to solve the problem.| A．anyone is able | B．only the grandfather is going | | C．Bill’s mother is able | D．nobody is likely |
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When I was 17，I read a quote that went something like：“If you live each day as if it were your last，someday you’11 most certainly be right．”It made a deep 36 on me．and since then。for the past 33 years，I have 37 in the mirror every morning and asked myself：“If today were the last day of my life， 38 I want to do what I am about to do today?”And whenever the answer has been“No”for too many days in a 39 ，I know I need to change something．
Remembering that I’ll be 40 soon is the most important tool I’ve ever known to help me make the big 41 in life because almost everything falls away in the face of death， 42 only what is truly important
About a year ago I was 43 with cancer My doctor even advised me to go home and get my affairs 44 order，which is a doctor’s way of telling people to prepare to die．I 45 with that diagnosis all day． 46 ，at last an advanced test showed that i。。t was a very rare cancer that is 47 with surgery．I had the surgery and I’m fine now
48 wants to die．Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there And yet death is the destination we all 49 ．No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be，because death is very likely the single best invention of 50 ．It is life"s change agent It clears out the old to 51 for the new．Right now the new is you．but someday not too 52 from n6w，you will．gradually’become the old and be cleared away．Sorry to be so dramatic，but it is quite true．
Your time is 53 ，so don’t waste it living，someone else’s 1ife．Don’t be 54 by dogma（教条） —which is living with the results of other people’s thinking．Don’t let the noise of others’opinions drown out your own inner 55 ．And most importantly，have the courage to follow your heart
36．A．impression B．curse C． decision D．joke
37．A．seen B．looked C．found D．1ost
38．A．would B．should C．might D．could
39．A．hurry B．1ine C．moment D．row
40．A．successful B．rich C．dead D．frustrated
41．A．apologies B．fortune C．impressions D．choices
42．A．proving B．leaving C．confirming D．telling
43．A．diagnosed B．cured C．treated D．round
44．A．on B．for C． in D．at
45．A．met B．got C．did D．1ived
46．A．However B．But C．Therefore D．So
47．A．incurable B．curable C．fatal D．changeable
48．A．Anyone B．Someone C．No one D．Everyone
49．A．want B．avoid C．share D．escape
50．A．destination B．1ife C．science D．disease
51．A．make up B．make for C．make our D．make wav
52．A．distant B．short C．long D．away
53．A．1imited B．rare C．enough D．1ost
54．A．wasted B．cheated C．excited D．trapped
55．A．voice B．love C．direction D．confusion |
Two thieves came to a house to steal something.They dug a hole in the wall of the house.
There lived many mice in the house.The woman in the moonlight saw a mouse crawl（爬行）into the house.“Look！In comes one，”she said to the man in the house.The thief was so frightened that he hurriedly crawled out of the house and said to the one waiting outside，“She found me when I was just in.” But the thief outside didn’t believe him，so he said，“Let us two try to crawl into the house together.”At that time two mice happened to crawl into the house，too.The woman saw the mice and shouted，“In come two，catch them！” The two thieves were terribly frightened.The man in the house said，“You saw them come in but where are they？ I will catch them tonight.”The two thieves started running away at once.
The two thieves wanted to make it clear whether they had been found or not the night before.The next day they acted as men selling sweet potatoes and came before the house.The man and the woman were ploughing in their fields.The rein（缰绳）broke and the woman came home for a rope.She saw two men selling sweet potatoes and wanted to buy some.She picked out two which looked like mice.At the time the man couldn’t wait for her any longer in the fields and he ran back from the fields to hurry her up.The woman showed the sweet potatoes to the man and said，“How they look like the two of last night.”The man said，“I asked you to fetch a rope，why don’t you hurry for it？”The two thieves ran away quickly without their sweet potatoes.
小题1:The two thieves failed to steal anything from the house because______.| A．they were found out | | B．they were frightened by what they had heard in the house | | C．they didn’t work together well with each other | | D．mice stopped them from doing so |
小题2:From the last paragraph，we know that ______.| A．the two thieves were famous selling sweet potatoes | | B．the woman recognized the two thieves | | C．the woman pretended to know nothing about the two thieves and made fun of them | | D．the two thieves didn’t know that they were not found at all |
小题3:“______”is the best title for this passage.| A．Two Clever Thieves | B．Terrible Mice | | C．Hit the Mark by a Fluke（歪打正着） | D．A Clever Couple |
小题4:Which of the following statements is false？| A．The two thieves not only failed to steal things but also lost their sweet potatoes. | | B．Whenever they found mice，the people in the house would try to catch them. | | C．The two thieves ran away at once，because they thought the woman had seen them. | | D．The man let the woman go home for a rope，which would be used for catching the thieves. |
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