“Just take a deep breath.” “Don’t think about it.” “You’re more likely to die in
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“Just take a deep breath.” “Don’t think about it.” “You’re more likely to die in a car wreck on the way to the airport than you are in a plane crash.” These are just some words given to people with a fear of flying. But as Tom Cruise, playing Lt. Daniel Kaffee in the movie A Few Good Men, said, “I get sick when I fly because I’m afraid of crashing into a large mountain. I don’t think Daniel will help.”
But there’s a new application that just may. Today, the VALK Foundation, a Dutch group that’s a partnership between KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and the University of Leiden, launches the app in the US. The VALK Foundation was one of the first centers for research and fear-of-flying treatment in the world and is the organizer of three world conferences on fear of flying.The foundation said the app, called Flight App VALK, is the first scientifically-developed, web-based treatment for people who suffer from mild to moderate fear of flying.
“The fear of flying application we have created aims to transfer all of the knowledge we have developed through our program into a mobile application that will help ease travelers’ fears,” said Dr. Lucas van Gerwen, director of the VALK Foundation. Dr. van Gerwen is also a psychologist and professional pilot with more than 30 years experience.
The foundation said up to 30% of adults are fearful fliers. The Flight App is designed to help relax passengers before and during flights by educating users about flight safety and turbulence. It explains the sounds and sensations they can expect during departure, flight and landing. And, if a passenger’s flight stress reaches a panic level, they press a special panic button which provides audio and written information to help decrease stress levels. Most importantly, the Flight App can be used during the flight in the airplane mode. Once downloaded, the program does not require Internet connection in the air.
小题1:By saying the words at the beginning of the passage, people are expected to ______.| A．decrease their fear of flying | | B．get rid of their doubt about plane | | C．have a good time on their flight journey | | D．use some medicine to cure their fear of flying |
小题2:Flight App VALK is aimed to ______.| A．help passengers experience the fear of flying | | B．help relax passengers before and during flights | | C．treat people who suffer from mild fear of flying | | D．teach people the basic knowledge of taking flight |
小题3:According to the passage, the VALK Foundation ______.| A．is a group focusing on psychology on the flight | | B．was the first center to do research into fear of flying | | C．organize the world conferences on fear of flying annually | | D．focuses on researching and offering treatment on fear of flying |
小题4:What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?| A．Many adults are suffering from fear of flying | | B．It’s convenient for people to use the Flight App | | C．Many planes will be installed with the Flight App. | | D．The Flight App can decrease stress levels effectively |
小题5:In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage?| A．Culture | B．Entertainment | C．Technology | D．Education |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:C |
解析
试题分析：本文介绍了一个旨在教育人们关于飞行的恐惧的苹果应用Flight App VALK，并介绍了具体的特点和信息。
小题1:A 推理题。根据第一段前3行“Just take a deep breath.” “Don’t think about it.” “You’re more likely to die in a car wreck on the way to the airport than you are in a plane crash.” These are just some words given to people with a fear of flying.说明这些话都是人们安慰那些对飞行有恐惧感的人的话，故A正确。
小题2:B 细节题。根据The foundation said up to 30% of adults are fearful fliers. The Flight App is designed to help relax passengers before and during flights by educating users about flight safety and turbulence.”说明这个应用的目的是为了缓解人们对飞行的恐惧。故B正确。
小题3:D 推理题。根据最后一段3，4,5,6,7行It explains the sounds and sensations they can expect during departure, flight and landing. And, if a passenger’s flight stress reaches a panic level, they press a special panic button which provides audio and written information to help decrease stress levels. Most importantly, the Flight App can be used during the flight in the airplane mode.说明这个应用主要告诉人们应该如何来处理这些恐惧，故D正确。
小题4:B 推理题。本文的最后一段都是在描述这个应用的作用和特点，主要是为了说服人们使用这个苹果的应用。故B正确。
小题5:C 推理题。本文主要讲述的就是对VALK这个苹果应用的作用具体特点的使用的介绍，那么最可能出现在报纸上的技术部分。故C项正确。
点评：本文介绍了一个旨在教育人们关于飞行的恐惧的苹果应用Flight App VALK，并介绍了具体的特点和信息。要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。 |
举一反三
Howard Dill is a giant among giant pumpkin growers. He grew world champion pumpkins for four years running，from 1979 to 1982，and missed winning the fifth year by a mere 5 pounds. Today，his Dill Atlantic Giant seeds are sold worldwide to more than 50 seed companies. The pumpkins grown from his Dill Atlantic Giant seeds commonly weigh in at over 1,000 pounds.“I don’t have any training in genetics ；it was all trial and error，”Dill says. He inherited his love of pumpkins from his father and has enjoyed growing them for years.
Dill still grows giant pumpkins, but not for competition. In the fall, visitors come to enjoy the pumpkin patch on his 90-acre farm in Nova Scotia，Canada. He plants ten acres of pumpkins for Halloween and two acres of giant pumpkins. One of giant pumpkins was recently baked into 442 pumpkin pies and sold at $ 5 each for charity.
It you want to try growing a giant pumpkin, Dill recommends starting with a soil test and then adding fertilizer as needed. Plant the giant pumpkin seed. A giant pumpkin can gain 15 to 20 pounds a day， so careful watering—every day or two—is essential. You should wait about 130 days until the pumpkin matures and then you can harvest it.
Dill’s favorite pumpkin set the Guinness Book record in 1981. It weighted 493.5 pounds. “I’ve grown them larger since， but that one meant a lot,” he remembers. “I never would have predicted ten years ago that there would be a 1,000-pounder，but there are many of them now，”says Dill。The 2006 world record holder is Larry Checkon of Pennsylvania. He grew a 1,469 pounder. Dill says, “These world champions are grown from my seeds， so I feel like a winner right along with them.”
小题1:What can we learn about the world champion pumpkin of 1983?| A．It weighed over 1,000 pounds. | | B．It was missing after the competition. | | C．It was 5 pounds heavier than that of 1982. | | D．It was 5 pounds heavier than Dill’s biggest one that year. |
小题2:One of Dill’s giant pumpkins earned .| A．$2210 | B．$442 | C．$1000 | D．$1469 |
小题3:In the third paragraph Dill mainly tells about .| A．how to do a soil test | B．how to plant the giant pumpkin seed | | C．when to water the pumpkin | D．how to grow a giant pumpkin |
小题4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．Howard Dill is well trained in genetics. | | B．Howard Dill grows pumpkins just for competiton. | | C．Dill felt proud of Larry Checkon’s champion pumpkin. | | D．Dill’s favorite pumpkin is the heaviest of all those he has ever grown. |
小题5:Which of the following is the best title for the passage?| A．Gardening Giant: Howard Dill | B．World Champion Pumpkin | | C．Dill Atlantic Giant Seeds | D．How to Grow Giant Pumpkins |
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Ladji Doucoure of France beat Olympic champion Liu Xiang of China in the final meters to claim the title of the men’s 110 meters hurdles at the 10th world championships in Helsinki on Friday.
Doucoure, who led the world this season with 12.97 seconds, over took the Chinese to win the race in 13.07 seconds. Liu was second in 13.08. Four-time world champion Allen Johnson of the United States took the third in 13.10.
The 22-year-old Doucoure said after the race, “ I can not tell you just how long I have been dreaming of this. This victory is the result of a lot of hard work, and also a lot of support from people who have believed in me. I had a bad start, touched a few hurdles, but after the 4th hurdle I picked up my race and went straight to the finish line.”
Liu, who won the Olympic gold with a world record-tying time of 12.91 seconds, said, “I’m very satisfied with the second place. The result could have been worse. I felt quite well and did my best. I’ m not tired, I had some clearance problems at the start, so I should practice that some mor. Finally, I didn’t lose by much, only by a little bit, but I did think I could win it.”
Liu’s coach, Sun Haiping said on Friday he was content with Liu’s performance.
“ Liu Xiang was quite good during his reaction period, but he was a little bit slow in the middle and he finally caught up during the last two hurdles,” Sun told Xinhua.
Although satisfied with the silver medal and the clocking of 13.08 seconds, Sun said Liu might have added the world title to the Olympic championship if Liu had run the track neighboring his major rivals(对手) of Doucoure Ladji or Allen Johnson.
“ If he had run next to Ladji Doucoure or Allen Johnson, Liu could have kept pace with them and then sprinted(疾跑) at the last stage. In this case, he could grab the gold,” said Sun, who had become a household name for coaching China’s first men’s Olympic champion in the track.
小题1:This passage probably appears_________.| A．in a story book | B．in a text book | | C．in a newspaper | D．in a fashion magazine |
小题2:The following statements about Doucoure are true EXCEPT_______.| A．He won the gold medal in the men’s 110m hurdles in Helsinki. | | B．He led the world in the men’s 110m hurdles with 12.97 seconds this season. | | C．He did a lot of hard practice before the race in Helsinki. | | D．He won the world champion title four times. |
小题3:Which of the following can be used to replace the underlined phrase“picked up my race”in Paragraph 3?| A．gathered speed | B．stood up | | C．make up my mind | D．became better in health |
小题4:According to Sun Haiping, Liu Xiang might have won the gold if ______.| A．he had done better during his reaction period | | B．he had run the track next to Ladji Doucoure of Allen Johnson | | C．he had practiced clearance more before that race | | D．he hadn’t touched a few hurdles in the race |
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A newly-wed couple on a four-month honeymoon were hit by six natural disasters, including the Australian floods, Christchurch earthquake and Japanese tsunami.
Stefan and Erika Svanstrom left Stockholm, Sweden, on December 6 and were immediately stranded in Munich, Germany, due to one of Europe"s worst snowstorms. Travelling with their baby daughter, they flew on to Cairns in Australia which was then struck by one of the most tremendous tonadoes in the nation"s history. From there, the couple, in their 20s, were forced to shelter for 24 hours on the cement floor of a shopping centre with 2,500 others. "Trees were being knocked over and big branches were scattered across the streets," Mr Svanstrom told Sweden"s Express newspaper. "We escaped by the skin of our teeth," said Svanstrom.
They then headed south to Brisbane but the city was experiencing massive flooding, so they crossed the country to Perth where they narrowly escaped raging bush fires. The couple then flew to Christchurch, New Zealand, arriving just after a massive magnitude 6.3 earthquake destroyed the city on February 22. Mrs. Svanstrom said, "When we got there the whole town was a war zone." "We could not visit the city since it was completely blocked off, so instead we travelled around before going to Japan." But days after the Svanstroms arrived, Tokyo was rocked by Japan"s largest earthquake since records began. "The trembling was horrible and we saw roof tiles fly off the buildings," Mr. Svantrom said. "It was like the buildings were swaying back and forth."
The family returned to Stockholm on March 29,2011 after a much calmer visit to their last destination China. But Mr. Svanstrom, who also survived the destructive Boxing Day tsunami that hit southeast Asia in 2004, said the marriage was still going strong. He added, "I know marriages have to endure some trials, but I think we have been through most of them." "We"ve certainly experienced more than our fair share of catastrophes, but the most important thing is that we"re together and happy." Mrs. Svantrom added: “ To say we were unlucky with the weather doesn’t really cover it! It’s so absurd that now we can only laugh.”
小题1:How many countries did the couple visit during their honeymoon?小题2:What"s the right order of the following things according to the passage?
a. The couple headed south to Brisbane.
b. The couple flew to Cairns.
c. The couple flew to Christchurch.
d. The couple were stranded in Munich.| A．a-b-c-d | | B．a-c-b-d | | C．d-b-c-a | | D．d-b-a-c |
小题3:By saying "We escaped by the skin of our teeth.", Mr. Svanstrom meant that _____| A．The tornadoes was tremendous | | B．They escaped from the tornadoes easily. | | C．They had a narrow escape from the tornadoes | | D．There was something wrong with their teeth |
小题4:According to the last two paragraphs, which word can best describe Mr. Svanstrom?| A．ambitious. | | B．enthusiastic | | C．considerate | | D．optimistic |
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A grave of a man dating back to around 2300 BC was found by archaeologists in England On May 3, 2002. Buried with him were the tools of a hunter or warrior. There was a bone pin that may have been from a piece of clothing such as a leather coat. He carried a copper knife on his breast. The most amazing find was two gold earrings. That would have made him a man of distinction. Only a few centimeters from his head were two pots made of clay, tools and materials to make arrows, a bow and a dozen arrows for hunting and a second, smaller copper knife. Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal.
His grave is the richest of any found from that period, because this man was buried with two gold earrings which are the oldest gold ever found in Britain (dated to 2470 BC). Besides, he was buried three miles from Stonehenge. Archaeologists tend to believe he was a member of a powerful class who might have organized the construction of Stonehenge.
Stonehenge was begun around 3000 BC. In about 2300 BC the huge stone circles were built. The biggest stone weighed approximately 20 tons. But the smaller blue stones, still weighing 4 tons on average, came from west Wales. It is not yet known how these were conveyed over a distance of 380 km. It is also a mystery how early man was able to construct Stonehenge without the use of modern construction machines and lorries.
He is an example of people who brought culture and new techniques from the European mainland to Britain. In terms of technical development people were going from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age and then to the Iron Age.
小题1:Which are not included in the things that are found in the grave of a man?| A．Tools, a bone pin, a bow and a cushion stone | | B．A copper knife and two gold earrings. | | C．Two pots, arrows and materials to make arrows. | | D．some chicken and grains. |
小题2:The man buried in the grave might be ______ at that time.| A．A poor man | B．a kind-hearted man | C．a rich man | D．an ordinary man |
小题3:Why is the man buried in the grave called the "king of Stonehenge" ?| A．He was buried three miles from Stonehenge. | | B．He had the oldest gold ever found in Britain. | | C．He might be a member of a powerful class who might have organized the construction of Stonehenge. | | D．All of the above. |
小题4:We can infer that _______ .| A．how Stonehenge was built | | B．the King of Stonehenge was from France | | C．Stonehenge was built through several ages | | D．Stonehenge was built because of war |
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Experts say the temperature in Eyjafjallajokull"s hole appears to have fallen to 100C, meaning it is now producing steam, not magma（岩浆）.
But officials warned that it was too early to say whether the eruption was over completely.
Ash clouds from the volcano grounded thousands of flights last month.
Steinunn Jakobsdottir, a geophysicist from the Icelandic Meteorological Office, told the BBC that the volcano was "kind of not active for the moment".
"The history of the volcano is such that it calms down and then it gets energy again," she said.
"There are still earthquakes under the volcano, and the small earthquake is still not quite down to what it was before the eruption."
"Difficult to say"
Magnus Gudmundsson, of Iceland University, flew over the volcano on Sunday and said information from heat cameras showed the temperatures at the crater had fallen below 100C.
But he told the AFP news agency that nothing was promised and that the previous eruption at the volcano had lasted 13 months, from 1821-23.
"It stopped and started again several times with different intervals（间隔）, so it"s difficult to say, difficult to give a timeline," he said.
He also said it was impossible to say whether the neighbouring Katla volcano - a much larger mountain - might also erupt.
At the height of its activity, the volcano sent out huge clouds of ash, which led to airlines grounding their planes for fear it could interfere with plane engines.
It was the biggest action of closing airspace in Europe since World War II, and affected at least 10 million passengers worldwide.
小题1:What do expert think Eyjafjallajokull is like now?| A．Magma is still coming out | | B．The hole appears about 100 degrees C | | C．The eruption was not over | | D．It is very cold. |
小题2:How do expects know the temperature in Eyjafjallajokull"s hole?| A．By taking photos | B．By taking its temperature | | C．By going close to it | D．By driving past it |
小题3:What does Steinunn Jakobsdottir think of Eyjafjallajokull?| A．It will erupt again soon | | B．It will be sleeping | | C．Another mountain might also erupt | | D．It’s uncertain |
小题4:What do you think the main idea is?| A．the biggest action of closing airspace in Europe | | B．the temperature in Eyjafjallajokull"s hole | | C．The Eyjafjallajokull volcano in Iceland | | D．The earthquake in Iceland |
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