Life on Mars could become a reality and it could happen in your lifetime.A welco
题型：不详难度：来源：
A welcoming planet
Scientists say Earth’s neighbor Mars, a bright red planet about half Earth’s size, is the most likely to support human life. Mars even has frozen water on its surface.
Since the late 1990s, NASA has been exploring Mars using remote-controlled vehicles（装置）. Most recently Curiosity, a car-size vehicle, traveled through space on an unpiloted spacecraft(航天器) and landed on Mars in August 2012. Directed by NASA scientists , the vehicles move on the surface, taking pictures , collecting and analyzing soil, and looking for signs of life.
But what about human explorers? Plans are already in the works to send astronauts to Mars as soon as the mid-2030s.
_____________________________________
But before you start packing your bags, let’s consider the challenges. For starters, Mars is far away. Just getting there could take up to 10 months.
Scientists already know that time away from Earth’s gravity harms the human body. Bones and muscles get weaker. The body produces less blood. What damage would months and months of living in space do?
And then there is the matter of water, oxygen, food and fuel. Scientists will have to find solutions to these problems, or the first humans on Mars won’t survive very long in their new home.
Tiny Dangers
There’s another tinier risk. It’s so tiny that you can’t even see it: germs.
Some scientists believe that our germs could pollute the whole planet of Mars. Potentially killing Martian life before we have the chance to discover it. Worse, there is a small but terrifying chance that any microscopic life already there might be harmful to us .
Worse still, if any of those Martian germs(火星细菌) were brought back to Earth, the result could be disastrous. Animals, plants, and people could be wiped out.
Worth the $$$?
A more practical concern is the cost. The price could approach $ 1 trillion(万亿). How can we justify spending that much when so many problems—poverty, disease—could use the cash here on Earth?
小题1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the “A welcoming planet” part?
| A．Mars is a little bigger than Earth. |
| B．There are flowing rivers on Mars. |
| C．People haven’t been to Mars so far. |
| D．Scientists have discovered signs of life on Mars. |
| A．Living in space. | B．Limited resources. |
| C．Extreme conditions. | D．Interesting challenges. |
| A．there is no serious danger |
| B．people won’t be in any danger |
| C．it’s difficult for people to realize the danger |
| D．the danger may be caused by very small things |
| A．Martian germs may be different from those on Earth. |
| B．Martian germs may be brought back to Earth. |
| C．People may carry germs to Mars. |
| D．There may be germs on Mars. |
| A．People | B．History | C．Science | D．Business |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:C
解析
试题分析：火星移民到底能不能实现？科学家目前对火星进行了许多研究，并认为目前移民是很困难、有风险的。火星的环境和地球差距很大，但是并不代表未来不可行。这吸引了人们的执着追寻。
小题1:细节理解题。由“ Plans are already in the works to send astronauts to Mars as soon as the mid-2030s.”可知让人们登上火星还要等到21世纪年30年代中期。 故选C。
小题2:推理判断题。这一部分主要讲了前往火星最主要的困难，因此是极端的条件。Living in space. 生活在太空；Limited resources.有限的资源；Extreme conditions.极端的条件；Interesting challenges.有趣的条件。故选C。
小题3:推理判断题。由“There’s another tinier risk. It’s so tiny that you can’t even see it: germs.”可知，微生物对火星和地球都是潜在的威胁，但是它们太小以至于看不见。故选D。
小题4:细节理解题。根据“Worse still, if any of those Martian germs(火星细菌) were brought back to Earth, the result could be disastrous. Animals, plants, and people could be wiped out. ”可知，火星带回来的细菌很可能是致命的。故选B。
小题5:推理判断题。本文主要讲了火星移民的风险和困难，是一篇科普性质的文章，因此来源于“科学” 报。故选C。
举一反三
There are many reasons for these little animals" coming to the center. First of all, street cats or dogs catch, injure or take away little birds from their nests. Sometimes people catch baby animals and keep them at home, giving them food that they are not used to. It would make them sick. Most people don"t realize that it"s against law to get live animals out of their nests.
As for songbirds, people often find them on the ground in their yards, thinking they have no other choice but to leave them on the ground to die. This is because many people wrongly believe that once a bird is touched by a person, its mother will not accept this child bird. But that"s not true.
If a little bird falls out of the nest, you should check whether it is injured. If not, you should put the bird back in the nest. If the bird is injured, call your local wildlife center quickly.
As for the progress of protecting wild animals, people at Wild Friends devote all their energy to this work. Over the last weeks, they have been able to send many of the birds and rabbits that came here earlier this spring back to nature.
小题1:Which is the busiest season for workers at Wild Friends?
| A．Spring | B．Summer. | C．Autumn. | D．Winter. |
| A．Giving them food they don"t like. | B．Letting them play with children. |
| C．Leaving them on the ground. | D．Bringing them to the center. |
| A．wait for its mother | B．help it go back home |
| C．touch it with your hands | D．call workers at Wild Friends |
If you come to visit, you"ll probably be surprised when you come in: Someone will give you an electronic PIN to wear. The PIN tells the house who you are and where you are. The house uses this information to give you what you need. When it"s dark outside, the PIN turns on the lights near you, and then turns them off as you walk away from them. Music moves with you, too. If the house knows your favorite music, it plays it for you. The music seems to be everywhere, but in fact other people in the house hear different music or no music. If you get a telephone call, only the nearest telephone rings.
Of course, you are also able to want something. There is a home control console (控制台) which is a small machine that turns things on and off around you.
The PIN and the console are new ideas, but they are in fact like many things we have today. If you want to go to a movie, you need a ticket. If I give you the key to my car, you can use my car. The car works for you because you have the key. My house works for you because you wear the PIN or hold the console.
I believe that in ten years from now, most new houses will have the systems that I"ve put in my house. The systems will probably be even bigger and better than the ones I"ve got.
I like to try new ideas. I know that some of my ideas will work better than others". But I hope that one day I will stop thinking of these systems as new, and ask myself instead, ”How did I live without them?”
小题1:The writer’s house is made of the following EXCEPT_________.
| A．bamboo | B．wood | C．glass | D．software |
| A．An IT expert. | B．A famous doctor. |
| C．A sportsman. | D．An experienced teacher. |
| A．it has your favorite music following you |
| B．you can make a telephone call anywhere |
| C．the writer is able to change his new idea into practice |
| D．it is controlled by computers |
| A．How to develop a new system. | B．The function of the PIN. |
| C．How great the computers are. | D．Easy life in the future. |
Now you can use your voice to use your iPhone 4S. Just talk to Siri as you would to a person: “Do I need an umbrella?” or “Where’s the closest ATM?” Siri not only understands what you say, it knows what you mean. It figures out the right apps to use to find the right answer. Then, just like a personal assistant, it answers you. Siri makes phone calls, sends messages, schedules meetings, sets reminders, and more. How much more? Just ask, and Siri tells you that, too.
Dual-core A5 chip: the most powerful iPhone ever.
Two cores in the A5 chip provide up to two times more power and up to seven times faster graphics. And you’ll feel the effects. iPhone 4S is quick and responsive, which makes all the difference when you’re launching apps, surfing the web, gaming, an doing just about everything. And no matter what you’re doing, you can keep on doing it. Because the A5 chip is so power-efficient, iPhone 4S has outstanding battery life.
FaceTime. It’s even better face-to-face.
FaceTime of iPhone 4S lets you hear a voice and see the face that goes with it—iPhone to iPhone, iPad 2, iPod touch, or Mac over Wi-Fi. So no matter where they are, no matter where you are, you’ll always be there. Making a FaceTime call is just as easy as making a phone call. And it’s even easier with Siri. Just tell Siri “FaceTime with Mom” and you show up, smile and wave hello. You’ll never miss a big event, an important meeting or a good laugh. And who wouldn’t be happy to see your face?
小题1:The passage is mainly about __________.
| A．how to use iPhone 4S | B．some models of iPhone 4S |
| C．some special uses of iPhone 4S | D．how to understand some pictures |
| A．It can take photos. | B．It can make videos. |
| C．It can write messages. | D．It can answer questions. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．It can be used together with Siri. |
| B．It allows you to see the other person’s face. |
| C．It allows you to hear the other person’s voice. |
| D．It can only be used between iPhone and iPhone. |
His study showed that bus conductors were much less likely to die of heart disease than bus drivers. Why? Because the conductors spent their working day walking. It seems obvious now but in the middle of the last century doctors were puzzled by the rising numbers of people who got heart diseases. Jerry Morris found one of the main causes: a sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle. He started exercising for a few minutes each day and lived until his 100th year.
If you wish to protect your heart, you have to do more than wander in the garden. The exercise needs to be reasonable. Jogging is not for everyone and a round trip to the gym takes a couple of hours, plus the monthly membership fee is only good value if you visit regularly. The answer is simple: walk.
A half-hour purposeful walk five times a week will lower your risk of heart disease, diabetes and strokes. Older people sometimes feel they have left it too late. But it is never too late to start and there are no upper age limits. Start gently. Take your time: a 15-minute flat walk in the nearest park, four or five times a week. Within a month or so, you are already beginning to protect your heart. Build the walks up. When you can comfortably walk for half an hour in the park, go further: try following rivers and canals.
Regular walkers have their own natural gymnasium. There is no membership fee, just some of the finest scenery in the world. Great Britain is the walker’s gym. When you have followed the rivers and canals, and are enjoying walking for a couple of hours, head for the coast. Once again, build it up slowly. When you are comfortable with long coastal walks, you can think of our national parks.
小题1:Jerry Morris is mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to __________.
| A．make his epidemiological message known to the public |
| B．praise his research into ways of improving public health |
| C．introduce the topic of doing exercise and keeping healthy |
| D．give an example of a person who lives a healthy and long life |
| A．bus conductors are more likely to die of heart disease than bus drivers. |
| B．doctors in the 1950s knew why heart diseases kept happening to people. |
| C．walking is better than doing sports in a gym because it saves time and money. |
| D．British people love walking because they have free gymnasium with finest scenery. |
| A．Parks are the best place for walking. |
| B．Starters should not push themselves too hard. |
| C．A two-quarter walk a day is suitable for starters. |
| D．People of old age might not be fit enough to start walking. |
| A．Long Life Comes from Walking |
| B．Walking Helps Cure Heart Disease |
| C．A Walk a Day Keeps the Doctors away |
| D．An Hour’s Walk in Nature is Worth Two in the Gym |
These experiments were conducted by psychological scientists, Nadia Chernyak and Tamar Kushnir of Cornell University. They found that sharing things with others when they are given a difficult choice leads children to think of themselves as people who like to share. It also makes them more likely to act in a pro-social （亲社会的）manner in the future.
Previous research has explained why rewarding children for sharing can backfire. Children come to think of themselves as people who don"t like to share since they had to be rewarded for doing so. Because they don"t view themselves as "sharers", they are less likely to share in the future.
Chernyak and Kushnir were interested in finding out whether freely chosen sacrifice might have the opposite effect on kids" willingness to share. To test this, the researchers introduced five-year-old children to Doggie, a sad puppet. Some of the children were given a difficult choice: Share a precious sticker（贴纸） with Doggie, or keep it for themselves. Other children were given an easy choice between sharing and putting the sticker away, while children in a third group were required by the researcher to share.
Later on, all the children were introduced to Ellie, another sad puppet. They were given the option of how many stickers to share (up to three). The kids who earlier made the difficult choice to help Doggie shared more stickers with Ellie. The children who were initially faced with an easy choice or who were required to give their sticker to Doggie, on the other hand, shared fewer stickers with Ellie. Therefore, children did not benefit from simply giving something up, but rather from willingly choosing to give something up of value.
“You might imagine that making difficult, costly choices is demanding for young children or even that once children share, they don’t feel the need to do so again,” Chernyak says. “But this wasn"t the case: once children made a difficult decision to give up something for someone else, they were more generous, not less, later on.” Chernyak concludes.
小题1:_______ helps children to share more in the future.
| A．Rewarding children for sharing |
| B．Forcing children to share |
| C．Allowing children to share precious things willingly |
| D．Allowing children to share what they don’t need |
| A．have an opposite effect | B．serve as a push |
| C．cause anger | D．avoid taking things back |
| A．they regret what they did | B．it’s not their own choice |
| C．Ellie is not as sad as Doggie | D．they like to share with a real person |
| A．parents will never find a way to get children to share toys |
| B．a gift should be given to make up for children’s sacrifice |
| C．children pretend to be generous when they are being observed |
| D．making difficult choices may influence sharing behavior |
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