In the past，people usually believed what newlyborn babies wanted was food and t
题型：不详难度：来源：
In the past，people usually believed what newlyborn babies wanted was food and to be kept warm and dry.They thought babies were not able to ____ things until they were five or six months old.____ the researchers in the United States now believe babies begin learning on their first ____ of life.They say babies are strongly ____ by their environment and one baby will ____ if his or her mother does something that the baby likes.
A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to ____ her mother.This is how babies start to learn to ___ and communicate with other people.The researchers say this ability to learn ___ in a baby even before birth.They also ____ the idea that newlyborn babies can ____ and understand sounds they heard while they were still ____ inside their mothers.
Recently，an American study ____ 112 babies found babies learned better when they were ____.The babies appeared to learn well whether they were sitting up on their own，sitting in seats or __ to sit up.The researchers say keeping that kind ____ had what they called a ____ effect on the babies" ability to learn about objects.They say the body position may be linked to development in the ____．One ____ says babies can pay more attention to ___ an object if they do not have to be worried about their balance.
| 小题1: | | A．eat | B．know | C．remember | D．learn |
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| 小题2: | | A．Besides | B．While | C．But | D．Therefore |
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| 小题4: | | A．influenced | B．accepted | C．disturbed | D．moved |
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| 小题6: | | A．annoy | B．love | C．notice | D．please |
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| 小题7: | | A．live | B．connect | C．speak | D．smile |
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| 小题8: | | A．disappears | B．informs | C．exists | D．happens |
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| 小题9: | | A．infer | B．support | C．deny | D．instruct |
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| 小题10: | | A．recognize | B．realize | C．receive | D．record |
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| 小题11: | | A．sleeping | B．delivering | C．shaping | D．developing |
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| 小题12: | | A．helping | B．raising | C．involving | D．containing |
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| 小题13: | | A．sleeping soundly | B．lying down | C．awaking clearly | D．sitting up |
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| 小题14: | | A．assisted | B．forced | C．asked | D．mentioned |
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| 小题15: | | A．hobby | B．gesture | C．decoration | D．purpose |
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| 小题16: | | A．negative | B．unmarked | C．significant | D．side |
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| 小题17: | | A．language | B．feeling | C．brain | D．body |
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| 小题18: | | A．psychologist | B．mother | C．doctor | D．researcher |
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| 小题19: | | A．exploring | B．finding | C．feeling | D．discovering |
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| 小题20: | | A．anxious | B．confident | C．worried | D．curious |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:B
小题6:C
小题7:B
小题8:D
小题9:B
小题10:A
小题11:D
小题12:C
小题13:D
小题14:A
小题15:C
小题16:C
小题17:C
小题18:D
小题19:A
小题20:C |
解析
以前人们认为婴儿要到五六个月大的时候才开始学习事物，但最新的研究表明婴儿从一出生就开始了学习过程，甚至在他们还未出生就开始了。
小题1:D 根据下一句中的“...in the United States now believe babies begin learning...”可知答案。
小题2:C 此句与上一句形成转折关系，因此用but。
小题3:B 婴儿从出生后的第一天就开始了学习。此题可依据判断。
小题4:A 婴儿会强烈地受到环境的影响。
小题5:B 由本句后面的“something that the baby likes”及第二段的首句可知答案。
小题6:C 这种学习能力在婴儿还没有出生之前就在婴儿身上存在了。
小题7:B 与空格后面的communicated形成顺承关系。
小题8:D 婴儿通过微笑使母亲高兴是为了得到最好的照料。
小题9:B 他们(研究人员)也支持这种想法，与上文形成顺承关系。
小题10:A 婴儿能够识别并理解他们在没出生前就曾听到的声音。
小题11:D 在母体中发育。
小题12:C 包含112名婴儿的一项美国研究。
小题13:D 根据本空后面的句子“whether they were sitting up on their own，sitting in seats or helped to sit up”可知答案。
小题14:A 无论是婴儿自己独立坐，坐在椅子里还是得到协作地坐起来。
小题15:C 保持那种姿态对婴儿学习事物的能力有重要的影响。且gesture与后文中的“hey say the body position”向对应。
小题16:C 同50题。
小题17:C 婴儿学习能力的获得是通过大脑实现的，且后一句中也涉及到了与脑力有关的“pay more attention”。
小题18:D 由50及52空所在句子的主语可以看出，此处的主语与他们一致。
小题19:A 孩子如果不用担心自己身体平衡的话，他们就可以把更多的注意力用于新事物的探/ 摸索上。
小题20:C 同54题。 |
举一反三
New research has revealed that which song drivers listen to can influence how safe they are on the roads.Among the top ten safest songs to drive to are Come Away With Me by Norah Jones，I Don"t Want to Miss a Thing by Aerosmith and Tiny Dancer by Elton John.Each of the songs has an optimum tempo(最佳节奏) for safe driving，imitating the human heartbeat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.The Scientist by Coldplay and Justin Timberlake"s Cry Me a River also appeared in the top 10.
The study，conducted at London Metropolitan University，also revealed the type of songs that cause motorists to drive dangerously.Unsurprisingly，music that is noisy increases a driver"s heart rate，which can be deadly.Fast beats cause excitement that can lead people to concentrate more on the music than on the road and to speed up to match the beat of the song.Styles of music were also measured during the experiment and revealed differences between male and female drivers.Hiphop made a female driver drive far more aggressively，speeding up faster than male driver.The heavy metal music caused the fastest driving among males in the group while the dance music had the same effect among women.The male and female drivers who listened to the classical music drove the most irregularly.
The experiment involved eight people driving 500 miles each using the confused.com MotorMate app，which monitored driving behaviors through GPS technology.
小题1:What"s the main idea of the whole passage?| A．Songs that drivers prefer to listen to on their way. | | B．A study made by the confused.com MotorMate app. | | C．What kind of songs the drivers should choose to listen to during driving. | | D．Female drivers and male drives have different responses to the same music. |
小题2:The underlined word “monitored” in the last paragraph means________．| A．controlled | B．banned | C．modeled | D．showed |
小题3:．Which of the following statements is NOT true?| A．Tiny Dancer by Elton John appeared in the top 10. | | B．Usually human hearts beat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute. | | C．The classical music makes most drivers drive comfortably and safely. | | D．The passage reveals appropriate music and improper music for drivers. |
小题4:If there is another paragraph in the end of the passage，the author may mention________．| A．female and male drivers" popular tastes of music | | B．how did the study carry out | | C．why fast beat music is harmful to drivers | | D．some music with optimum tempo for driver to enjoy |
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(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ，B)The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警觉)．Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three，or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
小题1:The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s________.| A．sense of hearing | B．sense of sight | | C．sense of touch | D．sense of smell |
小题2:Babies are sensitive to the change in________.| A．the size of cards | B．the colour of pictures | | C．the shape of patterns | D．the number of objects |
小题3:Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?| A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment. | | B．To see how babies recognize sounds. | | C．To carry their experiment further. | | D．To keep the babies’ interest. |
小题4:Where does this text probably come from?| A．Science fiction. | | B．Children’s literature. | | C．An advertisement. | | D．A science report. |
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(2013·高考浙江卷，C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on“mother”—the real mother or the mothersubstitute(母亲替代物)．
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”．
小题1:Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?| A．Warmth. | B．Milk. | | C．Contact. | D．Trust. |
小题2:After the first two weeks of their life，baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is________.| A．larger in size | | B．closer to them | | C．less frightening and less disturbing | | D．more comfortable to rub against |
小题3:What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“contact comfort”？| A．Attention. | B．Softness. | | C．Confidence. | D．Interest. |
小题4:It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，________.| A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys | | B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards | | C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting | | D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around |
小题5:The main purpose of the passage is to ________.| A．give the reasons for the experiment | | B．present the findings of the experiment | | C．introduce the method of the experiment | | D．describe the process of the experiment |
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(2013·高考福建卷，B)Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone，and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.Some in the city can’t wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.
“ I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a．m.and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open，”said Walter Choo,40，of Fort Greene.
The smartphonelike glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600，the Times said，possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的) reality，a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings.So，for example，if you were walking down a street，indicators would pop_up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.
“As far as a mainstream consumer product，this just isn’t something anybody needs，”said Sam Biddle，who writes for Gizmodo.com.“ We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things，”he added，“and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device (装置) that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”
9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub，who has been reporting on the smartphonelike glasses since late last year，said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.
“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago，”Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones，and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones，and it’s unnatural，”he said.“ There’s gonna be improvements to that，and this a step there.”
小题1:One of the possible functions of the smartphonelike glasses is to ________.| A．program the opening hours of a bar | | B．supply you with a picture of the future | | C．provide information about your surroundings | | D．update the maps and GPS in your smartphones |
小题2:The underlined phrase“pop up”in the third paragraph probably means“ ________”．| A．develop rapidly | | B．get round quickly | | C．appear immediately | | D．go over automatically |
小题3:According to Sam Biddle，the smartphonelike glasses are ________.| A．necessary for teenagers | | B．attractive to New Yorkers | | C．available to people worldwide | | D．expensive for average consumers |
小题4:We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphonelike glasses ________.| A．may have a potential market | | B．are as common as smartphones | | C．are popular among young adults | | D．will be improved by a new technology |
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(2013·高考安徽卷，B)Using too much water or throwingrubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺)．Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall，but in any case，good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live，but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
小题1:Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?| A．Using river water. | | B．Throwing batteries away. | | C．Paving parking lots. | | D．Throwing rubbish into lakes. |
小题2:What can be inferred from the text?| A．All water shortages are due to human behavior. | | B．It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs. | | C．There is much we can do to reduce family size. | | D．The average family in America makes proper use of water. |
小题3:The last paragraph is intended to________.| A．show us how to fix leaks at home | | B．tell us how to run a dishwasher | | C．prove what drinking glass is best for us | | D．suggest what we do to save water at home |
小题4:The text is mainly about________.| A．Why paving roads reduces our water | | B．how much we depend on water to live | | C．why droughts occur more in dry climates | | D．how human activity affects our water supply |
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