Worried about how many calories you will get in that piece of pizza, chocolate c
题型：不详难度：来源：
Worried about how many calories you will get in that piece of pizza, chocolate cake or bag of chips? A new iPhone application (应用程序) MealSnap may help. Users just need to take a picture of the meal with the phone, and it will give a calorie read-out almost immediately.
MealSnap was developed by DailyBurn, a health social network that focuses on helping its users lead healthier lifestyles. It has created several other health and diet-related iPhone applications. The application gives users a quick reply. To do that, it matches the taken picture to a databank (数据库) with the calorie information of nearly 500,000 kinds of food. Users then get the range of calories for the meal that is photographed.
We started with something simple—an apple. A couple of minutes later, the application replied that it was an apple and between 64 and 96 calories. More impressive was the reply we received after sending a photo of a mixed salad bowl. MealSnap replied that the bowl contained “yellow rice with corn, boiled eggs and beans” and that the food was between 532 and 789 calories.
Mr. Smith, director of DailyBurn, said that usual calorie counting needed a long time, but that the application made it easier to know the calories in food. That is why it is so popular among those who are trying hard to lose weight.
In addition, MealSnap can act as a food diary. No need to write down what they’ve eaten, the photoes will be stored. The users can keep a visual log (视觉的记录). Mr. Smith said, “it’s like a food journey, but easier. All you do is to take the picture. The simple act of recording something can cause a psychological (心理的) change that can help people on their health journey. Knowing the calorie range makes me think more about what I’m eating.”
小题1: The purpose of DailyBurn is to________.| A．help people find ways to lose weight | | B．make iPhone more popular | | C．persuade people to buy iPhone products | | D．help people have a healthy life |
小题2: What can be learned from the third paragraph?| A．MealSnap is only useful for simple things. | | B．The result of MealSnap isn’t always right. | | C．MealSnap can also tell what the food is. | | D．MealSnap needs a long time to show the calorie range. |
小题3: Which of the following statements about MealSnap is TRUE?| A．It has been put into the market. | | B．People will have a physical change by using it. | | C．It’s popular because it was developed by DailyBurn. | | D．People have to link iPhone with the Internet to use it. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:A |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了新研发的MealSnap不仅可以让人们知道食物的卡路里含量，还可以说出是哪种食物。 DailyBurn的目的是帮助人们拥有一个健康的生活，目前已经投入市场。
小题1:细节题：根据MealSnap was developed by DailyBurn, a health social network that focuses on helping its users lead healthier lifestyles.可知DailyBurn的目的是帮助人们拥有一个健康的生活，故选D。
小题2:细节题：根据We started with something simple—an apple. A couple of minutes later, the application replied that it was an apple and between 64 and 96 calories.可知从第三自然段可知MealSnap还可以说出是哪种食物， 故选C。
小题3:推断题：根据That is why it is so popular among those who are trying hard to lose weight.可知MealSnap已经投入市场。故选A。 |
举一反三
Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If there sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months they can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words, which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced（激发，引起）, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the children’s babbling（咿呀声）,grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
小题1:The writer mentioned the experiment of Frederick to __________.| A．support his idea | B．introduce his topic | | C．describe a new finding | D．give an example of his theory |
小题2:The purpose of Frederick’s experiment was to __________.| A．prove that children are born with the ability to speak | | B．discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech | | C．find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak | | D．prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language |
小题3:The reason why some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________.| A．they are not able to learn language rapidly | | B．they are exposed to too much language at once | | C．their mothers do not respond enough to their attempts to speak | | D．their mothers are not clever enough to help them |
小题4: If a child starts to speak later than others, he will __________ in future.| A．have a high IQ | B．be less intelligent | | C．be insensitive to verbal signals | D．not necessarily be backward |
小题5: Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?| A．A child is born with the ability to speak. | | B．A child’s brain has a complex system which helps to connect the sight and feel of an object. | | C．A child can produce his own sentences. | | D．A child owes his speech ability to good nursing. |
小题6: According to the passage, the writer agrees that__________.| A．the infants will certainly die because of lack of language. | | B．all children learn their language in fixed stages | | C．the child’s brain is highly selective | | D．insensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals will not affect the development of the child’s language |
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Global Positioning Systems（GPS） are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.
We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype （网络电话软件）. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay. BARRY BROWN: “And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of "garbage in garbage out".”
Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. BARRY BROWN: “One problem with a lot of the GPS units is that they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.”
Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people’s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”
It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues(时机问题) related to when GPS commands are given.
Barry Brown says, “ To make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.”
小题1:In paragraph 2, Mr. Brown mentioned his friend in the conversation to _______.| A．build up his own reputation | | B．laugh at his stupid friend | | C．prove the GPS system is only garbage | | D．describe an example of human error |
小题2:What is the disadvantage of small screens in GPS equipment according to the text?| A．They just provide the next turn. | B．They are harmful to eyes. | | C．They make drivers tired easily. | D．They often break down suddenly. |
小题3: Which of the following statements would Barry Brown most likely agree with?| A．GPS units are to blame for most GPS service failures. | | B．We should introduce higher standards for the driving license. | | C．Cameras are urgently needed to help improve GPS systems. | | D．Drivers, GPS systems and passengers should unite to improve GPS systems. |
小题4:What is Mr. Brown’s attitude towards GPS?| A．Unconcerned. | B．Prejudiced. | | C．Objective. | D．Critical. |
小题5:Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of the pasage?| A．Driving with GPS can be difficult. | | B．Driving confusions can be caused by small screens. | | C．Driving without GPS should be much more convenient. | | D．GPS equipment in driving to be deserted or improved |
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All of us eat every day, but most of us don’t understand nutrition(营养). How much do you know about good nutrition? Are the following statements true or false?
1. People who don’t eat meat can stay healthy.
True. As long as people eat enough milk, eggs and meat alternates(替代物), they can get enough protein.
2. Fresh vegetables cooked at home are always more nutritious than canned vegetables.
False. The difference depends more on how vegetables are prepared than whether they are fresh or canned. Vegetables cooked in too much water can lose a large quantity of vitamins.
3. Food eaten between meals can be just as good for health as food eaten at regular meals.
True. Nutritional value depends on what types of food you eat, not when you eat them. Eating an egg or an orange between meals can contribute to a good diet.
4. Taking extra vitamins beyond the recommended daily allowances won’t give you more energy.
True. It’s widely believed that extra vitamins provide more energy. But taking more than the baby needs doesn’t make it function better, just as overfilling your gas tank doesn’t make your car run better.
5. Natural vitamins are better supplements(补充)for the diet than synthetic vitamins.
False. There is no difference. A vitamin has the same properties(性质)and specific chemical structure whether made in a laboratory or taken from plant or animal parts.
6. Older people need the same amount of vitamins as younger people.
True. Older people need the same quantity of vitamins as younger people although they need fewer calories. Certain illnesses raise the requirements for some vitamins, but that is true for the young as well as the old.
7. Food grown in poor soil is lower in vitamins than food grown in rich sold.
False. The vitamins in our foods are made by the plants themselves. They don’t come from the soil.
However, the minerals in a plant depend on the minerals in the soil.
If you have answered these questions correctly, you can say you know much about food and nutrition by today’s standards. But remember that nutrition is a growing science and that may be aged as new information is obtained.
小题1:The main purpose of the passage is to .| A．list today’s standards of some food and nutrition | | B．introduce what should be eaten and what not | | C．explain what is helpful to your health and what is not | | D．test our nutrition IQ by judging the problems listed |
小题2:From the surrounding words and sentences we know that the underlined phrase “contribute to” means .| A．help to bring about | B．take the place of | | C．make room for | D．turn to |
小题3:The underlined word “synthetic” most probably means in Chinese. |
The health of millions could be at risk because medicinal plants are being used up.These plants are used to make traditional medicine，including drugs to fight cancer.“The loss of medicinal plants is a quiet disaster，”says Sara Oldfield，secretary general of the NGO Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
Most people worldwide (including 80 percent of all Africans)rely on herbal medicines(草药)which are got mostly from wild plants.But some 15,000 of the 50,000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out，according to a report from the international conversation group Plantlife.Shortages have been reported in China，India，Kenya，Nepal，Tanzania and Uganda.
Overharvesting does the most harm，though pollution and competition from invasive(侵略性的)species are both responsible.“Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants，not caring about sustain ability，”the Plantlife report says.“Damage is serious partly because they have no idea of it，but it is mainly because such collection is unorganized.” Medicinal trees at risk include the Himalayan yew and the African cherry，which are used to treat some cancers.
The solution，says the report"s author，Alan Hamilton，is to encourage local people to protect these plants.Ten projects studied by Plantlife in India，Pakistan，China，Nepal，Uganda and Kenya showed this method can succeed.In Uganda the project has kept a sustainable supply of lowcost cancer treatments，and in China a public run medicinal plant project has been created for the first time.
“Improving health，earning an income and keeping cultural traditions are important in encouraging people to protect medicinal plants，”says Hamilton.“You have to pay attention to what people are interested in.” Ghillean Prance，the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London，agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection.
“Not nearly enough is being done，”he told New Scientist.“We are destroying the very plants that are of most use to us.”
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?| A．The function of medicinal plants. | | B．The importance of traditional medicine. | | C．More and more people rely on herbal medicines. | | D．The dangerous situation of medicinal plants and ways of protecting them. |
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．About 30% of medicinal species are at risk of dying out. | | B．Medicinal plants are mainly used to treat cancers. | | C．80% of African countries are reported to be short of medicinal plants. | | D．The problem of the loss of medicinal plants appeared suddenly. |
小题3:What contributes most to the loss of medicinal plants?| A．A lack of knowledge of sustainability. | | B．Invasion by other species. | | C．Environmental pollution. | | D．Improper harvesting. |
小题4:What is a useful method of protecting medicinal plants?| A．Improving people"s health. | | B．Letting people earn more. | | C．Working together with the government. | | D．Persuading the locals to protect them. |
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NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—Kids who eat better perform better in school, a new study of Nova Scotia fifthgraders confirms.
Students who ate an adequate amount of fruit，vegetables，protein，fiber and other components of a healthy diet were significantly less likely to fail a literacy test，Dr.Paul J．Veugelers of the University of Alberta in Edmonton and colleagues found.
While a healthy diet is generally assumed to be important for good school performance, there has actually been little research on this topic, Veugelers and his colleagues note.To investigate，they looked at 4, 589 fifthgraders participating in the Children"s Lifestyle and Schoolperformance Study, 875 (19.1 percent) of whom had failed an elementary literacy assessment.
The better a student"s eating habits based on several measures of diet quality，including adequacy and variety, the less likely he or she was to have failed the test, the researchers found，even after they adjusted the data for the effects of parental income and education, school and sex.Eating plenty of fruit and vegetables, and getting fewer calories from fat, was also associated with a lower risk of failing the test.
To date, Veugelers and his team say, most research on diet and school performance has focused on the importance of eating breakfast, as well as the ill effects of hunger and malnutrition(营养不良)．
“This study extends current knowledge in this area by demonstrating the independent importance of overall diet quality to academic performance.We should not only realize the importance of children"s nutrition at breakfast but also that throughout the day，” the researchers conclude.
Another research from the UK is suggesting that children"s diets in the preschool years affects how they perform at school later on.The researchers from the Institute of Education, at the University of London say in fact that what children were eating in those days before primary school has more of an effect than the chicken nuggets(块) they ate at lunchtime.The researchers say they have found that children who ate a diet of “junk food” at the age of three, made less progress in school between the ages of six and ten.They say children"s diet at later ages appears to have less impact on their school attainment.
小题1:．According to Dr.Paul J．Veugelers, students who have a healthy diet________.| A．are more likely to fail in their school performance | | B．definitely can perform better in their school work | | C．usually have more of fat and less of fruit and vegetables | | D．tend to perform better in their school work |
小题2:．It can be implied from the passage that________.| A．little research has been done on the importance of breakfast | | B．most students participating in the research failed the test | | C．the adequacy and variety of foods can mean better school performance | | D．eating more chicken nuggets leads to good school performance |
小题3:．The underlined word “literacy” (in Para.2) probably refers to ________.| A．the ability to read and write | | B．a guessing game | | C．the art of painting | | D．the ability to handle practical task |
小题4:．Which of the following statements is TRUE?| A．Children should have more“junk food”at lunch time. | | B．Preschool diets can have more impact on children"s school work. | | C．A child who often has“junk food”at 3 is bound to fail in school work. | | D．The older a child is，the more impact of what he eats has on school work. |
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