Wikipedia: The Online Know-It-All If you want to find out a piece of information
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Wikipedia: The Online Know-It-All
If you want to find out a piece of information about anything, the best place to search for it is Wikipedia. The name “Wikipedia” is from the Hawaiian word wiki, meaning “quick”. This online encyclopedia (百科全书) is written by thousands of people around the world. Anyone with Internet access can write, add or make changes to Wikipedia articles if he or she finds it incorrect or not well written. In this way, people who know a lot about a certain subject can write about it even if they are not university professors. But contributions cannot damage Wikipedia because many experienced editors are watching pages and techies (技术专家) can write editing programs to keep track of or correct bad edits. Where there are disagreements on how to present facts, editors work together to arrive at an article that fairly represents current expert opinion on the subject.
Wikipedia is quite different from paper-based reference sources in important ways. Unlike printed encyclopedias, it is continually created and updated, with articles on historic events appearing within minutes, rather than months or years.
What’s more, Wikipedia includes articles written in about 285 languages. This fact makes it one of the few websites on the Internet that are truly international. It was started in 2001 by Larry Sanger and Jimmy Wales, as a free online English-language encyclopedia project. Since its creation, it has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference websites, attracting nearly 500 million unique visitors monthly. There are more than 77,000 active contributors working on more than 22,000,000 articles in different languages. As of today, there are 4,396,866 articles in English.
So, if you are looking for some information, why not try Wikipedia? It’s free, multilingual，and informative.
小题1:According to the passage, what is Wikipedia?| A．A free website encyclopedia. | B．A computer game. | | C．A free encyclopedia in book form. | D．An online university. |
小题2:From the passage we know that ______.| A．Wikipedia only charges users a small fee | | B．Wikipedia catches a wide audience | | C．incorrect editions might do great harm to Wikipedia | | D．it will take long to update the information on Wikipedia |
小题3:Where can we probably read the passage?| A．In a story book. | B．In a research report. | | C．In a science magazine. | D．In a travel brochure. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:C |
解析
试题分析：文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了维基百科的主要内容及相关的各种问题。
小题1:A细节理解题。文章的第一段联系下文This online encyclopedia(百科全书) is written by thousands of people around the world及文章最后一句It’s free, multilingual，and informative.描述可以得出答案。故A正确。
小题2:B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Since its creation, it has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference websites, attracting nearly 500 million unique visitors monthly. There are more than 77,000 active contributors working on more than 22,000,000 articles in different languages.可以得出答案。故B正确。
小题3:C推理判断题。本文主要介绍了维基百科的主要内容及相关的各种问题。故这类文章可能出自于科学杂志。故C正确。 |
举一反三
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; _________________, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way children, learning to do all the other things without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances（表现）with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he became dependent on the teacher.
Why should we teachers waste time on such tiring work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense（荒谬的）of grades, exams and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
We should, of course, offer help to them just as they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated（复杂的）and rapidly changing as ours. Don’t worry! If something is basic, they will go out into the world and learn it.
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage? (No more than 8 words.)
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Teachers seem to think that a child can’t find out a mistake or correct it without their help.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题3:Please fill in the blank in the first paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.
(No more than 10 words.)
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题4:According to the passage, what should a teacher do? (No more than 15 words.)
A teacher should ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题5:What is the author’s attitude towards grades, exams and marks at school?
(No more than 5 words.)
The author thinks _____________________________________________________________ |
The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study"s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing (引证) older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is slow to learn that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays against funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem (自尊). The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation (自我肯定). In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think of positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic viewpoint. Call it the power of negative thinking.
小题1:The first paragraph is written _________.| A．to raise an argument about positive thinking | | B．to introduce the power of positive thinking | | C．to encourage people to have positive thoughts | | D．to introduce the $11 billion self-help industry |
小题2:According to the study of the Canadian researchers, _________.| A．positive thinking is not as powerful as negative thinking | | B．encouraging positive thinking may actually discourage people | | C．happy people can think positively while unhappy people can’t | | D．getting people to think positively can strengthen their confidence |
小题3:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?| A．You are pointing out the mistakes he has made. | | B．You are reminding him that he is not intelligent. | | C．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough. | | D．You are showing he has great potential in spite of faults. |
小题4:We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.| A．negative feelings must be got rid of | | B．there’s no point in thinking positively | | C．it doesn’t make sense to think negatively | | D．negative thinking is not always negative |
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Going to college and living away from home for the first time can be terribie．Students tend to have higher academic achievements in college when they enjoy living in the dormitory．Most colleges and universities have many programs that help first-year students adjust to studying and living in a new community．Take advantage of these programs and make new friends as you adjust to your college life．
．Greet and meet everyone in the dorm．Find out their class schedules and hobbies．You may be able to find study partners this way．Most students are just like you being away from their home the first time．Don"t be afraid toknock on your neighbors"doors and introduce yourself．The residence(居住区)staff will also help you in adjusting tocollege iife．Get to know them as soon as possible．
Get along with your roommate．Your roommates can be eitherr your lifelong friends or enemies．Try to be friends to them．Respect each other, including their space．Do not use your roommates’ belongings without permission．Communicate among each other regarding your daily schedule, study or sleep habits and off campus guest visits. Always say hello．
Get involved．To adjust to college life away from home，you need to got involved in college activities．Join clubs．Attend events that are hosted by your residence life and academic departments．Attend those events with your new friends. Most colleges have many events throughout the semester．Student union is a great place to meet new friends and learn about the upcoming events．
Call home when you need to．College life can be very exciting in the beginning. Most students get lonely and homesick during the middle of the semester or during festivals，It is normal to feel sad．Call home or even visit home when you need to. Talk to your friends back home．Understand that many people love and support you and they are very proud of you．
小题1:What does the text mainly tell us?| A．Advice on how to adjust to college life． | | B．Things that can be done in a dormitory． | | C．Places to live in when going to a college． | | D．Ways of making friends with roommates． |
小题2:What can be proper to fill in the blank in Paragraph 2?| A．Greet people everywhere． | B．Meet new friends． | | C．Share your hobbies. | D．Adjust to college life． |
小题3:Which of the following is not proper in getting along with your roommates?| A．Say hello to them frequently． | | B．Respect them and their space． | | C．Use their belongings secretly． | | D．Know about their living habits． |
小题4:According to the text，when you feel homesick at college，you can ．| A．find study partners | B．join clubs | | C．call your parents | D．talk to new friends |
小题5:In which part of a website might the text appear?| A．Style and fashion． | B．Science and technology． | | C．Sports and health． | D．Culture and education． |
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Microsoft has a problem：It desperately wants the remaining Windows XP users to upgrade to a newer version of the operating system but a good many of them still haven’t started．The latest numbers from NetMarket show that Windows XP still accounts for around 29．5％of all desktops in use even though Microsoft is due to end support for the l3-Year-old platform on April 8th．ZDNet reports that Microsoft plans to force remaining XP users to start next week by sending them notices reminding them again that it will end XP support within a month．
However, as Computerworld reports，Microsoft may have a tough time convincing some Windows XP users to upgrade because it"s trying to sell them on Windows 8，the newest operating system that has angered many longtime PC users by removing the traditional Start menu and by adding the interface(界面)a special feature．Computerworld writes that many Windows users expressed anger last month when Microsoft asked them to help switch as many people as they could from Windows XP to Windows 8 partly because Microsoft hasn’t offered any sort of discount for Windows XP users making the switch．
This is particularly tiresome, these users said，because switching from XP to Windows 8 won’t just require a software upgrade but will instead likely force them to buy new machines capable(能够)of running Microsoft’s new operating system．Some users were also annoyed that Microsoft only mentioned Windows 8 and not Windows 7 as upgrade possibilities．
In the end，it looks like when Microsoft ends support for Windows XP next month there will still be a large part of the desktop PC world using the platform．Hackers who have been saving up all their best new malware(恶意软件)for the day when Windows XP support ends are about to have a field day．
小题1:What problem does Microsoft have now?| A．Windows XP is out of date and needs improvement． | | B．Windows 8 runs worse than Windows XP． | | C．No people like to upgrade their operating system． | | D．Lots of users refuse to switch from XP to Windows 8． |
小题2:How will Microsoft remind users ofthe stop of XP support?| A．By sending them notices． | | B．By sending them daily emails． | | C．By adding the interface a special feature． | | D．By removing the traditional Start menu． |
小题3:Which is probably one of the reasons why users dislike Window 8?| A．Microsoft hasn’t offered any discount for it． | | B．They like Window 7 more than Window 8． | | C．Microsoft refuses to offer them a new machine． | | D．It’s impossible for them to use the new operating system． |
小题4:What does the underlined phrase “have a field day” probably mean in the last paragraph?| A．Show up without warning． | | B．Make rapid progress． | | C．Make full use of the opportunity． | | D．Come to an end completely． |
小题5:What can be inferred from the text?| A．Windows XP will completely be out of use in a month． | | B．Windows XP will still be in use for a period of time． | | C．Windows 8 will have a longer history than Windows XP． | | D．Windows 7 will easily be attacked by Hackers． |
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Teenagers at one German school are learning how to achieve happiness alongside other traditional subjects such as math and languages.
The class sit in a circle with their eyes shut and they count from one to ten: someone starts, the next voice comes from the far right, a third from the other side.
The aim of the game is to listen for an opportunity to shout out the number without clashing (冲突) with another voice or leaving a pause. On the first try, most of the young Germans try to be first, while a few are too shy to join in, but by the fifth time round, they develop a rhythm. The message: give other people space but also confidently claim your own. This is a requirement for social well-being.
The Willy Hellpach School in Heidelberg is the first in the nation to develop a happiness course. It is intended for students preparing for university entrance exams.
"The course isn"t there to make you happy," Ernst Fritz -Schubert, the school principal, warned pupils, "but rather to help you discover the ways to become happy."
Cooking a meal together is one of the class exercises. Improving body language under the guidance of two professional actresses is another.
The course is taught for three periods a week. Despite the happy subject, the pupils themselves insist it is no laughing matter.
"In the first period, we had to each say something positive about another member of the class and about ourselves. No laughing at people." said Fanny, 17.
Research by the school shows it is not the first to start happiness classes: they also exist at some U. S. universities, mainly based on positive thinking, using findings from studies of depression.
小题1:What"s the writing purpose of this passage?| A．To help students struggle against being sad. | | B．To describe all the traditional courses. | | C．To arouse the readers" interest in happiness. | | D．To introduce the happiness course. |
小题2:The game intended for the students in the 2nd paragraph is mainly to _________.| A．try their best to get opportunities for themselves | | B．practice how to speak in front of people | | C．equip them with required social skills | | D．confidently speak out one"s opinions |
小题3:According to the passage, the happiness course is _________.| A．to help students discover the ways to happiness | | B．to make all the students happy all the time | | C．required to be taken by the first year students | | D．created by the Willy Hellpach School |
小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that _________.| A．the students can certainly become happy after the course | | B．the students just took the course as a laughing matter | | C．the students" self"-respect can also improve happiness | | D．the students waste time learning something without value |
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