(2013·高考安徽卷,B)Using too much water or throwingrubbish into our rivers are clear

(2013·高考安徽卷,B)Using too much water or throwingrubbish into our rivers are clear

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(2013·高考安徽卷,B)Using too much water or throwingrubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger,but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave,the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall,but in any case,good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference,too.In the United States,a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live,but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with,use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
小题1:Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?
A.Using river water.
B.Throwing batteries away.
C.Paving parking lots.
D.Throwing rubbish into lakes.
小题2:What can be inferred from the text?
A.All water shortages are due to human behavior.
B.It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.
C.There is much we can do to reduce family size.
D.The average family in America makes proper use of water.
小题3:The last paragraph is intended to________.
A.show us how to fix leaks at home
B.tell us how to run a dishwasher
C.prove what drinking glass is best for us
D.suggest what we do to save water at home
小题4:The text is mainly about________.
A.Why paving roads reduces our water
B.how much we depend on water to live
C.why droughts occur more in dry climates
D.how human activity affects our water supply

答案

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:D
解析
本文为一篇议论文。文章讨论的是人类活动对于水供应的隐性影响。
小题1:解析:选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave,the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.”可知选C项。
小题2:解析:选B。推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).”可排除A项。根据第三段最后一句“This shows how much we depend on water to live.but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.”可知D项不正确。本文强调的是减少用水量,而不是家庭的人数,故C项错误。根据全文的内容可推知,水浪费、水污染和水需求不断增长,解决水短缺问题需要付出大量的努力。故选B项。
小题3:解析:选D。写作意图题。最后一段首句“You can take steps to save water in your home.”为主题句,接下来从四个方面就steps进行了展开,即四个方法或措施。显然,本段主要是讨论我们在家里如何节约用水。故选D项。
小题4:解析:选D。主旨大意题。本文为议论文,文章开门见山直入主题:...clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger,but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.讨论的是人类对于水供应的显性和隐性影响。第二段首句“Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).”似乎将话题转入自然方面的原因,但接下来的“but in any case,good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs”又将话题转回到人类自身方面——管理。第三段中的“Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference,too.”以及第四段中的“You can take steps to save water in your home.”均指向的是人类行为对于水供应的影响。故选D项。
举一反三
(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ,C)Given that many people’s moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate,it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory,Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents’ corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.
If the CRF seems to be a smart idea,that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony.That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored (味道) chocolates.
The CRF’s produce is “green ”,made within the country and divided into 10 lines,with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Series-with Sichuan pepper,red bean (豆),cheese and other flavors-also does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate_snobs,who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others,the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo,Cuba,Venezuela,and Ghana,among others.
小题1:What is good about chocolate?
A.It serves as a suitable gift.
B.It works as an effective medicine.
C.It helps improve the state of mind.
D.It strengthens business relations.
小题2:Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?
A.He knows the importance of research.
B.He learns from shops of similar types.
C.He has the support of many big names
D.He has a lot of marketing experience.
小题3:Which line of the CRF produce sells best?
A.The Connoisseur Series.
B.The Exotic Series.
C.The Alcohol Series.
D.The Sichuan Series.
小题4:The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who________.
A.are particular about chocolate
B.know little about cocoa beans
C.look down upon others
D.like to try new flavors

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
(2013·高考四川卷,E)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head,according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies,compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event,depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said:“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said,“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see-and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship,the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,”Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced,we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
小题1:What is the finding of the study?
A.One’s heart affects how he feels fear.
B.Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.
C.Fear has something to do with one’s health.
D.One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
小题2:The study was carried out by analyzing________.
A.volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C.volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D.different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart­brain communication
小题3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
A.Order. B.System.
C.Machine. D.Treatment.
小题4:This study may contribute to________.
A.treating anxiety and stress better
B.explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C.finding the key to the heart­brain communication
D.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
(2013·高考重庆卷,B)It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood(情绪).When you are____,you may find yourself  blaming work pressures or an unknown future.However,it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long.
One way to improve your mood is____.Psychologically,it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life.Also,in the process,you may aim for____goals,like a new personal running record or a better body shape.The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your____.That is why exercise has been shown to____your self­respect.
You do not have to train yourself____to feel the psychological benefits of exercise.What really matters is____,not intensity(强度)of your exercise.You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.
小题1:
A.illB.poor
C.unhappyD.unsuccessful
小题2:
A.playB.communication
C.sleepD.exercise
小题3:
A.clearB.present
C.commonD.early
小题4:
A.abilityB.relationship
C.confidenceD.business
小题5:
A.tear downB.build up
C.set asideD.give out
小题6:
A.hardB.everywhere
C.carefullyD.late
小题7:
A.timeB.length
C.formD.frequency

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(2013·高考北京卷,D)People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once,a new research suggests.The findings,based on performances and self­evaluations by about 275 college students,indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity,but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity.And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,”said David Sanbonmatsu,a psychologist at the University of Utah.
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked,how good they thought they were at it,and how sensation­seeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动)they were.They then evaluated the participants’multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly,the scientists said,most people thought they were better than average at multitasking,and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensation­seeking and impulsive behavior,which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.
“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity,but because they’re distractible,and they get sucked into things that are not as important,”Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley,a researcher at the University of California,San Francisco,who was not a member of the research group,said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest,however,why the sensation­seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.”said Paul Atchley,another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”
小题1:The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask________.
A.seek high productivity constantly
B.prefer handling different things when getting bored
C.are more focused when doing many things at a time
D.have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time
小题2:When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research,they________.
A.assessed the multitasking ability of the students
B.evaluated the academic achievements of the students
C.analyzed the effects of the participants’tricky mental
tasks
D.measured the changes of the students’understanding ability
小题3:According to Sanbonmatsu,people multitask because of their________.
A.limited power in calculation
B.interests in doing things differently
C.inability to concentrate on one task
D.impulsive desire to try new things
小题4:From the last paragraph,we can learn that multitaskers usually________.
A.drive very skillfully
B.go in for difficult tasks
C.fail to react quickly to potential dangers
D.refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior

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小题1:What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A.Blue.B.Light yellow.
C.Red.D.Dark reddish purple.
小题2:Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A.Because their spine is in active use.
B.Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C.Because they keep growing backwards.
D.Because their spine becomes more bent.
小题3:Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A.In the long run,our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B.When our brain senses the spinning,we will feel dizzy.
C.The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
小题4:What is the main purpose of the selection?
A.To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B.To provide information about our body.
C.To challenge new findings in medical research.
D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

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